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THIS WEBSITE (AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN) DOES NOT CONTAIN OR CONSTITUTE AN OFFER OF SECURITIES FOR SALE, OR SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO PURCHASE SECURITIES OR IS NOT FOR RELEASE, PUBLICATION OR DISTRIBUTION, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, IN OR INTO THE UNITED STATES (INCLUDING ITS TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS, ANY STATE OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA) OR FOR THE ACCOUNT OR BENEFIT OF ANY U.S. PERSON AS THAT TERM IS DEFINED IN THE SECURITIES ACT (A "U.S. PERSON"), AUSTRALIA, CANADA, JAPAN OR SOUTH AFRICA OR ANY OTHER JURISDICTION WHERE SUCH AN OFFER OR SOLICITATION WOULD REQUIRE THE APPROVAL OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES OR OTHERWISE BE UNLAWFUL (THE "OTHER COUNTRIES"). THE SECURITIES REFERRED TO HEREIN HAVE NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE REGISTERED UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "SECURITIES ACT"), OR PURSUANT TO THE CORRESPONDING REGULATIONS IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA, CANADA, JAPAN, SOUTH AFRICA OR THE “OTHER COUNTRIES” AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD IN THE UNITED STATES OR TO A U.S. PERSON UNLESS THE SECURITIES ARE REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, OR AN EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT IS AVAILABLE. NO PUBLIC OFFERING OF SUCH SECURITIES IS INTENDED TO BE MADE IN THE UNITED STATES, AUSTRALIA, CANADA, JAPAN OR IN THE “OTHER COUNTRIES.”
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The information to which this website gives access is directed only at persons (i) who are persons falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) ("high net worth companies, unincorporated associations etc.") of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (the "Order") or (ii) who have professional experience in matters relating to investments falling within Article 19(5) of the Order or (iii) to whom it may otherwise lawfully be communicated (all such persons together being referred to as "relevant persons"). Any investment or investment activity to which this communication relates is only available to relevant persons and will be engaged in only with relevant persons, or in the EEA, with Qualified Investors. Any person who is not a relevant person, a Qualified Investor or otherwise permitted under applicable law or regulation to access the information, should not act or rely on the information contained herein.
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THIS WEBSITE (AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN) DOES NOT CONTAIN OR CONSTITUTE AN OFFER OF SECURITIES FOR SALE, OR SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO PURCHASE SECURITIES OR IS NOT FOR RELEASE, PUBLICATION OR DISTRIBUTION, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, IN OR INTO THE UNITED STATES (INCLUDING ITS TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS, ANY STATE OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA) OR FOR THE ACCOUNT OR BENEFIT OF ANY U.S. PERSON AS THAT TERM IS DEFINED IN THE SECURITIES ACT (A "U.S. PERSON"), AUSTRALIA, CANADA, JAPAN OR SOUTH AFRICA OR ANY OTHER JURISDICTION WHERE SUCH AN OFFER OR SOLICITATION WOULD REQUIRE THE APPROVAL OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES OR OTHERWISE BE UNLAWFUL (THE "OTHER COUNTRIES"). THE SECURITIES REFERRED TO HEREIN HAVE NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE REGISTERED UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "SECURITIES ACT"), OR PURSUANT TO THE CORRESPONDING REGULATIONS IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA, CANADA, JAPAN, SOUTH AFRICA OR THE “OTHER COUNTRIES” AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD IN THE UNITED STATES OR TO A U.S. PERSON UNLESS THE SECURITIES ARE REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, OR AN EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT IS AVAILABLE. NO PUBLIC OFFERING OF SUCH SECURITIES IS INTENDED TO BE MADE IN THE UNITED STATES, AUSTRALIA, CANADA, JAPAN OR IN THE “OTHER COUNTRIES.”
In any Member State of the European Economic Area ("EEA"), the information contained in this website is only directed at and may only be communicated to persons who are "qualified investors" ("Qualified Investors") within the meaning of Article 2(e) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 (the "Prospectus Regulation").
The information to which this website gives access is directed only at persons (i) who are persons falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) ("high net worth companies, unincorporated associations etc.") of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (the "Order") or (ii) who have professional experience in matters relating to investments falling within Article 19(5) of the Order or (iii) to whom it may otherwise lawfully be communicated (all such persons together being referred to as "relevant persons"). Any investment or investment activity to which this communication relates is only available to relevant persons and will be engaged in only with relevant persons, or in the EEA, with Qualified Investors. Any person who is not a relevant person, a Qualified Investor or otherwise permitted under applicable law or regulation to access the information, should not act or rely on the information contained herein.
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Qual è il passo che un'azienda o un “paese” devono compiere per avviare la transizione verso un'economia circolare? Intervista a Hillary Brown, una delle voci più autorevoli in materia di sostenibilità
“Integrazione” di risorse economiche e infrastrutturali, “reciprocità”, “scambio”. Queste le parole chiave per definire l’economia circolare secondo Hillary Brown, una delle voci più autorevoli in materia di sostenibilità e ambiente urbano provenienti dagli Stati Uniti. La spinta per riuscire a creare questa “integrazione”, deve arrivare sia dal pubblico sia dal privato. Le aziende, spiega Brown, possono riorganizzarsi, riconfigurando i propri processi di approvvigionamento, produzione e smantellamento, al fine di superare un modello economico fondato su un elevato tasso di crescita dei consumi. Le istituzioni locali e nazionali devono adottare un approccio trasversale che consenta loro una visione di insieme. Ci sono ancora degli ostacoli, ma alcuni paesi si stanno muovendo nella giusta direzione.
Si tratta di un concetto idealizzato. È chiaro che c’è del potenziale in una riorganizzazione della nostra economia sul modello dei circuiti chiusi della natura, ma a mio avviso non è ancora un concetto maturo e strutturato in maniera uniforme. In questo stadio appare piuttosto come un insieme di idee tratte da ambiti diversi e addirittura di concetti pseudoscientifici. Io definisco l’economia circolare come una forte integrazione a livello di risorse pluridimensionali – economiche e infrastrutturali – che comporta anche reciprocità e scambio tra i vari sistemi. Questa definizione è più ampia rispetto a quella che tiene conto esclusivamente dell’accento posto su condivisione e riciclaggio.
Abbiamo assimilato la necessità del riciclare, ma accettare pratiche quali la rilavorazione dei prodotti richiederà cambiamenti più sostanziali del nostro sistema di produzione. Che ci piaccia o no, obbediamo a una logica di progettazione finalizzata all’obsolescenza estremamente difficile da superare, in quanto fondamento stesso del nostro modello economico basato su un elevato tasso di crescita dei consumi.
Questo è uno degli ostacoli, ma alcuni paesi si stanno muovendo nella giusta direzione.
La spinta deve venire sia dal settore pubblico che da quello privato. La aziende possono riorganizzarsi. Ciò significa che, se intendono riciclare elementi e trasformarli in nuovi prodotti, devono riconfigurare le proprie catene di approvvigionamento e creare nuovi processi per lo smantellamento. Questo risulta alquanto difficile quando si ha a che fare con materiali ibridi e sono molto pochi i paesi che dispongono delle infrastrutture per il ritiro dei prodotti. Siamo attrezzati per un sistema di trasporto unidirezionale dalla fabbrica al consumatore. Occorre quella responsabilità estesa del produttore che funziona molto bene in Germania e in altre parti d’Europa.
Prendiamo ad esempio apparecchi rotti o obsoleti. I produttori dovrebbero ritirarli alla fine della loro vita utile, smantellarli e riutilizzarne i componenti. Estraiamo in certa misura terre rare o importanti metalli dai computer, ma non si tratta ancora di un’industria consolidata. È questo ciò che intendo con ritiro dei prodotti. In un’economia completamente circolare prodotti e servizi vengono presi a noleggio o in affitto per poi essere sottoposti a recupero dei materiali e rilavorazione.
Leggi anche sull’economia circolare
Una selezione di contenuti per approfondire.
Le autorità dovrebbero considerare le risorse dei diversi settori. In entrambi i miei libri definisco questo sistema un’“ecologia delle infrastrutture”. Per trovare sinergie, gli amministratori locali possono ad esempio osservare le interrelazioni tra acqua, energia, sanificazione e gestione dei rifiuti.
Lasciate che vi mostri un chiaro esempio di coesistenza di diverse soluzioni in un’unica struttura. Prendiamo un sistema di barriere acustiche su autostrade che attraversano zone urbane. In gran parte d’Europa tali barriere non sono solo antirumore, ma possono anche essere dotate di pannelli fotovoltaici. In questo modo si ha un sistema di produzione energetica e di riduzione del rumore. Ecco cosa intendo per sistemi ibridi.
Un altro sistema simile consiste nell’usare gli specchi d’acqua – bacini idrici o canali – come superficie sulla quale montare pannelli solari galleggianti. Questa pratica è frequente in India lungo i canali di irrigazione delle zone aride del Gujarat. In questo caso si crea una sinergia in quanto l’ombra dei pannelli solari riduce l’evaporazione dell’acqua e la temperatura dell’acqua all’ombra aiuta a raffreddare i pannelli allungandone la durata di vita.
Un impianto di trattamento delle acque in New Jersey ha dotato il suo bacino idrico di pannelli galleggianti, mentre uno in Arizona convoglia le acque depurate in un terreno di 40 acri dove, ripenetrando nel sottosuolo, vanno a ricaricare le falde acquifere. Su questi 40 acri è stato anche installato un parco solare: due impieghi con un’unica soluzione.
L’altra proposta è quella di incentivare le amministrazioni comunali a esaminare le risorse naturali locali, che potrebbero trovare numerose applicazioni. Nel mio libro presento un caso di studio che vede come protagoniste due ingegnere civili di Heerlen, Olanda. Esse si sono rese conto che a fine anni Settanta o inizio anni Ottanta la cittadina aveva perso il proprio motore economico, l’estrazione di carbone, con il conseguente passaggio di massa al più economico gas naturale.
Tuttavia, le miniere di carbone dismesse sotto la città continuavano a produrre la cosiddetta acqua di miniera, ovvero un’acqua del sottosuolo in parte contaminata da sostanze chimiche e minerali. Nel corso del tempo l’acqua riempie la miniera e diventa una fonte di calore poiché il gradiente termico della terra è molto più elevato di quello dell’aria. Scavando più in profondità si raggiunge una fonte di acqua calda. Le due ingegnere hanno sfruttato questa risorsa sotterranea, che ha fornito il calore sufficiente per la riqualificazione dell’intera città e degli edifici municipali. Il sistema creato riscalda il centro civico, gli edifici pubblici e circa 200 abitazioni, in gran parte case popolari.
In estate è inoltre possibile fare riconfluire l’acqua calda nelle miniere come dissipatore di calore e usare la stessa risorsa per il raffreddamento delle case.
Se si pensa che al mondo ci sono qualcosa come un milione di miniere dismesse, questa potrebbe essere una sorta di energia rinnovabile. In Germania è stato fatto. Uno studio americano ha mostrato che in una zona della regione del carbone della Pennsylvania sarebbe possibile riscaldare 20 case con solo il 4 percento dell’acqua di una singola miniera di carbone.
Quello della città di Lille, in Francia, è un ottimo esempio di iniziativa dall’alto in cui il sindaco ha preso in esame tre settori diversi per ridurre le emissioni di carbonio. Ha cominciato dall’impianto di trattamento delle acque reflue che sfrutta la tipica biodigestione anaerobica per purificare l’acqua. Si tratta di uno dei processi di trattamento più comuni. In presenza di batteri, la materia organica si decompone in metano, CO2 e acqua. Ciò avviene in condizioni anaerobiche, ovvero senza ossigeno. Dalla biodigestione derivano il biometano e il fango, che, pieno di sostanze nutritive, può essere utilizzato come fertilizzante. Lille ha lanciato un progetto pilota nel quale il biometano è stato ripulito, privato di parte dell’acqua e della CO2 e infine compresso e utilizzato come gas per gli autobus della città. Il successo è stato talmente grande da spingere l’amministrazione a cercare un’altra fonte di materiale organico. Contemporaneamente però si sono verificati problemi con l’inceneritore, che ha dovuto essere chiuso. L’amministrazione ha dunque deciso di costruire un impianto di recupero dei rifiuti organici, di cui ogni città potrebbe e dovrebbe dotarsi. Tale impianto raccoglie gli scarti dei ristoranti e della trasformazione alimentare, i rifiuti organici domestici separati con la raccolta differenziata e gli scarti agricoli. Tutti questi rifiuti possono essere sottoposti a biodigestione per produrre metano o biogas dai quali generare energia. Nel caso di Lille, vengono utilizzati per alimentare 150 autobus pubblici. Questa è energia rinnovabile.
È una domanda da un milione di dollari. Dipende. Lille è riuscita ad alimentare tutti i suoi autobus con energia rinnovabile, risparmiandosi quasi 19 milioni di litri di gasolio. Il costo del sistema è caro, ma lo si può monetizzare in diversi modi, ad esempio utilizzando il fertilizzante prodotto dal fango e rivendendolo al settore agricolo. E anche il gas può essere usato in diversi modi, ad esempio vendendolo alla rete elettrica.
La domanda è importante poiché oggi, con i prezzi del gas naturale molto bassi, il periodo di recupero dell’investimento è piuttosto lungo. Il fatto è che sovvenzioniamo questo combustibile fossile, le estrazioni ecc., quando invece avremmo a disposizione il gas naturale proveniente direttamente dal circuito chiuso. Se modificassimo i sussidi, il sistema si ripagherebbe da solo in men che non si dica.
È questo il problema, ma lasciate che vi fornisca alcuni esempi di quando ciò avviene in maniera economicamente vantaggiosa. Il primo è quello del distretto municipale di East Bay a Oakland, California. Qui vengono trattati rifiuti agricoli, di ristoranti, aziende vinicole, nonché fanghi di depurazione. In questo modo viene prodotto biogas che, oltre ad alimentare la struttura stessa, viene in parte rivenduto con profitto alla rete elettrica. Sono state prese le decisioni corrette e il giusto mix di rifiuti biologici a disposizione rende il processo conveniente. Ogni anno, ad esempio, vengono risparmiati circa 500.000 dollari di elettricità per l’alimentazione dell’impianto.
Sì, tutto questo è possibile. È un investimento che molte amministrazioni comunali non pensano di potersi permettere perché il costo del gas naturale è molto basso.
Tra i paesi che prendono più sul serio l’economia circolare vi sono i Paesi Bassi. Ad Amsterdam, ad esempio, molta energia viene prodotta in modo rinnovabile grazie alla biodigestione anaerobica. Buiksloterham, un quartiere nel nord della città, è una specie di laboratorio vivente in cui vengono testate soluzioni di economia circolare su scala urbana. Si tratta di una ex zona industriale, dove si stanno riconvertendo alcuni degli edifici in abitazioni, uffici e spazi creativi. Il tutto nel rispetto dei più elevati standard di sostenibilità e circolarità, utilizzando acque usate e grigie. Ciò consente di risparmiare circa il 30 percento dell’energia. Inoltre, vengono promossi strumenti quali le batterie domestiche, affinché le persone raggiungano un’autosufficienza energetica.
È una questione politica e finora i Paesi Bassi sono stati un passo avanti rispetto agli altri per molti aspetti, in particolare in termini di resilienza. Hanno sviluppato numerose tecnologie poiché devono costantemente pompare acqua dalla terra, in quanto gran parte del territorio si trova sotto il livello del mare, il che richiede molta energia. Sfruttano l’energia mareomotrice prodotta nelle dighe, utilizzate anche per contenere le piene causate dalla pioggia. La loro mentalità è: “Come possiamo creare servizi molteplici con un’unica soluzione?” Si tratta di vere e proprie tecniche di sopravvivenza. Molte idee innovative provengono però anche dal Regno Unito.
Questo è l’argomento che tratto nel mio secondo libro, intitolato “Infrastructural Ecologies”. Mi sono posta la domanda: come si può applicare questa teoria di infrastrutture interconnesse e sinergiche ai paesi in via di sviluppo? È possibile farlo? Vi mostrerò tre esempi alquanto significativi che illustrano l’utilità del pensare fuori dagli schemi.
Le zone rurali dell’India hanno scarso accesso all’energia, ma un’interessante innovazione ha consentito di fornire servizi energetici di base agli abitanti più poveri di queste regioni. Il paese conta circa 400.000 ripetitori non collegati alla rete elettrica. Nell’ottica di una transizione energetica, l’obiettivo era quello di alimentarli tramite energie rinnovabili. Per farlo, un’azienda chiamata Omnigrid Micropower ha creato un modello di distribuzione dell’energia che potremmo definire una microcentrale solare, di cui le torri di trasmissione sono i principali clienti. L’energia in eccesso viene convogliata verso una mini-rete o micro-rete per alimentare lampade a LED e piccoli accumulatori venduti alle comunità locali. Un servizio dunque circolare – e prepagato – con gli “addetti alla luce” che distribuiscono ai clienti nei villaggi le lanterne, raccolte ogni mattina per essere ricaricate.
Il processo è stato trasformato in una piccola industria. La gente può noleggiare questi accumulatori di energia per alimentare attrezzature progettate per la mini-rete elettrica, come frigoriferi, pompe di irrigazione, ventilatori, ecc.. In questo modo vengono forniti tutti i servizi necessari agli abitanti del posto, senza dovere installare una connessione via cavo. Davvero geniale. Un’innovazione dirompente nata dall’unione delle necessità di due settori: quello dell’elettricità e quello delle telecomunicazioni.
Oltre il 50 percento dei proventi di queste centrali elettriche proviene dai residenti locali, il che confuta l’idea che i poveri non possano essere una fonte di reddito in ambito energetico. E in più si è favorita l’occupazione, con 10-15 posti di lavoro creati per ogni centrale elettrica. Il modello è stato ampiamente riprodotto e l’azienda ha vinto svariati premi.
Ora voglio presentarvi un altro esempio che mostra l’interconnessione tra acqua ed energia. Questa volta siamo in Brasile. Sfruttando i fiumi che dividono Paraguay e Brasile, l’azienda ITaipu Binacional (IB) è diventata il più grande produttore di energia idroelettrica, forse del mondo. IB ha costruito un’enorme diga, ma come per molte imprese del settore, l’inizio non è stato dei più semplici. In effetti, 59.000 persone che risiedevano lungo il fiume Paraná sono state costrette ad abbandonare le proprie case. Inoltre, i deflussi di agricoltura e allevamento di questa terra fertile hanno cominciato a inquinare il bacino idrico con la conseguente formazione di alghe, mettendo a repentaglio la produzione di elettricità.
IB ha dunque deciso di collaborare con le comunità di agricoltori e allevatori locali per ridurre l’inquinamento. Per farlo occorreva ripulire gran parte dei rifiuti animali e agricoli contenenti fertilizzanti.
Nell’ambito del progetto Agro Energy Condominium for Family Agriculture, 33 piccole aziende agricole sono state dotate di biodigestori. Il biogas ottenuto dai rifiuti organici viene trasportato tramite gasdotto in una piccola centrale per produrre elettricità e calore. Il calore viene poi utilizzato dagli agricoltori per asciugare il grano, consentendo enormi risparmi.
Il biogas in eccesso è invece venduto al distributore di energia statale, altra fonte di reddito per gli agricoltori. Ciò ha permesso di eliminare le enormi quantità di metano e carbonio e di fornire elettricità agli agricoltori rurali che ne erano privi, ripristinando al contempo la qualità dell’acqua. Insomma, una soluzione che ha permesso di risolvere molteplici problemi.
Devono avere una visione d’insieme. Ad oggi il settore energetico, idrico e dei rifiuti sono quasi come tre mondi a parte e le discipline ingegneristiche che li caratterizzano sono molto isolate. Non ci rendiamo conto che i residui derivanti dagli impianti di trattamento dei rifiuti o dell’acqua sono fonti di energia. Ragioniamo per comparti stagni. Sono un architetto, non un ingegnere. Quando ho avviato questa ricerca mi sono resa conto che la mia formazione professionale mi portava ad analizzare le correlazioni tra i settori. Ho imparato a pensare in maniera trasversale. Le municipalità in genere non lo fanno, anche se stanno cominciando. Ma questo approccio deve essere adottato su larga scala, soprattutto nei paesi in via di sviluppo, che stanno predisponendo per la prima volta dei sistemi infrastrutturali. Potrebbero praticamente saltare a piè pari i sistemi basati su combustibili fossili e passare direttamente alle energie rinnovabili.
È il motivo per cui ho scritto il mio libro. L’opportunità c’è. Potrebbe non essere l’unica risposta al problema delle emissioni di carbonio, ma tiene in considerazione le produzioni settoriali di gas serra. Le città stanno adottando soluzioni per singoli settori, senza una visione d’insieme che inglobi tutte le risorse come potenziali fonti di energia rinnovabile.
Il sindaco di Lille aveva un progetto per la riduzione delle emissioni di carbonio e ha consultato i suoi team di ingegneri, chiedendo, “In quali altri modi possiamo alimentare i nostri autobus?”. E così hanno cominciato a prendere in considerazione le acque reflue e i rifiuti organici. Dobbiamo fare esattamente questo.
A New York non mancano di certo i rifiuti organici, il compostaggio è solo una piccola parte e non è neppure necessario: il miglior modo di utilizzare tali rifiuti è la produzione di energia. È frustrante vedere che siamo intrinsecamente legati a questi regimi settoriali che non guardano alle opportunità. Ho scritto il mio libro per mostrare tutti i modi possibili per connettere i sistemi.
Ci sono numerose variabili in gioco. Sì, potremmo renderci indipendenti. Se avessimo deciso di investire nelle rinnovabili e di ridurre i sussidi ai combustibili fossili venti anni fa, probabilmente ora lo saremmo già. Dobbiamo ricorrere a qualsiasi tipo di tecnologia di transizione, una delle quali è la termovalorizzazione, che in America non viene usata. In tutta l’Europa occidentale e in Giappone ci sono termovalorizzatori o impianti di recupero energetico dei rifiuti che utilizzano residui solidi per la produzione energetica.
Negli USA siamo molto riluttanti all’idea, permane la paura delle emissioni di diossina. Ma la questione è risolta, al 99,9 percento. L’altra opposizione proviene dagli ambientalisti, secondo i quali bruciare i rifiuti sarebbe una sorta di incentivo a produrne ancora di più. Io la vedo come una soluzione transitoria che ci consentirà di guadagnare tempo mentre accresciamo gli sforzi verso un’energia completamente rinnovabile.
Come detto, ci sono numerose variabili, in gran parte di natura politica. La transizione verso le energie rinnovabili è ipoteticamente fattibile se adottiamo certe misure, eliminiamo i sussidi al gas, mobilitiamo e motiviamo le amministrazioni comunali a utilizzare l’energia derivata dai loro impianti di trattamento delle acque reflue. Se lo facessimo domani, saremmo già a buon punto.
È socia onoraria dell’American Institute of Architects ed è autrice di “Infrastructural Ecologies: Alternative Development Models for Emerging Economies” e “Next Generation Infrastructure: Principles for Post-Industrial Public Works”. Professoressa presso il City College, City University of New York, è direttrice del programma di Master in Sostenibilità e ambiente urbano.
Molly Moore è vice president senior di Sanderson Strategies Group, azienda di strategie mediatiche con sede a Washington DC. In precedenza è stata corrispondente dall’estero per il Washington Post.
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THIS WEBSITE (AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN) DOES NOT CONTAIN OR CONSTITUTE AN OFFER OF SECURITIES FOR SALE, OR SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO PURCHASE SECURITIES OR IS NOT FOR RELEASE, PUBLICATION OR DISTRIBUTION, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, IN OR INTO THE UNITED STATES (INCLUDING ITS TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS, ANY STATE OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA) OR FOR THE ACCOUNT OR BENEFIT OF ANY U.S. PERSON AS THAT TERM IS DEFINED IN THE SECURITIES ACT (A "U.S. PERSON"), AUSTRALIA, CANADA, JAPAN OR SOUTH AFRICA OR ANY OTHER JURISDICTION WHERE SUCH AN OFFER OR SOLICITATION WOULD REQUIRE THE APPROVAL OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES OR OTHERWISE BE UNLAWFUL (THE "OTHER COUNTRIES"). THE SECURITIES REFERRED TO HEREIN HAVE NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE REGISTERED UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "SECURITIES ACT"), OR PURSUANT TO THE CORRESPONDING REGULATIONS IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA, CANADA, JAPAN, SOUTH AFRICA OR THE “OTHER COUNTRIES” AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD IN THE UNITED STATES OR TO A U.S. PERSON UNLESS THE SECURITIES ARE REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, OR AN EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT IS AVAILABLE. NO PUBLIC OFFERING OF SUCH SECURITIES IS INTENDED TO BE MADE IN THE UNITED STATES, AUSTRALIA, CANADA, JAPAN OR IN THE “OTHER COUNTRIES.”
In any Member State of the European Economic Area ("EEA"), the information contained in this website is only directed at and may only be communicated to persons who are "qualified investors" ("Qualified Investors") within the meaning of Article 2(e) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 (the "Prospectus Regulation").
The information to which this website gives access is directed only at persons (i) who are persons falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) ("high net worth companies, unincorporated associations etc.") of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (the "Order") or (ii) who have professional experience in matters relating to investments falling within Article 19(5) of the Order or (iii) to whom it may otherwise lawfully be communicated (all such persons together being referred to as "relevant persons"). Any investment or investment activity to which this communication relates is only available to relevant persons and will be engaged in only with relevant persons, or in the EEA, with Qualified Investors. Any person who is not a relevant person, a Qualified Investor or otherwise permitted under applicable law or regulation to access the information, should not act or rely on the information contained herein.
Confirmation of Understanding and Acceptance of Disclaimer
These materials are for informational purposes only and are not directed to, nor are they intended for, access by persons located or resident in the United States, Australia, Canada, Japan or South Africa or any of the Other Countries. I certify that:
I am not resident of, or located in, the United States, Australia, Canada, Japan or South Africa or any of the Other Countries or I am not a U.S. Person; or
If I am a resident of, or located in, the EEA, I am a Qualified Investor within the meaning of Article 2(e) of the Prospectus Regulation; or
If I am a resident of, or located in, the United Kingdom, I am a Qualified Investor and a relevant person.
I have read and understood the disclaimer set out above. I understand that it may affect my rights. I agree to be bound by its terms and I am permitted under applicable law and regulations to proceed to the following parts of this website.
WARNING: the above certification constitutes a "self-certification" pursuant to Decree of the President of the Italian Republic No. 445 of 28 December 2000. False certifications are punishable by law.
You must read the following information before continuing.
The information contained in this segment of the website is not intended for, and must not be accessed or distributed or disseminated to persons resident or physically present in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Japan or any other jurisdiction in which it is unlawful to do so. The information also is not intended for, and must not be accessed or distributed or disseminated to persons resident or physically present in Italy who are not “qualified investors” (investitori qualificati), as defined in Article 2, letter e) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 (the “Prospectus Regulation”) pursuant to Article 1, fourth paragraph, letter a) of the Prospectus Regulation as implemented in Italy by Article 35, paragraph 1, letter d) of CONSOB regulation No. 20307 of February 15, 2018.
By clicking the button below labeled “I agree”, you are certifying that (A) if you are in the European Economic Area, you are a “Qualified Investor”; (B) you are not accessing this portion of the website from the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada or Japan; (C) if you are a resident or physically present in Italy, you are a qualified investor as defined under the Prospectus Regulation as implemented in Italy by Article 35, paragraph 1, letter d) of CONSOB regulation No. 20307 of February 15, 2018; and (D) you are not located in a jurisdiction where it is unlawful to access this portion of the website.
You acknowledge that the information and statements contained in the document you are accessing on this website speak only as of the date of such document (or such other date(s) specified therein), and such information and statements may become inaccurate, stale and/or out-of-date thereafter and should not be relied upon for any investment decision.
You acknowledge that the materials on this website that you are accessing are confidential and intended only for you and you agree you will not forward, reproduce, copy, download or publish any of such materials (electronically or otherwise) to any other person if this is not in accordance with the law.
You acknowledge that the access to information and documents contained on this portion of the website may be illegal in certain jurisdictions, and only certain categories of persons may be authorized to access this portion of the website. If you are not authorized to access the information and document contained on this portion of the website or you are not sure that you are permitted to view these materials, you should leave this portion of the website.
You acknowledge that no registration or approval has been obtained and Eni Gas e Luce S.p.A. società benefit and its affiliates assume no responsibility if there is a violation of applicable law and regulation by any person.
By clicking the button below labeled “I agree”, you are confirming that you have read and understood the disclaimer above.
If you cannot so confirm, you must exit this portion of the website
THIS WEBSITE (AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN) DOES NOT CONTAIN OR CONSTITUTE AN OFFER OF SECURITIES FOR SALE, OR SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO PURCHASE SECURITIES OR IS NOT FOR RELEASE, PUBLICATION OR DISTRIBUTION, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, IN OR INTO THE UNITED STATES (INCLUDING ITS TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS, ANY STATE OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA) OR FOR THE ACCOUNT OR BENEFIT OF ANY U.S. PERSON AS THAT TERM IS DEFINED IN THE SECURITIES ACT (A "U.S. PERSON"), AUSTRALIA, CANADA, JAPAN OR SOUTH AFRICA OR ANY OTHER JURISDICTION WHERE SUCH AN OFFER OR SOLICITATION WOULD REQUIRE THE APPROVAL OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES OR OTHERWISE BE UNLAWFUL (THE "OTHER COUNTRIES"). THE SECURITIES REFERRED TO HEREIN HAVE NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE REGISTERED UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "SECURITIES ACT"), OR PURSUANT TO THE CORRESPONDING REGULATIONS IN FORCE IN AUSTRALIA, CANADA, JAPAN, SOUTH AFRICA OR THE “OTHER COUNTRIES” AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD IN THE UNITED STATES OR TO A U.S. PERSON UNLESS THE SECURITIES ARE REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, OR AN EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT IS AVAILABLE. NO PUBLIC OFFERING OF SUCH SECURITIES IS INTENDED TO BE MADE IN THE UNITED STATES, AUSTRALIA, CANADA, JAPAN OR IN THE “OTHER COUNTRIES.”
In any Member State of the European Economic Area ("EEA"), the information contained in this website is only directed at and may only be communicated to persons who are "qualified investors" ("Qualified Investors") within the meaning of Article 2(e) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 (the "Prospectus Regulation").
The information to which this website gives access is directed only at persons (i) who are persons falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) ("high net worth companies, unincorporated associations etc.") of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (the "Order") or (ii) who have professional experience in matters relating to investments falling within Article 19(5) of the Order or (iii) to whom it may otherwise lawfully be communicated (all such persons together being referred to as "relevant persons"). Any investment or investment activity to which this communication relates is only available to relevant persons and will be engaged in only with relevant persons, or in the EEA, with Qualified Investors. Any person who is not a relevant person, a Qualified Investor or otherwise permitted under applicable law or regulation to access the information, should not act or rely on the information contained herein.
Confirmation of Understanding and Acceptance of Disclaimer
These materials are for informational purposes only and are not directed to, nor are they intended for, access by persons located or resident in the United States, Australia, Canada, Japan or South Africa or any of the Other Countries. I certify that:
I am not resident of, or located in, the United States, Australia, Canada, Japan or South Africa or any of the Other Countries or I am not a U.S. Person; or
If I am a resident of, or located in, the EEA, I am a Qualified Investor within the meaning of Article 2(e) of the Prospectus Regulation; or
If I am a resident of, or located in, the United Kingdom, I am a Qualified Investor and a relevant person.
I have read and understood the disclaimer set out above. I understand that it may affect my rights. I agree to be bound by its terms and I am permitted under applicable law and regulations to proceed to the following parts of this website.
WARNING: the above certification constitutes a "self-certification" pursuant to Decree of the President of the Italian Republic No. 445 of 28 December 2000. False certifications are punishable by law.
You must read the following information before continuing.
The information contained in this segment of the website is not intended for, and must not be accessed or distributed or disseminated to persons resident or physically present in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Japan or any other jurisdiction in which it is unlawful to do so. The information also is not intended for, and must not be accessed or distributed or disseminated to persons resident or physically present in Italy who are not “qualified investors” (investitori qualificati), as defined in Article 2, letter e) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 (the “Prospectus Regulation”) pursuant to Article 1, fourth paragraph, letter a) of the Prospectus Regulation as implemented in Italy by Article 35, paragraph 1, letter d) of CONSOB regulation No. 20307 of February 15, 2018.
By clicking the button below labeled “I agree”, you are certifying that (A) if you are in the European Economic Area, you are a “Qualified Investor”; (B) you are not accessing this portion of the website from the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada or Japan; (C) if you are a resident or physically present in Italy, you are a qualified investor as defined under the Prospectus Regulation as implemented in Italy by Article 35, paragraph 1, letter d) of CONSOB regulation No. 20307 of February 15, 2018; and (D) you are not located in a jurisdiction where it is unlawful to access this portion of the website.
You acknowledge that the information and statements contained in the document you are accessing on this website speak only as of the date of such document (or such other date(s) specified therein), and such information and statements may become inaccurate, stale and/or out-of-date thereafter and should not be relied upon for any investment decision.
You acknowledge that the materials on this website that you are accessing are confidential and intended only for you and you agree you will not forward, reproduce, copy, download or publish any of such materials (electronically or otherwise) to any other person if this is not in accordance with the law.
You acknowledge that the access to information and documents contained on this portion of the website may be illegal in certain jurisdictions, and only certain categories of persons may be authorized to access this portion of the website. If you are not authorized to access the information and document contained on this portion of the website or you are not sure that you are permitted to view these materials, you should leave this portion of the website.
You acknowledge that no registration or approval has been obtained and Eni Gas e Luce S.p.A. società benefit and its affiliates assume no responsibility if there is a violation of applicable law and regulation by any person.
By clicking the button below labeled “I agree”, you are confirming that you have read and understood the disclaimer above.
If you cannot so confirm, you must exit this portion of the website
