Carbon Offset Solutions

Our decarbonisation strategy forecasts that, by 2050, just 5% of the total emission reduction will derive from offsetting via carbon credits from Natural Climate Solutions (NCS) and advanced technological solutions. To this end, we initiate projects that generate high-quality carbon credits to offset remaining CO₂ emissions. These initiatives rely on both the ability of ecosystems to capture and store CO₂ and the deployment of technologies to cut greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, by gradually boosting the share of credits from Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) projects, we can optimise our contribution to attaining carbon neutrality. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) also acknowledges the role of NCS in the decarbonisation process, envisioning their deployment as part of the strategies to cut emissions and remove CO₂ from the atmosphere. Eni first ventured into Natural Climate Solutions (NCS) by focusing on protecting, conserving, and sustainably managing forests, especially in developing countries. The company supports governments, local communities, and United Nations agencies, aligning its efforts with Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), National Development Plans, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Over time, we have launched Sustainable Agriculture Land Management (SALM) projects that enhance crop yields and boost soil organic carbon, which is essential for soil fertility, structure, and health, while also providing socio-economic advantages to farmers. Eni continues to assess additional NCS initiatives, focusing on both ecosystem restoration and sustainable management, as well as SALM projects in Africa, Latin America and Asia. Since 2018, the Company has launched the "Eni for Clean Cooking" programme to develop projects promoting the use of advanced cooking systems. 

NCS encompasses efforts to conserve, restore, and sustainably manage forests, which are a crucial part of our short-term decarbonisation strategy. These measures fall under the REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) initiative, shaped and advanced by the United Nations, especially under the UNFCCC (United Natio

ns Framework Convention on Climate Change). Our projects not only aim to cut emissions and enhance the natural absorption of CO₂ but also promote an alternative development model for local communities. This involves supporting socio-economic activities that align with sustainable forest management and the conservation of biodiversity. Additionally, by leveraging a robust network of agreements with global developers and partners, we oversee projects to ensure they meet international carbon emission reduction certification standards (like the Verified Carbon Standard – VCS) and deliver socio-environmental advantages (such as the Climate, Community & Biodiversity Standards - CCB). In 2024, Eni offset 5.9 million tonnes of CO₂eq using credits from the Ntakata Mountain and Makame projects in Tanzania, and the Mai Ndombe project in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The use of technological solutions is another way to offset remaining emissions. Eni has initiated the "Eni for Clean Cooking" programme to encourage the use of Improved Cookstoves (ICS) and is constantly seeking new opportunities that, besides reducing climate change, offer substantial social and environmental advantages to the local community.

The Clean Cooking Program

The International Energy Agency (IEA) reports that roughly 2.3 billion people globally, with around 1 billion in Africa, continue to cook using basic and inefficient methods. They inhale harmful smoke from the uncontrolled combustion of coal, charcoal, and firewood. According to the IEA, the absence of clean cooking facilities leads to 3.7 million early deaths annually, predominantly affecting women and children. Switching to more efficient cooking appliances would yield tangible benefits for public health and environmental conservation.

The "Eni for Clean Cooking" initiative, designed to enable free access to better cooking methods, has been launched in Côte d'Ivoire, Congo, Mozambique, Angola, Rwanda and Tanzania, with plans to consider its extension to additional Sub-Saharan African and Asian nations. These improved cooking systems reduce wood and charcoal use, significantly cutting the carbon footprint linked to cooking activities and enhancing the quality of life of the families involved.
In 2024, the programme reached around 1.2 million individuals in Sub-Saharan Africa, totalling 1.5 million since its inception. Eni has also subscribed to the "Clean Cooking Declaration: Making 2024 the pivotal year for Clean Cooking” to speed up access to modern cooking solutions, vital for enabling everyone to utilise affordable, dependable, and sustainable energy, in line with United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7. The declaration was signed by governments, the private sector, international organisations, and civil society at the Paris Summit. In accordance with IEA scenarios, the year saw the initiation of feasibility studies for the deployment of "advanced" clean cooking technologies. These studies envisage the distribution of induction cookers in urban settings and pyrolysis systems in rural areas. They aim to foster a circular economy approach by utilising agricultural residues, including by-products from Eni's agri-feedstock supply chain. The programme aims to reach 10 million individuals by 2027 and 20 million by 2030.