Nel 2014 a Venezia abbiamo avviato la prima bioraffineria al mondo riconvertita da raffineria tradizionale grazie a un brevetto proprietario. La bioraffineria Eni di Venezia produce HVO, olio vegetale idrogenato, che viene addizionato al gasolio per soddisfare i requisiti normativi europei e nazionali che prevedono che una quota crescente dei carburanti sia costituita da materie prime provenienti da fonti rinnovabili. Nel 2020, a fronte di una capacità autorizzata di 400mila tonnellate all'anno, ha lavorato circa 220mila tonnellate di materie prime delle quali oltre il 25% erano costituite da oli alimentari usati e di frittura, grassi animali e altri oli vegetali di scarto. Dal 2023 Eni non utilizzerà più olio di palma nei suoi processi produttivi. Con la realizzazione delle nuove linee di trattamento delle biomasse si arriverà a soddisfare l’intera capacità produttiva dell’impianto EcofiningTM con materie biologiche provenienti dalle filiere degli scarti e residui, ampliando il paniere delle cariche biologiche a quelle incentivate dalle norme europee e nazionali ed eliminando così definitivamente l’olio di palma dalla produzione di biocarburanti.
Grazie alla tecnologia EcofiningTM, l’impianto di Venezia produce il bio-diesel. Nel giugno 2018 è stato avviato un impianto di purificazione che consente di lavorare oli vegetali grezzi anziché pre-trattati, di incrementare la quota di oli alimentari e vegetali esausti e di grassi animali. Dal 2024, grazie a un ulteriore upgrading dell’impianto, è previsto il potenziamento della capacità di lavorazione della bio-raffineria fino a 560 mila tonnellate all’anno con una produzione complessiva di bio-diesel che arriverà a circa 420 mila tonnellate all’anno. La spesa complessiva per la bioraffineria è pari a 500 milioni di euro, inclusa la ricerca e altri costi, con l’occupazione attualmente di circa 200 persone (BP 2021-2024) e oltre 200 persone di indotto.
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