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26       Eni for 2016  |  Sustainability Performance







              Remediation




                                                                            2014       2015      2016
              Waste from remediation activities                 (tonnes)  10,061,883  5,940,604  4,483,485
                - of which hazardous                                     3,525,537  104,602     71,603
                - of which non hazardous                                 6,536,346  5,836,003  4,411,882
              Soil and groundwater remediation expenditures and investments (a)   (€ thousands)  277,213  210,835  233,903
                - of which current costs                                  266,545   206,944    223,812
                - of which investments                                     10,668     3,890     10,091
              (a) The value is included in the Environmental expenditures and investments set out in the “HSE Management System Certification and Expenses” table.

              Overall expenditure on remediation in 2016 amounts   Sites of National Interest (refineries, petrochemical plants
              to approximately €233.9 million, which has increased   and disused sites), encompassing points of sale in the
              by 10.9% over the previous year. The main expenditure   R&M sector and well fields in the E&P sector.
              item (72%) concerns groundwater safety and emergency   Remediation activities are essentially in line with
              measures and remediation.                     previous years with the continued realization of approved
              56% of volumes of waste from remediation produced refer   remediation projects and technical/administrative
              to drawn groundwater. In volumetric terms, the decrease   follow-up on several ongoing procedures.
              of 53% compared to last year (equal to more than 2.5   The most relevant projects were carried out mainly
              million tonnes) is connected to the process that released   by Syndial, a company dedicated to remediation of
              waste from specific regimes according to Art. 243 of   contaminated disused sites (64% of expenditures in 2016)
              Italian Legislative Decree 152/06 (as replaced by Art. 41,   and by the R&M and Chemicals sector (34%). In 2016 the
              paragraph 1, Law no. 98/2013).                transfer of remediation activities to Syndial from the lines
                                                            of business continued, including the sale of a business
              The volumes are evidence of the complexity and   unit (remediation of disused sites) by R&M.
              variability of Eni operations which are spread over 17
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