Nella 20° edizione della rassegna statistica Eni, in evidenza le oscillazioni del mercato energetico durante la pandemia e la crescita continua delle rinnovabili
San Donato Milanese (Milano), 6 ottobre 2021 – Eni presenta la 20a edizione della sua rassegna statistica energetica mondiale.
Per riflettere ed evidenziare il processo di transizione energetica in atto, la World Oil, Gas and Renewables Review diventa World Energy Review, un unico documento che, cogliendo i principali cambiamenti del mondo energetico, vuole essere uno strumento prezioso per la loro comprensione.
La World Energy Review è suddivisa in tre sezioni. La prima sezione è dedicata al petrolio con una speciale attenzione all’evoluzione della qualità dei greggi e all’industria della raffinazione. La seconda sezione offre uno sguardo sui mercati del gas naturale e la terza tratta le principali fonti rinnovabili (solare ed eolico).
A causa della pandemia di COVID-19, nel 2020 il settore energetico si è trovato ad affrontare sfide senza precedenti. È stato il primo anno di riduzione di energia dal 2009 e l’anno di più grande contrazione dalla Seconda Guerra Mondiale.
Nel 2020 la domanda mondiale di petrolio è crollata (quasi - 9% vs 2019). Il prezzo del Brent è sceso al livello più basso da oltre 15 anni, a una media di 41,7 $/b con punte sotto i 20 $/b. Per la prima volta nella storia, il greggio USA, il WTI, è sceso sotto lo zero per un giorno.
Per far fronte alla riduzione della domanda, l’OPEC+ ha attuato tagli record della produzione di petrolio. Allo stesso tempo, il crollo dei prezzi ha determinato riduzioni anche delle produzioni non OPEC.
La produzione mondiale di petrolio è diminuita del 6,5% nel 2020, interessando tutte le categorie di greggio.
Nel 2020, per la prima volta dopo 10 anni di crescita, la domanda di gas è diminuita (-1,5% vs 2019); questo calo è stato guidato principalmente dal Nord America (-4,1%), dalla Russia (-3,2%) e dall’Europa (-2,6%). Viceversa, tra i 10 maggiori consumatori di gas a livello mondiale, la Cina ha registrato un notevole incremento (+6,5%) e si è confermata primo importatore globale.
La produzione globale di gas ha interrotto un trend di crescita che durava da 10 anni con una contrazione nel 2020 del 2,8% rispetto al 2019, principalmente dovuta al calo della produzione in Russia (-6%) e negli USA (-2,5%).
Nonostante l’impatto della pandemia sulla domanda di gas, il GNL ha continuato ad aumentare la sua quota sul totale di gas scambiato, raggiungendo il 40% (38% nel 2019). Nel 2020 sono stati commercializzati 484 bcm di GNL, di cui più del 70% importato dai paesi asiatici. Durante lo scorso anno gli USA hanno aumentato le esportazioni di GNL del 59%.
Nel 2020 le nuove installazioni di eolico sono quasi raddoppiate rispetto al 2019 (+111 GW vs +58 GW), raggiungendo una capacità globale di 733 GW (+17,8% vs 2019). La Cina ha guidato la crescita (65% dell’incremento) seguita dagli USA (13%).
L’energia solare ha continuato a dominare l’espansione delle rinnovabili con 127 GW di nuova capacità installata. La capacità solare totale ha raggiunto quasi lo stesso livello della capacità eolica, principalmente grazie alle installazioni record in Cina (49 GW).
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