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Eni and Commonwealth Fusion Systems, together for fusion energy

We are a strategic partner of the company CFS for the industrial development of magnetic confinement fusion.

ENI collaboration with CFS

We collaborate with Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS) to accelerate the industrial development of magnetic confinement fusion. A milestone has already been reached with the testing of the first prototype magnet with high temperature superconductor (HTS), a technological breakthrough that marks a decisive step towards more compact and efficient fusion plants. In 2025 we strengthened this collaboration with a strategic commercial agreement to purchase decarbonised electricity from ARC, CFS’s future fusion power plant in the United States. ARC is expected to be the world’s first industrial-scale plant able to feed fusion-generated electricity into the grid with a process that produces no CO2 or other greenhouse-gas emissions. The agreement provides for joint work to accelerate the plant’s development through operational activities, technology support and the sharing of design methodologies informed by Eni’s experience in the energy sector. CFS is currently building the SPARC demonstrator, designed to confirm net energy from fusion and to collect essential data to build ARC and the subsequent industrialisation phase.

Magnetic confinement fusion is one of the most promising technologies for the energy transition: it can generate large amounts of zero-emission energy, safely and virtually without limit. The reactor we are developing with CFS is compact and efficient and it is based on a tokamak configuration enabled by innovative high-temperature superconducting magnets.

Highlight

Some figures to outline the results of the partnership.

  • 10

    tonnes

    weight of one magnet

  • 16

    sub-magnets

    present in one magnet

  • 18

    magnets

    present in the future SPARC experimental reactor

  • 267

    km

    superconductor ribbons in a magnet

The technology developed by Commonwealth Fusion Systems

The magnetic confinement fusion reactors that have been designed in most research programmes use magnets with low-temperature superconductors (LTS), which require temperatures close to absolute zero (-273 °Celsius). However, this technology requires very large machines. The solution proposed by CFS, on the other hand, uses innovative industrial superconductors made from Rare Earth Barium Copper Oxide (ReBCO) which are known as High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS) because they “only” require temperatures of around - 253° Celsius. These superconductors can also create very strong magnetic fields. These differences make it possible to create reactors that are much more compact and efficient compared to those designed until now.

Highlights of CFS technology

  • 100
    mln

    degrees Celsius temperature reached by the plasma inside the reactor

  • 20
    tesla

    density of the magnetic flux density created by the magnets

  • -253
    degrees

    operating temperature of the HTS superconductors

  • 40 k
    amperes

    electric current intensity in the superconductors

Eni and CFS enter into a strategic commercial collaboration for fusion energy

Eni and CFS announce the signing of a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA), valued at an estimated $1 billion, for Eni to purchase decarbonised electricity from ARC, CFS’s future fusion power plant in the United States.

Read the press release

The stages of the partnership

The key milestones of the research to produce fusion energy, which began in 2018 and is still ongoing.

ARC and Tokamak

CFS involves the entry into operation of the ARC plant to feed energy into the grid and the use of the first plasma in the Divertor Tokamak Test experimental reactor.

SPARC

By the second half of the 2020s, CFS expects to start up the SPARC experimental reactor, designed to handle and confine plasma and to achieve a positive net energy balance.

Agreement to purchase energy from ARC

Eni and CFS announce the signing of a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) for Eni to purchase decarbonised electricity from ARC, CFS’s future fusion power plant in the United States.

New partnership agreement

Eni and CFS sign a new agreement to accelerate the commercialisation of fusion power.

ReBCO Superconductors

CFS demonstrates that ReBCO high-temperature superconducting magnets are capable of generating a field with magnetic flux density of 20 Teslas.

Eni and CFS

Eni joins the Commonwealth Fusion System (CFS), an MIT spin-out.

More sources for one energy

Energy diversification and technological neutrality guide our strategic choices on our path to decarbonization.

Find out more

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