Dalla ricerca di Eni Versalis nasce Extir® Galileo, la nuova frontiera in materia di isolamento termico delle abitazioni. L’obiettivo è riuscire entro il 2020 a costruire edifici a zero emissioni
di
Gabriella Galloro
06 febbraio 2020
3 min di lettura
di
Gabriella Galloro
06 febbraio 2020
3 min di lettura
In inverno, quando fuori fa freddo e noi dobbiamo per forza uscire per quell’importante commissione, senza pensarci due volte indossiamo il nostro cappotto più caldo e sfidiamo le intemperie. Quindi perché nessuno ha mai pensato di fare lo stesso con la propria abitazione? Farle indossare un cappottino… perché no, anche quello rosso, con un bel cappuccio e un tantino scampanato. Sembra di leggere un libro di Gianni Rodari, ma in verità il cappotto energetico esiste già e oggi ve ne parliamo perché l’ultima frontiera è stata raggiunta da un’azienda italiana: Eni Versalis.
L’isolamento a cappotto, in gergo chiamato ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite System) utilizzato più all’estero che in Italia, è un sistema composito in cui l’isolante (EPS) è fissato alla parete con un collante che garantisce la continuità termica tra isolante e muratura, mentre la tenuta meccanica è ulteriormente garantita da appositi tasselli. La finitura esterna, quasi sempre realizzata con un intonaco che dà alla parete un aspetto tradizionale, è rinforzata da una rete in fibra di vetro che “arma” il sistema garantendone la resistenza agli urti.
Ma perché migliorare l’isolamento termico? Perché significherebbe ridurre i consumi in bolletta e, più in generale, diminuire le emissioni di CO2 in ambiente. Oggi che anche il mondo delle costruzioni ha l’obiettivo di creare edifici a zero emissioni entro il 2020, una nuova sfida è arrivata a toccare anche i materiali isolanti, da cui ovviamente ci si aspetta molto. La richiesta è duplice: da un lato si vogliono ottenere sistemi in grado di rispondere adeguatamente ai requisiti di abbattimento dei consumi energetici, e dall’altro si chiede a questi prodotti di mantenere inalterate nel tempo le loro proprietà termiche.
Come dicevamo la nuova frontiera è tutta italiana. In Europa la soluzione più diffusa per l’isolamento termico è il polistirolo espanso (EPS), preferito rispetto ad altre soluzioni per la sua sostenibilità economica e ambientale. Da molti anni Eni Versalis è attiva nella produzione dell’Eps con i prodotti a marchio Extir® e addirittura risale a dieci anni fa la ricerca per rendere il polistirolo espanso più efficiente, limitando il più possibile le dispersioni termiche. Già durante la fase di ricerca l’elemento che più colpì i ricercatori fu il cambiamento di colore. L’aggiunta di un particolare additivo che riduce la trasmissione di calore, infatti, rese il polistirolo grigio. “È come se avessimo inserito un foglio di alluminio dentro il polistirolo”. Con questa semplice immagine Gilberto Frigerio, capo del progetto Extir® Galileo, mi riassume tutto il lavoro svolto. Per un attimo, è stato un po’ come tornare nella vecchia casa della nonna, e rivedere il cartone dietro il termosifone che serviva a mantenere la stanza più calda. Forse anche questa volta, guardare alla saggezza popolare è stato utile per far compiere alla ricerca un grande balzo in avanti.
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