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  • ENERGY PRODUCTS AND SOLUTIONS

Natural gas: what it is, how it is extracted and how it is transported

molecules and atoms

What is meant by natural gas?

Natural gas is a mixture of gases found underground, composed mainly of methane (CH₄) with small amounts of ethane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. It is formed over millions of years from the transformation of organic material trapped in porous rocks.

How is natural gas extracted?

The process begins with geological and geophysical surveys of the subsoil. When the surveys yield positive results, wells are drilled to reach the reservoir rock: natural pressure conveys the gas towards the well. The gas is then treated so that it can be fed into the network.

How is natural gas transported?

Natural gas is usually transported through high-pressure pipelines, both on land and at sea. Thanks to advanced digital systems, pressure and flow rate are continuously monitored to ensure safety.

Natural gas can be liquefied into LNG and transported by ship: in liquid form, its volume is approximately 600 times smaller, and it can be transported virtually anywhere in the world without the constraints and costs associated with gas pipelines. Upon arrival, LNG is converted back into gas form in regasification plants and fed into the local network. 

The role of natural gas in Eni’s strategy

Natural gas is a key source in the energy transition: through pipelines and LNG, it ensures continuity and flexibility for the system and enables renewables to be developed with the aim of achieving Net Zero.

This is consistent with our strategy, which leverages existing partnerships and infrastructure to accelerate decarbonization and contribute to the security of supply.