v3.20.4

Document and Entity Information | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 shares
Document and Entity Information |
Entity Registrant Name | ENI SPA
Entity Central Index Key | 0001002242
Entity Filer Category | Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer | Yes
Entity Emerging Growth Company | false
Entity Shell Company | false
Entity Voluntary Filers | No
Entity Current Reporting Status | Yes
Amendment Flag | false
Document Type | 20-F
Document Period End Date | Dec. 31, 2020
Current Fiscal Year End Date | --12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus | 2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus | FY
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding | 3,605,594,848
Entity Interactive Data Current | Yes
Document Registration Statement | false
Document Annual Report | true
Document Transition Report | false
Document Shell Company Report | false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag | true

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v3.20.4

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Current assets |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | € 9,413 | € 5,994
Financial assets held for trading | 5,502 | 6,760
Other current financial assets | 254 | 384
Trade and other receivables | 10,926 | 12,873
Inventories | 3,893 | 4,734
Income tax receivables | 184 | 192
Other current assets | 2,686 | 3,972
Current assets | 32,858 | 34,909
Non-current assets |  |
Property, plant and equipment | 53,943 | 62,192
Right-of-use assets | 4,643 | 5,349
Intangible assets | 2,936 | 3,059
Inventory - Compulsory stock | 995 | 1,371
Equity-accounted investments | 6,749 | 9,035
Other investments | 957 | 929
Other non-current financial assets | 1,008 | 1,174
Deferred tax assets | 4,109 | 4,360
Income tax receivables | 153 | 173
Other non-current assets | 1,253 | 871
Non-current assets | 76,746 | 88,513
Assets held for sale | 44 | 18
TOTAL ASSETS | 109,648 | 123,440
Current liabilities |  |
Short-term debt | 2,882 | 2,452
Current portion of long-term debt | 1,909 | 3,156
Current portion of long-term lease liabilities | 849 | 889
Trade and other payables | 12,936 | 15,545
Income tax payables | 243 | 456
Other current liabilities | 4,872 | 7,146
Current liabilities | 23,691 | 29,644
Non-current liabilities |  |
Long-term debt | 21,895 | 18,910
Long-term lease liabilities | 4,169 | 4,759
Provisions | 13,438 | 14,106
Provisions for employee benefits | 1,201 | 1,136
Deferred tax liabilities | 5,524 | 4,920
Income tax payables | 360 | 454
Other non-current liabilities | 1,877 | 1,611
Non-current liabilities | 48,464 | 45,896
TOTAL LIABILITIES | 72,155 | 75,540
EQUITY |  |
Share capital | 4,005 | 4,005
Retained earnings | 34,043 | 35,894
Cumulative currency translation differences | 3,895 | 7,209
Other reserves and equity instruments | 4,688 | 1,564
Treasury shares | (581) | (981)
Profit (loss) | (8,635) | 148
Equity attributable to equity holders of Eni | 37,415 | 47,839
Non-controlling interest | 78 | 61
TOTAL EQUITY | 37,493 | 47,900
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | 109,648 | 123,440
Related parties |  |
Current assets |  |
Other current financial assets | 41 | 60
Trade and other receivables | 802 | 704
Other current assets | 145 | 219
Non-current assets |  |
Other non-current financial assets | 766 | 911
Other non-current assets | 74 | 181
Current liabilities |  |
Short-term debt | 52 | 46
Current portion of long-term lease liabilities | 54 | 5
Trade and other payables | 2,100 | 2,663
Other current liabilities | 452 | 155
Non-current liabilities |  |
Long-term lease liabilities | 112 | 8
Other non-current liabilities | € 23 | € 23

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v3.20.4

CONSOLIDATED PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Statement |  |  |
Sales from operations | € 43,987 | € 69,881 | € 75,822
Other income and revenues | 960 | 1,160 | 1,116
REVENUES AND OTHER INCOME | 44,947 | 71,041 | 76,938
Purchases, services and other | (33,551) | (50,874) | (55,622)
Net (impairment losses) reversals of trade and other receivables | (226) | (432) | (415)
Payroll and related costs | (2,863) | (2,996) | (3,093)
Other operating income (expense) | (766) | 287 | 129
Depreciation and amortization | (7,304) | (8,106) | (6,988)
Net (impairment losses) reversals of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets | (3,183) | (2,188) | (866)
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets | (329) | (300) | (100)
OPERATING PROFIT (LOSS) | (3,275) | 6,432 | 9,983
Finance income | 3,531 | 3,087 | 3,967
Finance expense | (4,958) | (4,079) | (4,663)
Net finance income (expense) from financial assets held for trading | 31 | 127 | 32
Derivative financial instruments | 351 | (14) | (307)
FINANCE INCOME (EXPENSE) | (1,045) | (879) | (971)
Share of profit (loss) from equity-accounted investments | (1,733) | (88) | (68)
Other gain (loss) from investments | 75 | 281 | 1,163
INCOME (EXPENSE) FROM INVESTMENTS | (1,658) | 193 | 1,095
PROFIT (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES | (5,978) | 5,746 | 10,107
Income taxes | (2,650) | (5,591) | (5,970)
PROFIT (LOSS) | (8,628) | 155 | 4,137
Attributable to Eni | (8,635) | 148 | 4,126
Attributable to non-controlling interest | € 7 | € 7 | € 11
Earnings per share ( per share) |  |  |
Basic | € (2.42) | € 0.04 | € 1.15
Diluted | € (2.42) | € 0.04 | € 1.15
Related parties |  |  |
Statement |  |  |
Sales from operations | € 1,164 | € 1,248 | € 1,383
Other income and revenues | 35 | 4 | 8
Purchases, services and other | (6,595) | (9,173) | (8,009)
Net (impairment losses) reversals of trade and other receivables | (6) | 28 | 26
Payroll and related costs | (36) | (28) | (22)
Other operating income (expense) | 13 | 19 | 319
Finance income | 114 | 96 | 115
Finance expense | € (26) | € (36) | € (283)

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v3.20.4

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME |  |  |
Profit (loss) | € (8,628) | € 155 | € 4,137
Items that are not reclassified to profit or loss in later periods |  |  |
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans | (16) | (42) | (15)
Share of other comprehensive income (loss) on equity-accounted investments |  | (7) |
Change of minor investments measured at fair value with effects to other comprehensive income | 24 | (3) | 15
Tax effect | 25 | 5 | (2)
Other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified to profit or loss, net of tax | 33 | (47) | (2)
Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss in later periods |  |  |
Currency translation differences | (3,314) | 604 | 1,787
Change in the fair value of cash flow hedging derivatives | 661 | (679) | (243)
Share of other comprehensive income (loss) on equity-accounted investments | 32 | (6) | (24)
Tax effect | (192) | 197 | 58
Other comprehensive income that will be reclassified to profit or loss, net of tax | (2,813) | 116 | 1,578
Total other items of comprehensive income (loss) | (2,780) | 69 | 1,576
Total comprehensive income (loss) | (11,408) | 224 | 5,713
Attributable to Eni | (11,415) | 217 | 5,702
Attributable to non-controlling interest | € 7 | € 7 | € 11

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v3.20.4

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY - EUR (€) € in Millions | Share capital | Retained earnings | Cumulative currency translation differences | Other reserves and equity instruments | Treasury shares | Net profit (loss) for the year | Total | Non-controlling interests | Total
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017 | € 4,005 | € 34,525 | € 4,818 | € 1,889 | € (581) | € 3,374 | € 48,030 | € 49 | € 48,079
Changes in accounting policies at Dec. 31, 2017 |  | 245 |  |  |  |  | 245 |  | 245
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017 | 4,005 | 34,770 | 4,818 | 1,889 | (581) | 3,374 | 48,275 | 49 | 48,324
Statement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit (loss) for the year |  |  |  |  |  | 4,126 | 4,126 | 11 | 4,137
Items that are not reclassified to profit or loss in later periods |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans net of tax effect |  |  |  | (17) |  |  | (17) |  | (17)
Change of minor investments measured at fair value with effects to OCI |  |  |  | 15 |  |  | 15 |  | 15
Other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified to profit or loss, net of tax |  |  |  | (2) |  |  | (2) |  | (2)
Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss in later periods |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency translation differences |  |  | 1,787 |  |  |  | 1,787 |  | 1,787
Change in the fair value of cash flow hedge derivatives net of tax effect |  |  |  | (185) |  |  | (185) |  | (185)
Share of "Other comprehensive income (loss)" on equity-accounted investments |  |  |  | (24) |  |  | (24) |  | (24)
Other comprehensive income that will be reclassified to profit or loss, net of tax |  |  | 1,787 | (209) |  |  | 1,578 |  | 1,578
Total comprehensive income (loss) of the year |  |  | 1,787 | (211) |  | 4,126 | 5,702 | 11 | 5,713
Dividend distribution of Eni SpA |  | 1,441 |  |  |  | (2,881) | (1,440) |  | (1,440)
Interim dividend distribution of Eni SpA |  | (1,513) |  |  |  |  | (1,513) |  | (1,513)
Dividend distribution of other companies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3) | (3)
Allocation of net income (loss) |  | 493 |  |  |  | (493) |  |  |
Transactions with holders of equity instruments |  | 421 |  |  |  | (3,374) | (2,953) | (3) | (2,956)
Other changes in equity |  | (2) |  | (6) |  |  | (8) |  | (8)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018 | 4,005 | 35,189 | 6,605 | 1,672 | (581) | 4,126 | 51,016 | 57 | 51,073
Changes in accounting policies at Dec. 31, 2018 |  | (4) |  |  |  |  | (4) |  | (4)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018 | 4,005 | 35,185 | 6,605 | 1,672 | (581) | 4,126 | 51,012 | 57 | 51,069
Statement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit (loss) for the year |  |  |  |  |  | 148 | 148 | 7 | 155
Items that are not reclassified to profit or loss in later periods |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans net of tax effect |  |  |  | (37) |  |  | (37) |  | (37)
Share of "Other comprehensive income (loss)" on equity-accounted investments related to benefit plans remeasurements |  |  |  | (7) |  |  | (7) |  | (7)
Change of minor investments measured at fair value with effects to OCI |  |  |  | (3) |  |  | (3) |  | (3)
Other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified to profit or loss, net of tax |  |  |  | (47) |  |  | (47) |  | (47)
Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss in later periods |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency translation differences |  |  | 604 |  |  |  | 604 |  | 604
Change in the fair value of cash flow hedge derivatives net of tax effect |  |  |  | (482) |  |  | (482) |  | (482)
Share of "Other comprehensive income (loss)" on equity-accounted investments |  |  |  | (6) |  |  | (6) |  | (6)
Other comprehensive income that will be reclassified to profit or loss, net of tax |  |  | 604 | (488) |  |  | 116 |  | 116
Total comprehensive income (loss) of the year |  |  | 604 | (535) |  | 148 | 217 | 7 | 224
Dividend distribution of Eni SpA |  | 1,513 |  |  |  | (2,989) | (1,476) |  | (1,476)
Interim dividend distribution of Eni SpA |  | (1,542) |  |  |  |  | (1,542) |  | (1,542)
Dividend distribution of other companies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4) | (4)
Allocation of net income (loss) |  | 1,137 |  |  |  | (1,137) |  |  |
Reimbursements to minority shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1) | (1)
Acquisition of treasury shares |  | (400) |  | 400 | (400) |  | (400) |  | (400)
Transactions with holders of equity instruments |  | 708 |  | 400 | (400) | (4,126) | (3,418) | (5) | (3,423)
Other changes in equity |  | 1 |  | 27 |  |  | 28 | 2 | 30
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019 | 4,005 | 35,894 | 7,209 | 1,564 | (981) | 148 | 47,839 | 61 | 47,900
Statement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit (loss) for the year |  |  |  |  |  | (8,635) | (8,635) | 7 | (8,628)
Items that are not reclassified to profit or loss in later periods |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans net of tax effect |  |  |  | 9 |  |  | 9 |  | 9
Change of minor investments measured at fair value with effects to OCI |  |  |  | 24 |  |  | 24 |  | 24
Other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified to profit or loss, net of tax |  |  |  | 33 |  |  | 33 |  | 33
Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss in later periods |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency translation differences |  |  | (3,313) | (1) |  |  | (3,314) |  | (3,314)
Change in the fair value of cash flow hedge derivatives net of tax effect |  |  |  | 469 |  |  | 469 |  | 469
Share of "Other comprehensive income (loss)" on equity-accounted investments |  |  |  | 32 |  |  | 32 |  | 32
Other comprehensive income that will be reclassified to profit or loss, net of tax |  |  | (3,313) | 500 |  |  | (2,813) |  | (2,813)
Total comprehensive income (loss) of the year |  |  | (3,313) | 533 |  | (8,635) | (11,415) | 7 | (11,408)
Dividend distribution of Eni SpA |  | 1,542 |  |  |  | (3,078) | (1,536) |  | (1,536)
Interim dividend distribution of Eni SpA |  | (429) |  |  |  |  | (429) |  | (429)
Dividend distribution of other companies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3) | (3)
Allocation of net income (loss) |  | (2,930) |  |  |  | 2,930 |  |  |
Cancellation of treasury shares |  |  |  | (400) | 400 |  |  |  |
Increase in non-controlling interest relating to acquisition of consolidated entities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15 | 15
Issue of perpetual subordinated bonds |  |  |  | 3,000 |  |  | 3,000 |  | 3,000
Transactions with holders of equity instruments |  | (1,817) |  | 2,600 | 400 | (148) | 1,035 | 12 | 1,047
Costs for the issue of perpetual subordinated bonds |  | (25) |  |  |  |  | (25) |  | (25)
Other changes |  | (9) | (1) | (9) |  |  | (19) | (2) | (21)
Other changes in equity |  | (34) | (1) | (9) |  |  | (44) | (2) | (46)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020 | € 4,005 | € 34,043 | € 3,895 | € 4,688 | € (581) | € (8,635) | € 37,415 | € 78 | € 37,493

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v3.20.4

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Statement |  |  |
Profit (loss) | € (8,628) | € 155 | € 4,137
Adjustments to reconcile profit (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 7,304 | 8,106 | 6,988
Net Impairments (reversals) of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets | 3,183 | 2,188 | 866
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets | 329 | 300 | 100
Share of (profit) loss of equity-accounted investments | 1,733 | 88 | 68
Net gain on disposal of assets | (9) | (170) | (474)
Dividend income | (150) | (247) | (231)
Interest income | (126) | (147) | (185)
Interest expense | 877 | 1,027 | 614
Income taxes | 2,650 | 5,591 | 5,970
Other changes | 92 | (179) | (474)
Cash flow from changes in working capital | (18) | 366 | 1,632
- inventories | 1,054 | (200) | 15
- trade receivables | 1,316 | 1,023 | 334
- trade payables | (1,614) | (940) | 642
- provisions | (1,056) | 272 | (238)
- other assets and liabilities | 282 | 211 | 879
Net change in the provisions for employee benefits |  | (23) | 109
Dividends received | 509 | 1,346 | 275
Interest received | 53 | 88 | 87
Interest paid | (928) | (1,029) | (609)
Income taxes paid, net of tax receivables received | (2,049) | (5,068) | (5,226)
Net cash provided by operating activities | 4,822 | 12,392 | 13,647
Cash flow from investing activities | (5,959) | (11,928) | (9,321)
- tangible assets | (4,407) | (8,049) | (8,778)
- prepaid right-of-use assets |  | (16) |
- intangible assets | (237) | (311) | (341)
- consolidated subsidiaries and businesses net of cash and cash equivalent acquired | (109) | (5) | (119)
- investments | (283) | (3,003) | (125)
- securities and financing receivables held for operating purposes | (166) | (237) | (366)
- change in payables in relation to investing activities | (757) | (307) | 408
Cash flow from disposals | 216 | 794 | 2,142
- tangible assets | 12 | 264 | 1,089
- intangible assets |  | 17 | 5
- consolidated subsidiaries and businesses net of cash and cash equivalent disposed of |  | 187 | (47)
- tax on disposals |  | (3) |
- investments | 16 | 39 | 195
- securities and financing receivables held for operating purposes | 136 | 195 | 294
- change in receivables in relation to disposals | 52 | 95 | 606
Net change in securities and financing receivables held for non-operating purposes | 1,156 | (279) | (357)
Net cash used in investing activities | (4,587) | (11,413) | (7,536)
Increase in long-term financial debt | 5,278 | 1,811 | 3,790
Repayments of long-term financial debt | (3,100) | (3,512) | (2,757)
Payments of lease liabilities | (869) | (877) |
Increase (decrease) in short-term financial debt | 937 | 161 | (713)
Dividends paid to Eni's shareholders | (1,965) | (3,018) | (2,954)
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest | (3) | (4) | (3)
Reimbursements to non-controlling interest |  | (1) |
Acquisition of additional interests in consolidated subsidiaries |  | (1) |
Acquisition of treasury shares |  | (400) |
Issue of perpetual subordinated bonds | 2,975 |  |
Net cash used in financing activities | 3,253 | (5,841) | (2,637)
Effect of exchange rate changes and other changes on cash and cash equivalents | (69) | 1 | 18
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 3,419 | (4,861) | 3,492
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of the year | 5,994 | 10,855 | 7,363
Cash and cash equivalents - end of the year | 9,413 | 5,994 | 10,855
Related parties |  |  |
Adjustments to reconcile profit (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |
Net cash provided by operating activities | (4,640) | (6,356) | (2,707)
Net cash used in investing activities | (1,372) | (2,912) | (3,314)
Net cash used in financing activities | € 164 | € (817) | € 16

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- Definition Adjustments for increase (decrease) in trade accounts payable to reconcile profit (loss) to net cash flow from (used in) operating activities. [Refer: Profit (loss)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 20 -Subparagraph a -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_20_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition Adjustments for interest expense to reconcile profit (loss) to net cash flow from (used in) operating activities. [Refer: Interest expense; Profit (loss)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 20 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_20&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The amount of cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows when different from the amount of cash and cash equivalents in the statement of financial position. [Refer: Cash and cash equivalents] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 45 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_45&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The aggregate cash flows arising from losing control of subsidiaries or other businesses, classified as investing activities. [Refer: Subsidiaries [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 39 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_39&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The cash flows from (used in) financing activities, which are activities that result in changes in the size and composition of the contributed equity and borrowings of the entity. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 10 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_10&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 50 -Subparagraph d -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_50_d&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The cash flows from (used in) investing activities, which are the acquisition and disposal of long-term assets and other investments not included in cash equivalents. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 10 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_10&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 50 -Subparagraph d -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_50_d&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The cash outflow for dividends paid to equity holders of the parent, classified as financing activities. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 17 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_17&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The cash outflow for dividends paid to non-controlling interests, classified as financing activities. [Refer: Non-controlling interests; Dividends paid to non-controlling interests] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 17 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_17&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The cash inflow from dividends received, classified as operating activities. [Refer: Dividends received] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 31 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_31&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The cash flows from income taxes paid or refunded, classified as investing activities. [Refer: Income taxes paid (refund)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 35 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_35&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 14 -Subparagraph f -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_14_f&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents. [Refer: Cash and cash equivalents] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 45 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_45&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The cash outflow for changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in a loss of control. [Refer: Subsidiaries [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 42A -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_42A&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 42B -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_42B&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The cash outflow for payment of lease liabilities, classified as financing activities. [Refer: Lease liabilities] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph e -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_17_e&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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- Definition The cash inflow from sales of intangible assets, classified as investing activities. [Refer: Intangible assets other than goodwill] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Name IAS -Number 7 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 16 -Subparagraph b -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=7&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_16_b&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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v3.20.4

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic |
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic | Impact of COVID-19 pandemic The trading environment in 2020 saw a material reduction in the global demand for crude oil driven by the lockdown measures implemented worldwide to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic causing a sharp contraction in economic activity, international commerce and travel, mainly during the peak of the crisis in the first and second quarter of 2020. The shock in the hydrocarbon demand occurred against the backdrop of a structurally oversupplied oil market, as highlighted by the disagreements among OPEC+ members on the response to be adopted to manage the crisis in early March 2020. The producing countries of the cartel decided against maintaining the existing quotas and as a result the market was inundated with production while demand was crumbling. Those developments led to a collapse in commodity prices. At the peak of the downturn, between March and April, the Brent marker price fell to about 15 $/barrel, the lowest level in over twenty years. The oversupply drove oil markets into contango, a situation when prices per prompt delivery quote below prices for future deliveries, while both land and floating storages reached the highest technical filling levels. Since May, oil prices have been staging a turnaround thanks to an agreement reached within OPEC+ which implemented production cuts and an ongoing recovery in the world economy and oil consumption following an ease to restrictive measures, which were driven in large part by a strong rebound of activity in China. Brent prices recovered to almost 45 $/barrel in the summer months. However, during the autumn months the macroeconomic rebound hit a standstill in the USA and in Europe due to a continuous recrudescence in virus cases, which forced the governments and local authorities in those countries to reinstate partial or full lockdowns and other restrictive measures that weighted heavily on oil and products demands as millions of people continued living stranded. In this period, crude oil prices were supported by strict production discipline on part of OPEC+ members and the market was able to accommodate the return of Libya’s production by the end of September. Barometer of the weakness of the fundamentals in the energy sector in the third quarter was the trend in the refining margins which dropped into negative territory due to weak demand for fuels and the crisis in the airline sector, which prevented refiners from passing the cost of the crude oil feedstock to the final prices of products. To make things worse, OPEC+ production cuts impacted the availability of medium-heavy crudes, narrowing the price differentials with light-medium qualities like the Brent crude and squeezing the refiners’ conversion advantage. However, since mid-November a few market and macroeconomic developments triggered a rally in oil prices, which reached 50 $/bbl at the end of the year rebounding from the still depressed level of October and then rose to an average of over 60 $/barrel in the first quarter of 2021. In 2020 due to the macroeconomic and market developments caused by the COVID-19 pandemic the price of the Brent benchmark crude oil prices decreased by 35% compared to the previous year, with an annual average of 42 $/barrel, the price of natural gas at the Italian spot market “PSV” declined on average by 35%, and the Standard Eni Refining Margin – SERM decreased by 60%. Considering the market trends, management revised the Company’s outlook for hydrocarbons prices assuming a more conservative oil scenario with a Long Term Brent price at 60 $/barrel in 2023 real terms (compared to the previous projection of 70 $/barrel) to reflect the possible structural effects of the pandemic on oil demand and the risk that the energy transition will accelerate due to the fiscal policies adopted by governments to rebuild the economy on more sustainable basis. These developments had negative, material effects on Eni’s results of operations and cash flow. In 2020, Eni reported a net loss of €8.6 billion due to the reduction in revenues driven by lower realized prices and margins for hydrocarbons with an estimated impact of €6.8 billion and lower production volumes and other business impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic for €1 billion, as well as the recognition of impairment losses of €3.2 billion taken at oil&gas assets and refineries due to a revised management’s outlook on long-term oil and gas prices and lowered assumptions for the refining margins. A loss of approximately €1.3 billion was incurred in relation to the evaluation of inventories of oil and products, which were aligned to their net realizable values at period end, and a €1.7 billion loss taken at equity-accounted investments. All these trends caused the Group to incur an operating loss of €3.3 billion. These effects were partially offset by cost efficiencies and other management initiatives to counter the effects of the pandemic. Furthermore, the Group net loss for the year was also affected for €1.3 billion by the write-down of deferred tax assets. Net cash provided by operating activities declined to €4.8 billion with a reduction of 61% compared to 2019, due to lower prices of hydrocarbons and other scenario effects for €6 billion and the negative impact on operations associated with the COVID-19 for €1.3 billion attributable to reduced expenditures, lower demand for fuel and chemicals, longer maintenance standstills in response to the COVID-19 emergency, lower LNG offtakes and lower gas demand and higher provisions for impairment losses at trade receivables. These negative impacts were partially offset by cost savings and other initiatives in response to the pandemic crisis. In order to respond to this large-scale shortfall, management has taken several decisive actions to preserve the Company’s liquidity, the ability to cover maturing financial obligations and to mitigate the impact of the crisis on the Group’s net financial position, as follows:
| · |  | In 2020 Eni reduced capital expenditures by a significant amount. Those capex reductions mainly related to upstream activities, targeting production optimization activities and the rephasing of certain development projects. The delayed or re-phased activities can be restarted quickly in normal conditions, determining a recovery of related production.
| · |  | Implemented widespread cost reduction initiatives across all businesses resulting in significant cost savings.
| · |  | In May 2020, a €2 billion bond was issued. Then, in October two hybrid bonds were issued for a total amount of €3 billion; those latter bonds are classified among equity for balance sheet purposes.
| · |  | A share repurchase program approved before the start of the crisis was put on hold.
| · |  | Established a new dividend policy with the introduction of a variable component of the dividend in line with the volatility of the scenario. The new policy establishes a floor dividend currently set at 0.36 €/share under the assumption of a Brent scenario of at least 43 $/barrel and a growing variable component based on a recovery in the crude oil scenario. The floor amount will be revalued over time depending on the Company delivering on its industrial targets. For 2020, the dividend proposal is equal to the floor dividend.
The Company limited the increase in net borrowings before IFRS 16 which closed the year at €11.6 billion (unchanged over 2019), while retaining leverage at 0.31. The Company can count to fulfill the financial obligations coming due in the next future on a liquidity reserve of €20.4 billion as of December 31, 2020, consisting of:
| · |  | cash and cash equivalents of €9.4 billion;
| · |  | €5.3 billion of undrawn committed borrowing facilities;
| · |  | €5.5 billion of readily disposable securities (mainly government bonds and corporate investment grade bond) and €0.2 billion of short-term financing receivables.
This reserve is considered adequate to cover the main financial obligations maturing in the next twelve months relating to:
| · |  | short-term debt of €2.9 billion;
| · |  | maturing bonds of €1.1 billion and other maturing long-term debt of €1.1 billion
| · |  | committed investments of €4.3 billion;
| · |  | instalments of leasing contracts coming due of €1.1 billion
| · |  | the payment of a floor dividend for approximately €1.5 billion (including the final 2020 dividend and the interim floor dividend for 2021 due to paid in September).

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v3.20.4

Significant accounting policies, estimates and judgements | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Significant accounting policies, estimates and judgements |
Significant accounting policies, estimates and judgements | 1 Significant accounting policies, estimates and judgements Basis of preparation The Consolidated Financial Statements of Eni SpA and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as Eni or the Group) have been prepared on a going concern 1 basis in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)2 as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, taking into account, where appropriate, value adjustments, except for certain items that under IFRSs must be measured at fair value as described in the accounting policies that follow. The principles of consolidation and the significant accounting policies that follow have been consistently applied to all years presented, except where otherwise indicated. The 2020 Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report on Form 20‑F, approved by the Eni’s Board of Directors on April 1, 2021, were audited by the external auditor PricewaterhouseCoopers SpA. The external auditor of Eni SpA, as the main external auditor, is wholly in charge of the auditing activities of the Consolidated Financial Statements; when there are other external auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers SpA takes the responsibility of their work. The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in euros and all values are rounded to the nearest million euros (€ million), except where otherwise indicated. 1 With reference to the impacts of COVID-19, see information provided in the previous paragraph. 2 IFRSs include also International Accounting Standards (IAS), currently effective, as well as the interpretations developed by the IFRS Interpretations Committee, previously named International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) and initially Standing Interpretations Committee (SIC). Significant accounting estimates and judgements The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses recognised in the financial statements, as well as amounts included in the notes thereto, including disclosure of contingent assets and contingent liabilities. Estimates made are based on complex judgements and past experience of other assumptions deemed reasonable in consideration of the information available at the time. The accounting policies and areas that require the most significant judgements and estimates to be used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements are in relation to the accounting for oil and natural gas activities, specifically in the determination of reserves, impairment of financial and non-financial assets, leases, decommissioning and restoration liabilities, environmental liabilities, business combinations, employee benefits, revenue from contracts with customers, fair value measurements and income taxes. Although the Company uses its best estimates and judgements, actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions used. The accounting estimates and judgements relevant for the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statement are described below. Principles of consolidation Subsidiaries The Consolidated Financial Statements comprise the financial statements of the parent Company Eni SpA and those of its subsidiaries, being those entities over which the Company has control, either directly or indirectly, through exposure or rights to their variable returns and the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investees. To have power over an investee, the investor must have existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee, i.e. the activities that significantly affect the investee’s returns. Subsidiaries are consolidated, on the basis of consistent accounting policies, from the date on which control is obtained until the date that control ceases. Assets, liabilities, income and expenses of consolidated subsidiaries are fully recognised with those of the parent in the Consolidated Financial Statements, taking into account the appropriate eliminations of intragroup transactions (see the accounting policy for “Intragroup transactions”); the parent’s investment in each subsidiary is eliminated against the corresponding parent’s portion of equity of each subsidiary. Non-controlling interests are presented separately on the balance sheet within equity; the profit or loss and comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests are presented in specific line items, respectively, in the profit and loss account and in the statement of comprehensive income. The Consolidated Financial Statements do not consolidate: (i) some subsidiaries being immaterial, either individually or in the aggregate; (ii) companies whose consolidation does not produce material impacts, that are subsidiaries acting as sole-operator in the management of oil and gas contracts on behalf of companies participating in a joint project. In the latter case, the activities are financed proportionally based on a budget approved by the participating companies upon presentation of periodical reports of proceeds and expenses. Costs and revenue and other operating data (production, reserves, etc.) of the project, as well as the related obligations arising from the project, are recognised directly in the financial statements of the companies involved based on their own share. The abovementioned exclusions do not produce material 3 impacts on the Consolidated Financial Statements 4. When the proportion of the equity held by non-controlling interests changes, any difference between the consideration paid/received and the amount by which the related non-controlling interests are adjusted is attributed to Eni owners’ equity. Conversely, the sale of equity interests with loss of control determines the recognition in the profit and loss account of: (i) any gain or loss calculated as the difference between the consideration received and the corresponding transferred net assets; (ii) any gain or loss recognised as a result of the remeasurement of any investment retained in the former subsidiary at its fair value; and (iii) any amount related to the former subsidiary previously recognised in other comprehensive income which may be reclassified subsequently to the profit and loss account 5. Any investment retained in the former subsidiary is recognised at its fair value at the date when control is lost and shall be accounted for in accordance with the applicable measurement criteria. 3 According to IFRSs, information is material if omitting, misstating or obscuring it could reasonably be expected to influence decisions that the primary users of general purpose financial statements make on the basis of those financial statements. 4 Unconsolidated subsidiaries are accounted for as described in the accounting policy for “The equity method of accounting”. 5 Conversely, any amount related to the former subsidiary previously recognised in other comprehensive income, which may not be reclassified subsequently to the profit and loss account, are reclassified in another item of equity. Interests in joint arrangements Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the arrangement. Investments in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method as described in the accounting policy for “The equity method of accounting”. A joint operation is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have enforceable rights to the assets, and enforceable obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement; in the Consolidated Financial Statements, Eni recognises its share of the assets/liabilities and revenue/expenses of joint operations on the basis of its rights and obligations relating to the arrangements. After the initial recognition, the assets/liabilities and revenue/expenses of the joint operations are measured in accordance with the applicable measurement criteria. Immaterial joint operations structured through a separate vehicle are accounted for using the equity method or, if this does not result in a misrepresentation of the Company’s financial position and performance, at cost net of any impairment losses. Investments in associates An associate is an entity over which Eni has significant influence, that is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee, but is not control or joint control of those policies. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method as described in the accounting policy for “The equity method of accounting”. Consolidated companies’ financial statements are audited by external auditors who also audit the information required for the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements. The equity method of accounting Investments in joint ventures, associates and immaterial unconsolidated subsidiaries, are accounted for using the equity method.6 Under the equity method, investments are initially recognised at cost, allocating it, similarly to business combinations procedures, to the investee’s identifiable assets/liabilities; any excess of the cost of the investment over the share of the net fair value of the investee’s identifiable assets and liabilities is accounted for as goodwill, not separately recognised but included in the carrying amount of the investment. If this allocation is provisionally recognised at initial recognition, it can be retrospectively adjusted within one year from the date of initial recognition, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the date of initial recognition. Subsequently, the carrying amount is adjusted to reflect: (i) the investor’s share of the profit or loss of the investee after the date of acquisition, adjusted to account for depreciation, amortization and any impairment losses of the equity-accounted entity’s assets based on their fair values at the date of acquisition; and (ii) the investor’s share of the investee’s other comprehensive income. Distributions received from an equity-accounted investee reduce the carrying amount of the investment. In applying the equity method, consolidation adjustments are considered (see also the accounting policy for “Subsidiaries”). Losses arising from the application of the equity method in excess of the carrying amount of the investment, recognised in the profit and loss account within “Income (Expense) from investments”, reduce the carrying amount, net of the related expected credit losses (see below), of any financing receivables towards the investee for which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future (the so-called long-term interests), which are, in substance, an extension of the investment in the investee. The investor’s share of any losses of an equity-accounted investee that exceeds the carrying amount of the investment and any long-term interests (the so-called net investment), is recognised in a specific provision only to the extent that the investor has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the investee. Whenever there is objective evidence of impairment (e.g. relevant breaches of contracts, significant financial difficulty, probable default of the counterparty, etc.), the carrying amount of the net investment, resulting from the application of the abovementioned measurement criteria, is tested for impairment by comparing it with the related recoverable amount, determined by adopting the criteria indicated in the accounting policy for “Impairment of non-financial assets”. When an impairment loss no longer exists or has decreased, any reversal of the impairment loss is recognised in the profit and loss account within “Income (Expense) from investments”. The impairment reversal of the net investment shall not exceed the previously recognised impairment losses. The sale of equity interests with loss of joint control or significant influence over the investee determines the recognition in the profit and loss account of: (i) any gain or loss calculated as the difference between the consideration received and the corresponding transferred share; (ii) any gain or loss recognised as a result of the remeasurement of any investment retained in the former joint venture/associate at its fair value 7; and (iii) any amount related to the former joint venture/associate previously recognised in other comprehensive income which may be reclassified subsequently to the profit and loss account 8. Any investment retained in the former joint venture/associate is recognised at its fair value at the date when joint control or significant influence is lost and shall be accounted for in accordance with the applicable measurement criteria. 6 Joint ventures, associates and immaterial unconsolidated subsidiaries are accounted for at cost less any accumulated impairment losses, if this does not result in a misrepresentation of the Company's financial position and performance. 7 If the retained investment continues to be classified either as a joint venture or an associate and so accounted for using the equity method, no remeasurement at fair value is recognised in the profit and loss account. 8 Conversely, any amount related to the former joint venture/associate previously recognised in other comprehensive income, which may not be reclassified subsequently to the profit and loss account, are reclassified in another item of equity. Business combinations Business combinations are accounted for by applying the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is the sum of the acquisition-date fair value of the assets transferred, the liabilities incurred and the equity interests issued by the acquirer. The consideration transferred includes also the fair value of any assets or liabilities resulting from contingent considerations, contractually agreed and dependent upon the occurrence of specified future events. Acquisition-related costs are accounted for as expenses when incurred. The acquirer shall measure the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition-date fair values 9, unless another measurement basis is required by IFRSs. The excess of the consideration transferred over the Group’s share of the acquisition-date fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recognised, on the balance sheet, as goodwill; conversely, a gain on a bargain purchase is recognised in the profit and loss account. Any non-controlling interests are measured as the proportionate share in the recognised amounts of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets at the acquisition date excluding the portion of goodwill attributable to them (partial goodwill method).10 In a business combination achieved in stages, the purchase price is determined by summing the acquisition-date fair value of previously held equity interests in the acquiree and the consideration transferred for obtaining control; the previously held equity interests are remeasured at their acquisition-date fair value and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognised in the profit and loss account. Furthermore, on obtaining control, any amount recognised in other comprehensive income related to the previously held equity interests is reclassified to the profit and loss account, or in another item of equity when such amount may not be reclassified to the profit and loss account. If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the provisional amounts recognised at the acquisition date shall be retrospectively adjusted within one year from the acquisition date, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. The acquisition of interests in a joint operation whose activity constitutes a business is accounted for applying the principles on business combinations accounting. In this regard, if the entity obtains control over a business that was a joint operation, the previously held interest in the joint operation is remeasured at the acquisition-date fair value and the resulting gain or loss is recognized in the profit and loss account.11 9 Fair value measurement principles are described in the accounting policy for “Fair value measurements”. 10 As an alternative, IFRSs allow to use the full goodwill method, which leads to the portion of goodwill/badwill attributable to non-controlling interests being recognised; the choice of measurement basis for goodwill/badwill (partial goodwill method vs. full goodwill method) is made on a transaction-by-transaction basis. 11 If the entity acquires additional interests in a joint operation that is a business, while retaining joint control, the previously held interest in the joint operation is not remeasured. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: investments and business combinations The assessment of the existence of control, joint control, significant influence over an investee, as well as for joint operations, the assessment of the existence of enforceable rights to the investee’s assets and enforceable obligations for the investee’s liabilities imply that the management makes complex judgements on the basis of the characteristics of the investee’s structure, arrangements between parties and other relevant facts and circumstances. Significant accounting estimates by management are required also for measuring the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed in a business combination at their acquisition-date fair values. For such measurement, to be performed also for the application of the equity method, Eni adopts the valuation techniques generally used by market participants taking into account the available information; for the most significant business combinations, Eni engages external independent evaluators. Intragroup transactions All balances and transactions between consolidated companies, and not yet realised with third parties, including unrealised profits arising from such transactions have been eliminated. Unrealised profits arising from transactions between the Group and its equity-accounted entities are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the equity-accounted entity. In both cases, unrealised losses are not eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment loss of the asset transferred. Foreign currency translation The financial statements of foreign operations having a functional currency other than the euro, that represents the parent’s functional currency, are translated into euros using the spot exchange rates on the balance sheet date for assets and liabilities, historical exchange rates for equity and average exchange rates for the profit and loss account and the statement of cash flows. The cumulative resulting exchange differences are presented in the separate component of Eni owners’ equity “Cumulative currency translation differences”12. Cumulative amount of exchange differences relating to a foreign operation are reclassified to the profit and loss account when the entity disposes the entire interest in that foreign operation or when the partial disposal involves the loss of control, joint control or significant influence over the foreign operation. On a partial disposal that does not involve loss of control of a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, the proportionate share of the cumulative exchange differences is reattributed to the non-controlling interests in that foreign operation. On a partial disposal of interests in joint arrangements or in associates that does not involve loss of joint control or significant influence, the proportionate share of the cumulative exchange differences is reclassified to the profit and loss account. The repayment of share capital made by a subsidiary having a functional currency other than the euro, without a change in the ownership interest, implies that the proportionate share of the cumulative amount of exchange differences relating to the subsidiary is reclassified to the profit and loss account. The financial statements of foreign operations which are translated into euros are denominated in the foreign operations’ functional currencies which generally is the U.S. dollar. The main foreign exchange rates used to translate the financial statements into the parent’s functional currency are indicated below:
|  | Annual |  | Exchange |  | Annual |  | Exchange |  | Annual |  | Exchange
|  | average |  | rate at |  | average |  | rate at |  | average |  | rate at
|  | exchange rate |  | December 31, |  | exchange rate |  | December 31, |  | exchange rate |  | December 31,
(currency amount for 1 €) |  | 2020 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2018
U.S. Dollar |  | 1.14 |  | 1.23 |  | 1.12 |  | 1.12 |  | 1.18 |  | 1.15
Pound Sterling |  | 0.89 |  | 0.90 |  | 0.88 |  | 0.85 |  | 0.88 |  | 0.89
Australian Dollar |  | 1.66 |  | 1.59 |  | 1.61 |  | 1.60 |  | 1.58 |  | 1.62
12 When the foreign subsidiary is partially owned, the cumulative exchange difference, that is attributable to the non-controlling interests, is allocated to and recognised as part of “Non-controlling interest”. Significant accounting policies The most significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements are described below. Oil and natural gas exploration, appraisal, development and production activities Oil and natural gas exploration, appraisal and development activities are accounted for using the principles of the successful efforts method of accounting as described below. Acquisition of exploration rights Costs incurred for the acquisition of exploration rights (or their extension) are initially capitalised within the line item “Intangible assets” as “exploration rights — unproved” pending determination of whether the exploration and appraisal activities in the reference areas are successful or not. Unproved exploration rights are not amortised, but reviewed to confirm that there is no indication that the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount. This review is based on the confirmation of the commitment of the Company to continue the exploration activities and on the analysis of facts and circumstances that indicate the absence of uncertainties related to the recoverability of the carrying amount. If no future activity is planned, the carrying amount of the related exploration rights is recognised in the profit and loss account as write-off. Lower value exploration rights are pooled and amortised on a straight-line basis over the estimated period of exploration. In the event of a discovery of proved reserves (i.e. upon recognition of proved reserves and internal approval for development), the carrying amount of the related unproved exploration rights is reclassified to “proved exploration rights”, within the line item “Intangible assets”. Upon reclassification, as well as whether there is any indication of impairment, the carrying amount of exploration rights to reclassify as proved is tested for impairment considering the higher of their value in use and their fair value less costs of disposal. From the commencement of production, proved exploration rights are amortised according to the unit of production method (the so-called UOP method, described in the accounting policy for “UOP depreciation, depletion and amortisation”). Acquisition of mineral interests Costs incurred for the acquisition of mineral interests are capitalised in connection with the assets acquired (such as exploration potential, possible and probable reserves and proved reserves). When the acquisition is related to a set of exploration potential and reserves, the cost is allocated to the different assets acquired based on their expected discounted cash flows. Acquired exploration potential is measured in accordance with the criteria illustrated in the accounting policy for “Acquisition of exploration rights”. Costs associated with proved reserves are amortised according to the UOP method (see the accounting policy for “UOP depreciation, depletion and amortisation”). Expenditure associated with possible and probable reserves (unproved mineral interests) is not amortised until classified as proved reserves; in case of a negative result of the subsequent appraisal activities, it is written off. Exploration and appraisal expenditure Geological and geophysical exploration costs are recognised as an expense as incurred. Costs directly associated with an exploration well are initially recognised within tangible assets in progress, as “exploration and appraisal costs — unproved” (exploration wells in progress) until the drilling of the well is completed and can continue to be capitalised in the following 12‑month period pending the evaluation of drilling results (suspended exploration wells). If, at the end of this period, it is ascertained that the result is negative (no hydrocarbon found) or that the discovery is not sufficiently significant to justify the development, the wells are declared dry/unsuccessful and the related costs are written-off. Conversely, these costs continue to be capitalised if and until: (i) the well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify its completion as a producing well, and (ii) the entity is making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project; on the contrary, the capitalised costs are recognised in the profit and loss account as write-off. Analogous recognition criteria are adopted for the costs related to the appraisal activity. When proved reserves of oil and/or natural gas are determined, the relevant expenditure recognised as unproved is reclassified to proved exploration and appraisal costs within tangible assets in progress. Upon reclassification, or when there is any indication of impairment, the carrying amount of the costs to reclassify as proved is tested for impairment considering the higher of their value in use and their fair value less costs of disposal. From the commencement of production, proved exploration and appraisal costs are depreciated according to the UOP method (see the accounting policy for “UOP depreciation, depletion and amortisation”). Development expenditure Development expenditure, including the costs related to unsuccessful and damaged development wells, are capitalised as “Tangible asset in progress — proved”. Development costs are incurred to obtain access to proved reserves and to provide facilities for extracting, treating, gathering and storing the oil and gas. They are amortised, from the commencement of production, generally on a UOP basis. When development projects are unfeasible/not carried on, the related costs are written off when it is decided to abandon the project. Development costs are tested for impairment in accordance with the criteria described in the accounting policy for “Property, plant and equipment”. UOP depreciation, depletion and amortisation Proved oil and gas assets are depreciated generally under the UOP method, as their useful life is closely related to the availability of proved oil and gas reserves, by applying, to the depreciable amounts at the end of each quarter a rate representing the ratio between the volumes extracted during the quarter and the reserves existing at the end of the quarter, increased by the volumes extracted during the quarter. This method is applied with reference to the smallest aggregate representing a direct correlation between expenditures to be depreciated and oil and gas reserves. Proved exploration rights and acquired proved mineral interests are amortised over proved reserves; proved exploration and appraisal costs and development expenditure are depreciated over proved developed reserves, while common facilities are depreciated over total proved reserves. Proved reserves are determined according to U.S. SEC rules that require the use of the yearly average oil and gas prices for assessing the economic producibility; material changes in reference prices could result in depreciation charges not reflecting the pattern in which the assets’ future economic benefits are expected to be consumed to the extent that, for example, certain non-current assets would be fully depreciated within a short term. In these cases the reserves considered in determining the UOP rate are estimated on the basis of economic viability parameters, reasonable and consistent with management’s expectations of production, in order to recognise depreciation charges that more appropriately reflect the expected utilization of the assets concerned. Production costs Production costs are those costs incurred to operate and maintain wells and field equipment and are recognised as an expense as incurred. Production Sharing Agreements and service contracts Oil and gas reserves related to Production Sharing Agreements are determined on the basis of contractual terms related to the recovery of the contractor’s costs to undertake and finance exploration, development and production activities at its own risk (Cost Oil) and the Company’s stipulated share of the production remaining after such cost recovery (Profit Oil). Revenues from the sale of the lifted production, against both Cost Oil and Profit Oil, are accounted for on an accrual basis, whilst exploration, development and production costs are accounted for according to the above-mentioned accounting policies. The Company’s share of production volumes and reserves includes the share of hydrocarbons that corresponds to the taxes to be paid, according to the contractual agreement, by the national government on behalf of the Company. As a consequence, the Company has to recognise at the same time an increase in the taxable profit, through the increase of the revenue, and a tax expense. A similar scheme applies to service contracts. Plugging and abandonment of wells Costs expected to be incurred with respect to the plugging and abandonment of a well, dismantlement and removal of production facilities, as well as site restoration, are capitalised, consistent with the accounting policy described under “Property, plant and equipment”, and then depreciated on a UOP basis. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: oil and natural gas activities Engineering estimates of the Company’s oil and gas reserves are inherently uncertain. Proved reserves are the estimated volumes of crude oil, natural gas and gas condensates, liquids and associated substances which geological and engineering data demonstrate that can be economically producible with reasonable certainty from known reservoirs under existing economic conditions and operating methods. Although there are authoritative guidelines regarding the engineering and geological criteria that must be met before estimated oil and gas reserves can be categorised as “proved”, the accuracy of reserve estimates depends on a number of factors, assumptions and variables, including: (i) the quality of available geological, technical and economic data and their interpretation and judgement; (ii) projections regarding future rates of production and operating costs as well as timing and amount of development expenditures; (iii) changes in the prevailing tax rules, other government regulations and contractual conditions; (iv) results of drilling, testing and the actual production performance of Eni’s reservoirs after the date of the estimates which may drive substantial upward or downward revisions; and (v) changes in oil and natural gas prices which could affect expected future cash flows and the quantities of Eni’s proved reserves since the estimates of reserves are based on prices and costs existing as of the date when these estimates are made. Lower oil prices or the projections of higher operating and development costs may impair the ability of the Company to economically produce reserves leading to downward reserve revisions. Many of the factors, assumptions and variables involved in estimating proved reserves are subject to change over time and therefore affect the estimates of oil and natural gas reserves. Similar uncertainties concern unproved reserves. The determination of whether potentially economic oil and natural gas reserves have been discovered by an exploration well is made within a year after well completion. The evaluation process of a discovery, which requires performing additional appraisal activities on the potential oil and natural gas field and establishing the optimum development plans, can take longer, in most cases, depending on the complexity of the project and on the size of capital expenditures required. During this period, the costs related to these exploration wells remain suspended on the balance sheet. In any case, all such capitalised costs are reviewed, at least, on an annual basis to confirm the continued intent to develop, or otherwise to extract value from the discovery. Field reserves will be categorised as proved only when all the criteria for attribution of proved status have been met. Proved reserves can be classified as developed or undeveloped. Volumes are classified into proved developed reserves as a consequence of development activity. Generally, reserves are booked as proved developed at the start of production. Major development projects typically take one to four years from the time of initial booking to the start of production. Estimated proved reserves are used in determining depreciation, amortisation and depletion charges and impairment charges. Assuming all other variables are held constant, an increase in estimated proved developed reserves for each field decreases depreciation, amortisation and depletion charge under the UOP method. Conversely, a decrease in estimated proved developed reserves increases depreciation, amortisation and depletion charge. Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment, including investment properties, are recognised using the cost model and stated at their purchase price or construction cost including any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. For assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use, the purchase price or construction cost comprises the borrowing costs incurred in the period to get the asset ready for use that would have been avoided if the expenditure had not been made. In the case of a present obligation for dismantling and removal of assets and restoration of sites, the initial carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment includes the estimated (discounted) costs to be incurred when the removal event occurs; a corresponding amount is recognised as part of a specific provision (see the accounting policy for “Decommissioning and restoration liabilities”). Analogous approach is adopted for present obligations to realise social projects in oil and gas development areas. Property, plant and equipment are not revalued for financial reporting purposes. Expenditures on upgrading, revamping and reconversion are recognised as items of property, plant and equipment when it is probable that they will increase the expected future economic benefits of the asset. Assets acquired for safety or environmental reasons, although not directly increasing the future economic benefits of any particular existing item of property, plant and equipment, qualify for recognition as assets when they are necessary for running the business. Depreciation of tangible assets begins when they are available for use, i.e. when they are in the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating as planned. Property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a systematic basis over their useful life. The useful life is the period over which an asset is expected to be available for use by the Company. When tangible assets are composed of more than one significant part with different useful lives, each part is depreciated separately. The depreciable amount is the asset’s carrying amount less its residual value at the end of its useful life, if it is significant and can be reasonably determined. Land is not depreciated, even when acquired together with a building. Tangible assets held for sale are not depreciated (see the accounting policy for “Assets held for sale and discontinued operations”). Changes in the asset’s useful life, in its residual value or in the pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset, are accounted for prospectively. Assets to be handed over for no consideration are depreciated over the shorter term between the duration of the concession or the asset’s useful life. Replacement costs of identifiable parts in complex assets are capitalised and depreciated over their useful life; the residual carrying amount of the part that has been substituted is charged to the profit and loss account. Non-removable leasehold improvements are depreciated over the earlier of the useful life of the improvements and the lease term. Expenditures for ordinary maintenance and repairs are recognised as an expense as incurred. The carrying amount of property, plant and equipment is derecognised on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal; the arising gain or loss is recognised in the profit and loss account. Leases 13 14 A contract is, or contains, a lease, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration 15; such right exists whether, throughout the period of use, the customer has both the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the identified asset and the right to direct the use of the identified asset. At the commencement date of the lease (i.e. the date on which the underlying asset is available for use), a lessee recognises on the balance sheet an asset representing its right to use the underlying leased asset (hereinafter also referred as right-of-use asset) and a liability representing its obligation to make lease payments during the lease term (hereinafter also referred as lease liability).16 The lease term is the non-cancellable period of a contract, together with, if reasonably certain, periods covered by extension options or by the non-exercise of termination options. In particular, the lease liability is initially recognised at the present value of the following lease payments 17 that are not paid at the commencement date: (i) fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivable; (ii) variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate 18; (iii) amounts expected to be payable by the lessee under residual value guarantees; (iv) the exercise price of a purchase option if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and (v) payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising an option to terminate the lease. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate. The latter is determined considering the term of the lease, the frequency and currency of the contractual lease payments, as well as the features of the lessee’s economic environment (reflected in the country risk premium assigned to each country where Eni operates). After the initial recognition, the lease liability is measured on an amortised cost basis and is remeasured, normally, as an adjustment to the carrying amount of the related right-of-use asset, to reflect changes to the lease payments due, essentially, to: (i) modifications in the lease contract not accounted as a separate lease; (ii) changes in indexes or rates (used to determine the variable lease payments); or (iii) changes in the assessment of contractual options (e.g. options to purchase the underlying asset, extension or termination options). The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises: (i) the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability; (ii) any initial direct costs incurred by the lessee 19; (iii) any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives received; and (iv) an estimate of costs to be incurred by the lessee in dismantling and removing the underlying asset, restoring the site on which it is located or restoring the underlying asset to the condition required by the terms and conditions of the lease. After the initial recognition, the right-of-use asset is adjusted for any accumulated depreciation 20, any accumulated impairment losses (see the accounting policy for “Impairment of non-financial assets”) and any remeasurement of the lease liability. The depreciation charges of the right-of-use asset and the interest expenses on the lease liability directly attributable to the construction of an asset are capitalised as part of the cost of such asset and subsequently recognised in the profit and loss account through depreciation/impairments or write-off, mainly in the case of exploration assets. In the oil and gas activities, the operator of an unincorporated joint operation which enters into a lease contract as the sole signatory recognises on the balance sheet: (i) the entire lease liability if, based on the contractual provisions and any other relevant facts and circumstances, it has primary responsibility for the liability towards the third-party supplier; and (ii) the entire right-of-use asset, unless, on the basis of the terms and conditions of the contract, there is a sublease with the followers. The followers’ share of the right-of-use asset, recognised by the operator, will be recovered according to the joint operation’s contractual arrangements by billing the project costs attributable to the followers and collecting the related cash calls. Costs recovered from the followers are recognised as “Other income and revenues” in the profit and loss account and as net cash provided by operating activities in the statement of cash flows. Differently, if a lease contract is signed by all the partners, Eni recognises its share of the right-of-use asset and lease liability on the balance sheet based on its working interest. If Eni does not have primary responsibility for the lease liability, it does not recognise any right-of-use asset and lease liability related to the lease contract. When lease contracts are entered into by companies other than subsidiaries that act as operators on behalf of the other participating companies (the so-called operating companies), consistent with the provision to recover from the followers the costs related to the oil and gas activities, the participating companies recognise their share of the right-of-use assets and the lease liabilities based on their working interest, defined according to the expected use, to the extent that it is reliably determinable, of the underlying assets. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: lease transactions With reference to lease contracts, management makes significant estimates and judgements related to: (i) determining the lease term, making assumptions about the exercise of extension and/or termination options; (ii) determining the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate; (iii) identifying and, where appropriate, separating non-lease components from lease components, where an observable stand-alone price is not readily available, taking into account also the analysis performed with external experts; (iv) recognising lease contracts, for which the underlying assets are used in oil and gas activities (mainly drilling rigs and FPSOs), entered into as operator within an unincorporated joint operation, considering if the operator has primary responsibility for the liability towards the third-party supplier and the relationships with the followers; (v) identifying the variable lease payments and the related characteristics in order to include them in the measurement of the lease liability. 13 The accounting policies related to leases have been defined on the basis of IFRS 16 “Leases” effective from January 1, 2019. As allowed by the accounting standard, the new requirements have been applied without restating the comparative years. The previous accounting policies about leases required essentially that: (i) assets held under finance lease, or under arrangements that did not take the legal form of a finance lease but substantially transferred all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the leased asset, were recognised, at the commencement of the lease, at their fair value, net of grants attributable to the lessee or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments, within property, plant and equipment as a contra account to a financing payable to the lessor; and (ii) lease payments under an operating lease were recognised as an expense over the lease term. 14 As expressly provided for in IFRS 16, this accounting policy does not apply to leases to explore for and extract resources such as those for oil and gas rights, leases of land and any rights of way related to oil and gas activities. 15 The assessment of whether the contract is, or contains, a lease is performed at the inception date, that is the earlier of the date of a lease agreement and the date of commitment by the parties to the principal terms and conditions of the lease. 16 Eni applies the recognition exemptions allowed for short-term leases (for certain classes of underlying assets) and low-value leases, by recognising the lease payments associated with those leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. 17 Eni, in accordance with the practical expedient allowed by the accounting standard, does not separate non-lease components from lease components except for main contracts related to upstream activities (drilling rigs), which provide for single payments relating to both lease and non-lease components. 18 Conversely, the other kinds of variable lease payments (e.g. payments that depend on the use of an underlying leased asset) are not included in the carrying amount of the lease liability, but are recognised in the profit and loss account as operating expenses over the lease term. 19 Initial direct costs are incremental costs of obtaining a lease that would not have been incurred if the lease had not been obtained. 20 Depreciation charges are recognised on a systematic basis from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. Nevertheless, if the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term, or if the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the lessee will exercise a purchase option, the right-of-use asset is depreciated from the commencement date to the end of the useful life of the underlying asset. Intangible assets Intangible assets are identifiable non-monetary assets without physical substance, controlled by the Company and able to produce future economic benefits, and goodwill. An asset is classified as intangible when management is able to distinguish it clearly from goodwill. Intangible assets are initially recognised at cost as determined by the criteria used for tangible assets and they are not revalued for financial reporting purposes. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortised on a systematic basis over their useful life; the amount to be amortised and the recoverability of the carrying amount are determined in accordance with the criteria described in the accounting policy for “Property, plant and equipment”. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised. For the recoverability of the carrying amounts of the goodwill and other intangible assets see the accounting policy “Impairment of non-financial assets”. Costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are recognised on the balance sheet if the Company expects to recover those costs. The intangible asset arising from those costs is amortised on a systematic basis, that is consistent with the transfer to the customer of the goods or services to which the asset relates, and is tested for impairment. Costs of technological development activities are capitalised when: (i) the cost attributable to the development activity can be measured reliably; (ii) there is the intention and the availability of financial and technical resources to make the asset available for use or sale; and (iii) it can be demonstrated that the asset is able to generate probable future economic benefits. The carrying amount of intangible assets is derecognised on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal; any resulting gain or loss is recognised in the profit and loss account. Impairment of non-financial assets Non-financial assets (tangible assets, intangible assets and right-of-use assets) are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts for those assets may not be recoverable. The recoverability assessment is performed for each cash-generating unit (hereinafter also CGU) represented by the smallest identifiable group of assets that generate cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or group of assets. Cash-generating units may include corporate assets which do not generate cash inflows independently of other assets or group of assets, allocable on a reasonable and consistent basis. Corporate assets not attributable to a single cash-generating unit are allocated to a group of cash-generating units. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is any indication of impairment, at the lowest level within the entity at which it is monitored for internal management purposes. Right-of-use assets, which generally do not generate cash inflows independently of other assets or groups of assets, are allocated to the CGU to which they belong; the right-of-use assets which cannot be fully attributed to a CGU are considered as corporate assets. The recoverability of the carrying amount of common facilities within the E&P segment is assessed by considering the set of recoverable amounts of the CGUs benefiting from the common facility. The recoverability of a CGU is assessed by comparing its carrying amount with the recoverable amount, which is the higher of the CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from continuing use of the CGU and, if significant and reliably measurable, the cash flows expected to be obtained from its disposal at the end of its useful life, after deducting the costs of disposal. The expected cash flows are determined on the basis of reasonable and supportable assumptions that represent management’s best estimate of the range of economic conditions that will exist over the remaining useful life of the cash-generating unit, giving greater weight to external evidence. The value in use of CGUs which include material right-of-use assets is calculated, normally, by ignoring lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liabilities. With reference to commodity prices, management uses the price scenario adopted for economic and financial projections and for the evaluation of investments over their entire life. In particular, for the cash flows associated with oil, natural gas and petroleum products prices (and prices derived from them), the price scenario is approved by the Board of Directors and is based on management’s planning assumptions, in the short and medium term, takes into account the projections of market analysts and, if there is a sufficient liquidity and reliability level, on the forward prices prevailing in the marketplace. For impairment test purposes, cash outflows expected to be incurred to guarantee compliance with laws and regulations regarding CO2 emissions (e.g. Emission Trading Scheme) or on a voluntary basis (e.g. cash outflows related to forestry certificates acquired or produced consistent with the Company’s decarbonization strategy – hereinafter also forestry) are taken into account. In particular, in estimating value in use, the cash outflows for forestry projects 21 are included, consistent with the targets of the decarbonization strategy, within the expected operating cash outflows; in this regard, considering that the forestry projects can be developed in countries where Eni does not carry out operating activities and given the difficulty to allocate such cash outflows, on a reasonable and consistent basis, to CGUs of the relevant segment, the related discounted cash outflows are treated as a reduction of the headroom of that specific segment. For the determination of value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted using a rate that reflects a current market assessment of the time value of money and of the risks specific to the asset that are not reflected in the estimated future cash flows. In particular, the discount rate used is the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) adjusted for the specific country risk of the CGU. These adjustments are measured considering information from external parties. WACC differs considering the risk associated with each operating segment/business where the asset operates. In particular, for the assets belonging to the Global Gas & LNG Portfolio (GGP) segment, the Chemical business and each business within the Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables segment, taking into account their different risk compared to Eni as a whole, specific WACC rates have been defined on the basis of a sample of comparable companies, adjusted to take into account the specific country-risk premium. For the other segments/businesses, a single WACC is used considering that the risk is the same to that of Eni as a whole. Value in use is calculated net of the tax effect as this method results in values similar to those resulting from discounting pre-tax cash flows at a pre-tax discount rate derived, through an iteration process, from a post-tax valuation. When the carrying amount of the CGU, including goodwill allocated thereto, determined taking into account any impairment loss of the non-current assets belonging to the CGU, exceeds its recoverable amount, the excess is recognised as an impairment loss. The impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill; any remaining excess is allocated to the other assets of the unit pro-rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the CGU, up to the recoverable amount of assets with finite useful lives. When an impairment loss no longer exists or has decreased, a reversal of the impairment loss is recognised in the profit and loss account. The impairment reversal shall not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in a subsequent period.22 21 For the recognition criteria of forestry certificates see the accounting policy for “Costs”. 22 Impairment losses recognised for goodwill in an interim period are not reversed also when, considering conditions existing in a subsequent interim period, they would have been recognised in a smaller amount or would not have been recognised. Grants related to assets Government grants related to assets are recognised by deducting them in calculating the carrying amount of the related assets when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and the grants will be received. Inventories Inventories, including compulsory stock, are measured at the lower of purchase or production cost and net realisable value. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale, or, with reference to inventories of crude oil and petroleum products already included in binding sale contracts, the contractual selling price. Inventories which are principally acquired with the purpose of selling in the near future and generating a profit from fluctuations in price are measured at fair value less costs to sell and any subsequent changes in fair value are recognised in the profit and loss account. Materials and other supplies held for use in production are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. The cost of inventories of hydrocarbons (crude oil, condensates and natural gas) and petroleum products is determined by applying the weighted average cost method on a three-month basis, or on a different time period (e.g. monthly), when it is justified by the use and the turnover of inventories of crude oil and petroleum products; the cost of inventories of the Chemical business is determined by applying the weighted average cost on an annual basis. When take-or-pay clauses are included in long-term gas purchase contracts, pre-paid gas volumes that are not withdrawn to fulfill minimum annual take obligations are measured using the pricing formulas contractually defined. They are recognised under “Other assets” as “Deferred costs”, as a contra to “Trade and other payables” or, after settlement, to “Cash and cash equivalents”. The allocated deferred costs are charged to the profit and loss account: (i) when natural gas is actually withdrawn — the related cost is included in the determination of the weighted average cost of inventories; and (ii) for the portion which is not recoverable, when it is not possible to withdraw the previously pre-paid gas, within the contractually defined deadlines. Furthermore, the allocated deferred costs are tested for economic recoverability by comparing the related carrying amount and their net realisable value, determined adopting the same criteria described for inventories. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: impairment of non-financial assets The recoverability of non-financial assets is assessed whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amounts of the assets are not recoverable. Such impairment indicators include changes in the Group’s business plans, changes in commodity prices leading to unprofitable performance, a reduced capacity utilisation of plants and, for oil and gas properties, significant downward revisions of estimated proved reserve quantities or significant increase of the estimated development and production costs. Determination as to whether and how much an asset is impaired involves management estimates on highly uncertain and complex matters such as future commodity prices, future discount rates, future development expenditure and production costs, the effects of inflation and technology improvements on operating expenses, production profiles and the outlook for global or regional market supply-and-demand conditions also with reference to the decarbonization process and the effects of changes in regulatory requirements. The definition of CGUs and the identification of their appropriate grouping for the purpose of testing for impairment the carrying amount of goodwill, corporate assets as well as common facilities within the E&P segment, require judgement by management. In particular, CGUs are identified considering, inter alia, how management monitors the entity’s operations (such as by business lines) or how management makes decisions about continuing or disposing of the entity’s assets and operations. Similar remarks are valid for assessing the physical recoverability of assets recognised on the balance sheet (deferred costs — see also the accounting policy for “Inventories”) related to natural gas volumes not withdrawn under long-term supply contracts with take-or-pay clauses. The expected future cash flows used for impairment analyses are based on judgemental assessments of future production volumes, prices and costs, considering available information at the date of review and are discounted by using a rate which considers the risks specific to the asset. For oil and natural gas properties, the expected future cash flows are estimated principally based on developed and undeveloped proved reserves including, among other elements, production taxes and the costs to be incurred for the reserves yet to be developed. When appropriate according to facts and circumstances management’s estimate could also include risk-adjusted unproved reserves. The estimate of the future amount of production is based on assumptions related to future commodity prices, lifting and development costs, field decline rates, market demand and other factors. The cash flows associated to oil and gas commodities are estimated on the basis of forward market information, if there is a sufficient liquidity and reliability level, on the consensus of independent specialised analysts and on management’s forecasts about the evolution of the supply and demand fundamentals. More details on the main assumptions underlying the determination of the recoverable amount of tangible, intangible and right-of-use assets are set out in note 14 – Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets. Financial instruments Financial assets Financial assets are classified, on the basis of both contractual cash flow characteristics and the entity’s business model for managing them, in the following categories: (i) financial assets measured at amortised cost; (ii) financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (hereinafter also OCI); (iii) financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss. At initial recognition, a financial asset is measured at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable; at initial recognition, trade receivables that do not have a significant financing component are measured at their transaction price. After initial recognition, financial assets whose contractual terms give rise to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding are measured at amortised cost if they are held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows (the so-called hold to collect business model). For financial assets measured at amortised cost, interest income determined using the effective interest rate, foreign exchange differences and any impairment losses 23 (see the accounting policy for “Impairment of financial assets”) are recognised in the profit and loss account. Conversely, financial assets that are debt instruments are measured at fair value through OCI (hereinafter also FVTOCI) if they are held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets (the so-called hold to collect and sell business model). In these cases: (i) interest income determined using the effective interest rate, foreign exchange differences and any impairment losses (see the accounting policy for “Impairment of financial assets”) are recognised in the profit and loss account; (ii) changes in fair value of the instruments are recognised in equity, within other comprehensive income. The accumulated changes in fair value, recognised in the equity reserve related to other comprehensive income, is reclassified to the profit and loss account when the financial asset is derecognised. Currently the Group does not have any financial assets measured at fair value through OCI. A financial asset represented by a debt instrument that is neither measured at amortised cost nor at FVTOCI, is measured at fair value through profit or loss (hereinafter FVTPL); financial assets held for trading fall into this category. Interest income on assets held for trading contributes to the fair value measurement of the instrument and is recognised in “Finance income (expense)”, within “Net finance income (expense) from financial assets held for trading”. When the purchase or sale of a financial asset is under a contract whose terms require delivery of the asset within the time frame established generally by regulation or convention in the marketplace concerned, the transaction is accounted for on the settlement date. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits, as well as financial assets originally due, generally, up to three months, readily convertible to known amount of cash and subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Impairment of financial assets The expected credit loss model is adopted for the impairment of financial assets that are debt instruments, but are not measured at FVTPL.24 In particular, the expected credit losses are generally measured by multiplying: (i) the exposure to the counterparty’s credit risk net of any collateral held and other credit enhancements (Exposure At Default, EAD); (ii) the probability that the default of the counterparty occurs (Probability of Default, PD); and (iii) the percentage estimate of the exposure that will not be recovered in case of default (Loss Given Default, LGD), considering the past experiences and the range of recovery tools that can be activated (e.g. extrajudicial and/or legal proceedings, etc.). With reference to trade and other receivables, Probabilities of Default of counterparties are determined by adopting the internal credit ratings already used for credit worthiness and are periodically reviewed using, inter alia, back-testing analyses; for government entities (e.g. National Oil Companies), the Probability of Default, represented essentially by the probability of a delayed payment, is determined by using, as input data, the country risk premium adopted to determine WACC for the impairment review of non-financial assets. For customers without internal credit ratings, the expected credit losses are measured by using a provision matrix, defined by grouping, where appropriate, receivables into adequate clusters to which apply expected loss rates defined on the basis of their historical credit loss experiences, adjusted, where appropriate, to take into account forward-looking information on credit risk of the counterparty or clusters of counterparties.25 Considering the characteristics of the reference markets, financial assets with more than 180 days past due or, in any case, with counterparties undergoing litigation, restructuring or renegotiation, are considered to be in default. Counterparties are considered undergoing litigation when judicial/legal proceedings aimed to recover a receivable have been activated or are going to be activated. Impairment losses of trade and other receivables are recognised in the profit and loss account, net of any impairment reversal, within the line item of the profit and loss account “Net (impairment losses) reversals of trade and other receivables”. The financing receivables held for operating purposes, granted to associates and joint ventures, for which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future and which in substance form part of the entity’s net investment in these investees, are tested for impairment, first, on the basis of the expected credit loss model and, then, together with the carrying amount of the investment in the associate/joint venture, in accordance with the criteria indicated in the accounting policy for “The equity method of accounting”. In applying the expected credit loss model, any adjustments to the carrying amount of long-term interest that arise from applying the accounting policy for “The equity method of accounting” are not taken into account. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: impairment of financial assets Measuring impairment losses of financial assets requires management evaluation of complex and highly uncertain elements such as, for example, Probabilities of Default of counterparties, the assessment of any collateral or other credit enhancements, the expected exposure that will not be recovered in case of default, as well as the definition of customers' clusters to be adopted. Further details on the main assumptions underlying the measurement of expected credit losses of financial assets are provided in note 7 – Trade and other receivables. Investments in equity instruments Investments in equity instruments that are not held for trading are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, without subsequent transfer of fair value changes to profit or loss on derecognition of these investments; conversely, dividends from these investments are recognised in the profit and loss account, within the line item “Income (Expense) from investments”, unless they clearly represent a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. In limited circumstances, an investment in equity instruments can be measured at cost if it is an appropriate estimate of fair value. Financial liabilities At initial recognition, financial liabilities, other than derivative financial instruments, are measured at their fair value, minus transaction costs that are directly attributable, and are subsequently measured at amortised cost. 23 Receivables and other financial assets measured at amortised cost are presented on the balance sheet net of their loss allowance. 24 The expected credit loss model is also adopted for issued financial guarantee contracts not measured at FVTPL. Expected credit losses recognised on issued financial guarantees are not material. 25 For credit exposures arising from intragroup transactions, the recovery rate is normally assumed equal to 100% taking into account, inter alia, the Group central treasury function which supports both financial and capital needs of subsidiaries. Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting Derivative financial instruments, including embedded derivatives (see below) that are separated from the host contract, are assets and liabilities measured at their fair value. With reference to the defined risk management objectives and strategy, the qualifying criteria for hedge accounting requires: (i) the existence of an economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument in order to offset the related value changes and the effects of counterparty credit risk do not dominate the economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument; and (ii) the definition of the relationship between the quantity of the hedged item and the quantity of the hedging instrument (the so-called hedge ratio) consistent with the entity’s risk management objectives, under a defined risk management strategy; the hedge ratio is adjusted, where appropriate, after taking into account any adequate rebalancing. A hedging relationship is discontinued prospectively, in its entirety or a part of it, when it no longer meets the risk management objectives on the basis of which it qualified for hedge accounting, it ceases to meet the other qualifying criteria or after rebalancing it. When derivatives hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of the hedged items (fair value hedge, e.g. hedging of the variability in the fair value of fixed interest rate assets/liabilities), the derivatives are measured at fair value through profit and loss account. Consistently, the carrying amount of the hedged item is adjusted to reflect, in the profit and loss account, the changes in fair value of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk; this applies even if the hedged item should be otherwise measured. When derivatives hedge the exposure to variability in cash flows of the hedged items (cash flow hedge, e.g. hedging the variability in the cash flows of assets/liabilities as a result of the fluctuations of exchange rate), the effective changes in the fair value of the derivatives are initially recognised in the equity reserve related to other comprehensive income and then reclassified to the profit and loss account in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects the profit and loss account. If a hedged forecast transaction subsequently results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or a non-financial liability, the accumulated changes in fair value of hedging derivatives, recognised in equity, are included directly in the carrying amount of the hedged non-financial asset/liability (commonly referred to as a “basis adjustment”). The changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments, including any ineffective portion of changes in fair value of hedging derivatives, are recognised in the profit and loss account. In particular, the changes in the fair value of non-hedging derivatives on interest rates and exchange rates are recognised in the profit and loss account line item “Finance income (expense)”; conversely, the changes in the fair value of non-hedging derivatives on commodities are recognised in the profit and loss account line item “Other operating (expense) income”. Derivatives embedded in financial assets are not accounted for separately; in such circumstances, the entire hybrid instrument is classified depending on the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial instrument and the business model for managing it (see the accounting policy for “Financial assets”). Derivatives embedded in financial liabilities and/or non-financial assets are separated if: (i) the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative are not closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract; (ii) a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet the definition of a derivative; and (iii) the entire hybrid contract is not measured at FVTPL. Eni assesses the existence of embedded derivatives to be separated when it becomes party to the contract and, afterwards, when a change in the terms of the contract that modifies its cash flows occurs. Contracts to buy or sell commodities entered into and continued to be held for the purpose of their receipt or delivery in accordance with the Group’s expected purchase, sale or usage requirements are recognised on an accrual basis (the so-called normal sale and normal purchase exemption or own use exemption). Offsetting of financial assets and liabilities Financial assets and liabilities are set off on the balance sheet if the Group currently has a legally enforceable right to set off and intends to settle on a net basis (or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously). Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities Transferred financial assets are derecognised when the contractual rights to receive the cash flows from the financial assets expire or are transferred to another party. Financial liabilities are derecognised when they are extinguished, or when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets A provision is a liability of uncertain timing or amount on the balance sheet date. Provisions are recognised when: (i) there is a present obligation, legal or constructive, as a result of a past event; (ii) it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation; and (iii) the amount of the obligation can be reliably estimated. The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation or to transfer it to third parties at the balance sheet date. The amount recognised for onerous contracts is the lower of the cost necessary to fulfill the obligations, net of expected economic benefits deriving from the contracts, and any compensation or penalties arising from failure to fulfill these obligations. Where the effect of the time value is material, and the payment date of the obligations can be reasonably estimated, provisions to be accrued are the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation at a discount rate that reflects the Company’s average borrowing rate taking into account the risks associated with the obligation. The change in provisions due to the passage of time is recognised within “Finance income (expense)”. A provision for restructuring costs is recognised only when the Company has a detailed formal plan for the restructuring and has raised a valid expectation in the affected parties that it will carry out the restructuring. Provisions are periodically reviewed and adjusted to reflect changes in the estimates of costs, timing and discount rates. Changes in provisions are recognised in the same profit and loss account line item where the original provision was charged. Contingent liabilities are: (i) possible obligations arising from past events, whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company; or (ii) present obligations arising from past events, whose amount cannot be reliably measured or whose settlement will probably not result in an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits. Contingent liabilities are not recognised in the financial statements, but are disclosed. Contingent assets, that are possible assets arising from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company, are not recognised in financial statements unless the realisation of economic benefits is virtually certain. Contingent assets are disclosed when an inflow of economic benefits is probable. Contingent assets are assessed periodically to ensure that developments are appropriately reflected in the financial statements. Decommissioning and restoration liabilities Liabilities for decommissioning and restoration costs are recognized, together with a corresponding amount as part of the related property, plant and equipment, when the Group has a legal or constructive obligation and when a reliable estimate can be made. Considering the long time span between the recognition of the obligation and its settlement, the amount recognised is the present value of the future expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation. Any change due to the unwinding of discount on provisions is recognised within “Finance income (expense)”. Such liabilities are reviewed regularly to take into account the changes in the expected costs to be incurred, contractual obligations, regulatory requirements and practices in force in the countries where the tangible assets are located. The effects of any changes in the estimate of the liability are recognised generally as an adjustment to the carrying amount of the related property, plant and equipment; however, if the resulting decrease in the liability exceeds the carrying amount of the related asset, the excess is recognised in the profit and loss account. Analogous approach is adopted for present obligations to realise social projects related to operating activities carried out by the Company. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: decommissioning and restoration liabilities, environmental liabilities and other provisions The Group holds provisions for dismantling and removing items of property, plant and equipment, and restoring land or seabed at the end of the oil and gas production activity. Estimating obligations to dismantle, remove and restore items of property, plant and equipment is complex. It requires management to make estimates and judgements with respect to removal obligations that will come to term many years into the future and contracts and regulations are often unclear as to what constitutes removal. In addition, the ultimate financial impact of environmental laws and regulations is not always clearly known as asset removal technologies and costs constantly evolve in the countries where Eni operates, as do political, environmental, safety and public expectations. The discount rate used to determine the provision and the timing of future cash outflows, as well as any related update, are based on complex managerial judgements. Decommissioning and restoration provisions, recognised in the financial statements, include, essentially, the present value of the expected costs for decommissioning oil and natural gas facilities at the end of the economic lives of fields, well-plugging, abandonment and site restoration of the Exploration & Production segment. Any decommissioning and restoration provisions associated with the other segments’ assets are generally not recognised, as the obligations, given their indeterminate settlement dates, also considering the strategy to reconvert plants in order to produce low carbon products, cannot be reliably measured. In this regard, Eni performs periodic reviews for any changes in facts and circumstances that might require recognition of a decommissioning and restoration provision. As other oil and gas companies, Eni is subject to numerous EU, national, regional and local environmental laws and regulations concerning its oil and gas operations, production and other activities. They include legislations that implement international conventions or protocols. Environmental liabilities are recognised when it becomes probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and such obligation can be reliably estimated. 26 Management, considering the actions already taken, insurance policies obtained to cover environmental risks and provisions already recognised, does not expect any material adverse effect on Eni’s consolidated results of operations and financial position as a result of such laws and regulations. However, there can be no assurance that there will not be a material adverse impact on Eni’s consolidated results of operations and financial position due to: (i) the possibility of an unknown contamination; (ii) the results of the ongoing surveys and other possible effects of statements required by applicable laws; (iii) the possible effects of future environmental legislations and rules; (iv) the effects of possible technological changes relating to future remediation; and (v) the possibility of litigation and the difficulty of determining Eni’s liability, if any, against other potentially responsible parties with respect to such litigations and the possible reimbursements. In addition to environmental and decommissioning and restoration liabilities, Eni recognises provisions primarily related to legal and trade proceedings. These provisions are estimated on the basis of complex managerial judgements related to the amounts to be recognised and the timing of future cash outflows. After the initial recognition, provisions are periodically reviewed and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. ________________________________________ 26 With reference to the environmental liabilities assumed, the expected operating costs to be incurred for managing groundwater treatment plants are not included in the estimates of environmental liabilities because it is not possible to reliably define a time horizon within which the operations of the plant will be terminated. In this regard, Eni performs periodic reviews for any changes in facts and circumstances, including changes in regulatory framework and technology, that might require the recognition of the environmental liability. Employee benefits Employee benefits are considerations given by the Group in exchange for service rendered by employees or for the termination of employment. Post-employment benefit plans, including informal arrangements, are classified as either defined contribution plans or defined benefit plans depending on the economic substance of the plan as derived from its principal terms and conditions. Under defined contribution plans, the Company’s obligation, which consists in making payments to the State or to a trust or a fund, is determined on the basis of contributions due. The liabilities related to defined benefit plans, net of any plan assets, are determined on the basis of actuarial assumptions and charged on an accrual basis during the employment period required to obtain the benefits. Net interest includes the return on plan assets and the interest cost to be recognised in the profit and loss account. Net interest is measured by applying to the liability, net of any plan assets, the discount rate used to calculate the present value of the liability; net interest of defined benefit plans is recognised in “Finance income (expense)”. Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, comprising actuarial gains and losses, resulting from changes in the actuarial assumptions used or from changes arising from experience adjustments, and the return on plan assets excluding amounts included in net interest, are recognised within the statement of comprehensive income. Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, recognised within other comprehensive income, are not reclassified subsequently to the profit and loss account. Obligations for long-term benefits are determined by adopting actuarial assumptions. The effects of remeasurements are taken to profit and loss account in their entirety. Share-based payments The line item “Payroll and related costs” includes the cost of the share-based incentive plan, consistent with its actual remunerative nature. The cost of the share-based incentive plan is measured by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments granted and the estimate of the number of shares that eventually vest; the cost is recognised on an accrual basis pro rata temporis over the vesting period, that is the period between the grant date and the settlement date. The fair value of the shares underlying the incentive plan is measured at the grant date, taking into account the estimate of achievement of market conditions (e.g. Total Shareholder Return), and is not adjusted in subsequent periods; when the achievement is linked also to non-market conditions, the number of shares expected to vest is adjusted during the vesting period to reflect the updated estimate of these conditions. If, at the end of the vesting period, the incentive plan does not vest because of failure to satisfy the performance conditions, the portion of cost related to market conditions is not reversed to the profit and loss account. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: employee benefits and share-based payments Defined benefit plans are evaluated with reference to uncertain events and based upon actuarial assumptions including, among others, discount rates, expected rates of salary increases, mortality rates, estimated retirement dates and medical cost trends. The significant assumptions used to account for defined benefit plans are determined as follows: (i) discount and inflation rates are based on the market yields on high quality corporate bonds (or, in the absence of a deep market of these bonds, on the market yields on government bonds) and on the expected inflation rates in the reference currency area; (ii) the future salary levels of the individual employees are determined including an estimate of future changes attributed to general price levels (consistent with inflation rate assumptions), productivity, seniority and promotion; (iii) healthcare cost trend assumptions reflect an estimate of the actual future changes in the cost of the healthcare related benefits provided to the plan participants and are based on past and current healthcare cost trends, including healthcare inflation, changes in healthcare utilisation, changes in health status of the participants and the contributions paid to health funds; and (iv) demographic assumptions such as mortality, disability and turnover reflect the best estimate of these future events for individual employees involved. Differences in the amount of the net defined benefit liability (asset), deriving from the remeasurements, comprising, among others, changes in the current actuarial assumptions, differences in the previous actuarial assumptions and what has actually occurred and differences in the return on plan assets, excluding amounts included in net interest, usually occur. Similar to the approach followed for the fair value measurement of financial instruments, the fair value of the shares underlying the incentive plans is measured by using complex valuation techniques and identifying, through structured judgements, the assumptions to be adopted. Equity instruments Treasury shares Treasury shares, including shares held to meet the future requirements of the share-based incentive plans, are recognised as deductions from equity at cost. Any gain or loss resulting from subsequent sales is recognised in equity. Hybrid bonds The perpetual subordinated hybrid bonds are classified in the financial statements as equity instruments considering that the issuer has the unconditional right to defer, until the date of its own liquidation, the repayment of the principal amount and the payment of accrued interest 27. Therefore, the issuer recognises the cash received from the bondholders, net of costs incurred in issuing the hybrid bonds, as an increase in Eni owners' equity; differently, the repayments of the principal amount and the payments of accrued interest (upon the arising of the related contractual payment obligation) are accounted for as a decrease in Eni owners' equity. 27 The payment of accrued interest is required upon the occurrence of events under the issuer’s control such as, for example, a distribution of dividends to shareholders. Revenue from contracts with customers Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised on the basis of the following five steps: (i) identifying the contract with the customer; (ii) identifying the performance obligations, that are promises in a contract to transfer goods and/or services to a customer; (iii) determining the transaction price; (iv) allocating the transaction price to each performance obligation on the basis of the relative stand-alone selling prices of each good or service; and (v) recognising revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, that is when a promised good or service is transferred to a customer. A promised good or service is transferred when (or as) the customer obtains control of it. Control can be transferred over time or at a point in time. With reference to the most important products sold by Eni, revenue is generally recognised for:
| · |  | crude oil, upon shipment;
| · |  | natural gas and electricity, upon delivery to the customer;
| · |  | petroleum products sold to retail distribution networks, upon delivery to the service stations, whereas all other sales of petroleum products are recognised upon shipment; and
| · |  | chemical products and other products, upon shipment.
Revenue from crude oil and natural gas production from properties in which Eni has an interest together with other producers is recognised on the basis of the quantities actually lifted and sold (sales method); costs are recognised on the basis of the quantities actually sold. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods and/or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties. In determining the transaction price, the promised amount of consideration is adjusted for the effects of the time value of money if the timing of payments agreed to by the parties to the contract provides the customer or the entity with a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customer. The promised amount of consideration is not adjusted for the effect of the significant financing component if, at contract inception, it is expected that the period between the transfer of a promised good or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less. If the consideration promised in a contract includes a variable amount, the Company estimates the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods and/or services to a customer; in particular, the amount of consideration can vary because of discounts, refunds, incentives, price concessions, performance bonuses, penalties or if the price is contingent on the occurrence or non-occurrence of future events. If, in a contract, the Company grants a customer the option to acquire additional goods or services for free or at a discount (e.g. sales incentives, customer award points, etc.), this option gives rise to a separate performance obligation in the contract only if the option provides a material right to the customer that it would not receive without entering into that contract. When goods or services are exchanged for goods or services which are of a similar nature and value, the exchange is not regarded as a transaction which generates revenue. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: revenue from contracts with customers Revenue from sales of electricity and gas to retail customers includes the amount accrued for electricity and gas supplied between the date of the last invoiced meter reading (actual or estimated) of volumes consumed and the end of the year. These estimates consider mainly information provided by the grid managers about the volumes allocated among the customers of the secondary distribution network, about the actual and estimated volumes consumed by customers. Therefore, revenue is accrued as a result of a complex estimate based on the volumes distributed and allocated, communicated by third parties, likely to be adjusted, according to applicable regulations, within the fifth year following the one in which they are accrued. Considering the contractual obligations on the supply delivery points, revenue from sales of electricity and gas to retail customers includes costs for transportation and dispatching and in these cases the gross amount of consideration to which the Company is entitled is recognised. Costs Costs are recognised when the related goods and services are sold or consumed during the year, when they are allocated on a systematic basis or when their future economic benefits cannot be identified. Costs associated with emission quotas, incurred to meet the compliance requirements (e.g. Emission Trading Scheme) determined on the basis of market prices, are recognised in relation to the amounts of the carbon dioxide emissions that exceed free allowances. Costs related to the purchase of the emission rights that exceed the amount necessary to meet regulatory obligations are recognised as intangible assets. Revenue related to emission quotas is recognised when they are sold. The costs incurred on a voluntary basis for the acquisition or production of forestry certificates, also taking into account the absence of an active market, are recognised in the profit and loss account when incurred. The costs for the acquisition of new knowledge or discoveries, the study of products or alternative processes, new techniques or models, the planning and construction of prototypes or, in any case, costs incurred for other scientific research activities or technological development, which cannot be capitalised (see also the accounting policy for “Intangible assets”), are included in the profit and loss account when they are incurred. Exchange differences Revenues and costs associated with transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency by applying the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the spot exchange rate on the balance sheet date and any resulting exchange differences are included in the profit and loss account within “Finance income (expense)” or, if designated as hedging instruments for the foreign currency risk, in the same line item in which the economic effects of the hedged item are recognised. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, measured at cost, are not retranslated subsequent to initial recognition. Non-monetary items measured at fair value, recoverable amount or net realisable value are retranslated using the exchange rate at the date when the value is determined. Dividends Dividends are recognised when the right to receive payment of the dividend is established. Dividends and interim dividends to owners are shown as changes in equity when the dividends are declared by, respectively, the shareholders’ meeting and the Board of Directors. Income taxes Current income taxes are determined on the basis of estimated taxable profit. Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be paid to (recovered from) the taxation authorities, using tax rates and the tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for temporary differences arising between the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and their tax bases, based on tax rates and tax laws that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax assets are recognised when their recoverability is considered probable, i.e. when it is probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available in the same year as the reversal of the deductible temporary difference. Similarly, deferred tax assets for the carry-forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses are recognised to the extent that their recoverability is probable. The carrying amount of the deferred tax assets is reviewed, at least, on an annual basis. If there is uncertainty over income tax treatments, if the company concludes it is probable that the taxation authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment, it determines the (current and/or deferred) income taxes to be recognised in the financial statements consistent with the tax treatment used or planned to be used in its income tax filings. Conversely, if the company concludes it is not probable that the taxation authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment, the company reflects the effect of uncertainty in determining the (current and/or deferred) income taxes to be recognised in the financial statements. Relating to the taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates, and interests in joint arrangements, the related deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if the investor is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented within non-current assets and liabilities and are offset at a single entity level if related to off-settable taxes. The balance of the offset, if positive, is recognised in the line item “Deferred tax assets” and, if negative, in the line item “Deferred tax liabilities”. When the results of transactions are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, the related current and deferred taxes are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: income taxes The computation of income taxes involves the interpretation of applicable tax laws and regulations in many jurisdictions throughout the world. Although Eni aims to maintain a relationship with the taxation authorities characterised by transparency, dialogue and cooperation (e.g. by not using aggressive tax planning and by using, if available, procedures intended to eliminate or reduce tax litigations), there can be no assurance that there will not be a tax litigation with the taxation authorities where the legislation could be open to more than one interpretation. The resolution of tax disputes, through negotiations with relevant taxation authorities or through litigation, could take several years to complete. The estimate of liabilities related to uncertain tax treatments requires complex judgements by management. After the initial recognition, these liabilities are periodically reviewed for any changes in facts and circumstances. Management makes complex judgements regarding mainly the assessment of the recoverability of deferred tax assets, related both to deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses, which requires estimates and evaluations about the amount and the timing of future taxable profits. Assets held for sale and discontinued operations Non-current assets and current and non-current assets included within disposal groups, are classified as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through their continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset or the disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition. When there is a sale plan involving loss of control of a subsidiary, all the assets and liabilities of that subsidiary are classified as held for sale, regardless of whether a non-controlling interest in its former subsidiary will be retained after the sale. Non-current assets held for sale, current and non-current assets included within disposal groups that have been classified as held for sale and the liabilities directly associated with them are recognised on the balance sheet separately from other assets and liabilities. Immediately before the initial classification of a non-current asset and/or a disposal group as held for sale, the non-current asset and/or the assets and liabilities in the disposal group are measured in accordance with applicable IFRSs. Subsequently, non-current assets held for sale are not depreciated or amortised and they are measured at the lower of the fair value less costs to sell and their carrying amount. If an equity-accounted investment, or a portion of that investment meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, it is no longer accounted for using the equity method and it is measured at the lower of its carrying amount at the date the equity method is discontinued, and its fair value less costs to sell. Any retained portion of the equity-accounted investment that has not been classified as held for sale is accounted for using the equity method until disposal of the portion that is classified as held for sale takes place. Any difference between the carrying amount of the non-current assets and the fair value less costs to sell is taken to the profit and loss account as an impairment loss; any subsequent reversal is recognised up to the cumulative impairment losses, including those recognised prior to qualification of the asset as held for sale. Non-current assets classified as held for sale and disposal groups are considered a discontinued operation if they, alternatively: (i) represent a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations; (ii) are part of a disposal program of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations; or (iii) are a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. The results of discontinued operations, as well as any gain or loss recognised on the disposal, are indicated in a separate line item of the profit and loss account, net of the related tax effects; the economic figures of discontinued operations are indicated also for prior periods presented in the financial statements. If events or circumstances occur that no longer allow to classify a non-current asset or a disposal group as held for sale, the non-current asset or the disposal group is reclassified into the original line items of the balance sheet and measured at the lower of: (i) its carrying amount at the date of classification as held for sale adjusted for any depreciation, amortisation, impairment losses and reversals that would have been recognised had the asset or disposal group not been classified as held for sale, and (ii) its recoverable amount at the date of the subsequent decision not to sell. Fair value measurements Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants (not in a forced liquidation or a distress sale) at the measurement date (exit price). Fair value measurement is based on the market conditions existing at the measurement date and on the assumptions of market participants (market-based measurement). A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place in the principal market for the asset or liability, or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market to which the entity has access, independently from the entity’s intention to sell the asset or transfer the liability to be measured. A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use. Highest and best use is determined from the perspective of market participants, even if the entity intends a different use; an entity’s current use of a non-financial asset is presumed to be its highest and best use, unless market or other factors suggest that a different use by market participants would maximise the value of the asset. The fair value of a liability, both financial and non-financial, or of the Company’s own equity instrument, in the absence of a quoted price, is measured from the perspective of a market participant that holds the identical item as an asset at the measurement date. The fair value of financial instruments takes into account the counterparty’s credit risk for a financial asset (Credit Valuation Adjustment, CVA) and the Company’s own credit risk for a financial liability (Debit Valuation Adjustment, DVA). In the absence of available market quotation, fair value is measured by using valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: fair value Fair value measurement, although based on the best available information and on the use of appropriate valuation techniques, is inherently uncertain, requires the use of professional judgement and could result in expected values other than the actual ones.

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v3.20.4

Primary financial statements | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Primary financial statements |
Primary financial statements | 2 Primary financial statements Assets and liabilities on the balance sheet are classified as current and non-current. Items in the profit and loss account are presented by nature. Assets and liabilities are classified as current when: (i) they are expected to be realised/settled in the entity’s normal operating cycle or within twelve months after the balance sheet date; (ii) they are cash or cash equivalents unless they are restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the balance sheet date; or (iii) they are held primarily for the purpose of trading. Derivative financial instruments held for trading are classified as current, apart from their maturity date. Non hedging derivative financial instruments, which are entered into to manage risk exposures but do not satisfy the formal requirements to be considered as hedging, and hedging derivative financial instruments are classified as current when they are expected to be realised/settled within twelve months after the balance sheet date; on the contrary they are classified as non-current. The statement of comprehensive income (loss) shows net profit integrated with income and expenses that are not recognised directly in the profit and loss account according to IFRSs. The statement of changes in equity includes the total comprehensive income (loss) for the year, transactions with owners in their capacity as owners and other changes in equity. The statement of cash flows is presented using the indirect method, whereby net profit (loss) is adjusted for the effects of non-cash transactions.

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v3.20.4

Changes in accounting policies | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Changes in accounting policies |
Changes in accounting policies | 3 Changes in accounting policies The amendments to IFRSs effective from January 1, 2020 and adopted by Eni, did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements. In this regard, also the earlier application in 2020 of the amendments to IFRS 16 “Covid-19-Related Rent Concessions” was immaterial to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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v3.20.4

IFRSs not yet adopted | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
IFRSs not yet adopted |
IFRSs not yet adopted | 4 IFRSs not yet adopted On May 18, 2017, the IASB issued IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts” (hereinafter IFRS 17), which sets out the accounting for the insurance contracts issued and the reinsurance contracts held. On June 25, 2020, the IASB issued the amendments to IFRS 17 “Amendments to IFRS 17” and the amendments to IFRS 4 “Extension of the Temporary Exemption from Applying IFRS 9”, related to insurance activities, providing, among others, the deferral of the effective date of IFRS 17 by two years. Therefore, IFRS 17, which replaces IFRS 4 “Insurance Contracts”, shall be applied for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. On January 23, 2020, the IASB issued the amendments to IAS 1 “Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current” (hereinafter the amendments), which clarify how to classify debt and other liabilities as current or non-current. Because of further amendments issued on July 15, 2020 (“Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current — Deferral of Effective Date”), the amendments shall be applied for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. On May 14, 2020, the IASB issued:
| · |  | the amendments to IAS 37 “Onerous Contracts - Cost of Fulfilling a Contract” (hereinafter the amendments), aimed to provide clarifications for the purpose of assessing whether a contract is onerous. The amendments shall be applied for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022;
| · |  | the amendments to IAS 16 “Property, Plant and Equipment: Proceeds before Intended Use” (hereinafter the amendments), aimed to state that the proceeds from selling items produced while the company is preparing the asset for its intended use shall be recognised in the profit and loss account, together with the related production costs. The amendments shall be applied for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022;
| · |  | the amendments to IFRS 3 “Reference to the Conceptual Framework” (hereinafter the amendments), aimed to: (i) replace all remaining references to the previous versions of the IFRS Framework with references to the new Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting included in IFRS 3; (ii) provide clarifications on the requirements for recognising, at the acquisition date, provisions, contingent liabilities and levies assumed in a business combination; (iii) state explicitly that a contingent asset acquired in a business combination cannot be recognised. The amendments shall be applied for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022;
| · |  | the document “Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2018-2020”, which includes, basically, technical and editorial changes to existing standards. The amendments to the standards shall be applied for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022.
On August 27, 2020, the IASB issued the amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16 “Interest Rate Benchmark Reform — Phase 2” (hereinafter the amendments), aimed to provide practical expedients and temporary exceptions from the application of some IFRS requirements related to financial instruments measured at amortised cost and/or hedging relationships modified as a consequence of the interest rate benchmark reform, The amendments shall be applied for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2021. On February 12, 2021, the IASB issued:
| · |  | the amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2 “Disclosure of Accounting Policies” (hereinafter the amendments), aimed to provide clarifications on identifying the material accounting policies to be disclosed in the financial statements. The amendments shall be applied for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023;
| · |  | the amendments to IAS 8 “Definition of Accounting Estimates” (hereinafter the amendments), which introduce the definition of accounting estimates essentially to clarify how to distinguish changes in accounting policies from changes in accounting estimates. The amendments shall be applied for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023.
Eni is currently reviewing the IFRSs not yet adopted in order to determine the likely impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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v3.20.4

Cash and cash equivalents | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents |
Cash and cash equivalents | 5 Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents of €9,413 million (€5,994 million at December 31, 2019) included financial assets with maturity generally of up to three months at the date of inception amounting to €6,913 million (€3,984 million at December 31, 2019) and mainly included short-term deposits in euro and U.S. dollars with financial institutions, having notice of more than 48 hours, to meet the Group’s short-term financing needs. Expected credit losses on deposits with banks and financial institutions measured at amortized cost are immaterial. Restricted cash amounted to €198 million (same amount as of December 31, 2019) in relation to foreclosure measures by third parties. The average maturity of bank deposits in euro of €5,948 million was 50 days and the effective interest rate was a negative 0.4%; the average maturity of bank deposits in U.S. dollars of  €944 million was 8 days with an effective interest rate of 0.25%.

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v3.20.4

Financial assets held for trading | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Financial assets held for trading. |
Financial assets held for trading | 6 Financial assets held for trading
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Bonds issued by sovereign states |  | 1,223 |  | 1,462
Other |  | 4,279 |  | 5,298
|  | 5,502 |  | 6,760
The Company has established a liquidity reserve as part of its internal targets and financial strategy with a view of ensuring an adequate level of flexibility to the Group development plans and of coping with unexpected fund requirements or difficulties in accessing financial markets. The management of this liquidity reserve is performed through trading activities in view of the optimizing returns, within a predefined and authorized level of risk threshold, targeting the preservation of the invested capital and the ability to promptly convert it into cash. Financial assets held for trading include securities subject to lending agreements of €1,361 million (€1,347 million at December 31, 2019). The breakdown by currency is provided below:
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Euro |  | 3,731 |  | 4,272
U.S. dollars |  | 1,688 |  | 2,279
Other currencies |  | 83 |  | 209
|  | 5,502 |  | 6,760
The breakdown by issuing entity and credit rating is presented below:
|  | Nominal value |  | Fair Value |  |  |  |
|  | (€ million) |  | (€ million) |  | Rating - Moody’s |  | Rating - S&P
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Italy |  | 499 |  | 506 |  | Baa3 |  | BBB
Chile |  | 187 |  | 192 |  | A1 |  | A+
Other(*) |  | 168 |  | 172 |  | from Aaa to Baa1 |  | from AAA to A-
|  | 854 |  | 870 |  |  |  |
Floating rate bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Italy |  | 253 |  | 255 |  | Baa3 |  | BBB
Germany |  | 56 |  | 55 |  | Aaa |  | AAA
Other |  | 43 |  | 43 |  | from Aaa to Baa3 |  | from AA+ to BBB
|  | 352 |  | 353 |  |  |  |
Total quoted bonds issued by sovereign states |  | 1,206 |  | 1,223 |  |  |  |
Other Bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Quoted bonds issued by industrial companies |  | 974 |  | 992 |  | from Aa2 to Baa3 |  | from AA to BBB-
Quoted bonds issued by financial and insurance companies |  | 893 |  | 910 |  | from Aa1 to Baa3 |  | from AA+ to BBB-
Other bonds |  | 54 |  | 55 |  | from Aaa to Baa3 |  | from AAA to BBB-
|  | 1,921 |  | 1,957 |  |  |  |
Floating rate bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Quoted bonds issued by industrial companies |  | 791 |  | 787 |  | from Aa1 to Baa3 |  | from AA+ to BBB-
Quoted bonds issued by financial and insurance companies |  | 1,298 |  | 1,301 |  | from Aa1 to Baa3 |  | from AA+ to BBB-
Other bonds |  | 234 |  | 234 |  | from Aaa to Baa3 |  | from AAA to BBB-
|  | 2,323 |  | 2,322 |  |  |  |
Total other bonds |  | 4,244 |  | 4,279 |  |  |  |
Total other financial assets held for trading |  | 5,450 |  | 5,502 |  |  |  |
(*) Amounts included herein are lower than €50 million. The fair value hierarchy is level 1 for €5,248 million and level 2 for €254 million. During 2020, there were no significant transfers between the different hierarchy levels of fair value.

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v3.20.4

Trade and other receivables | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Trade and other receivables |
Trade and other receivables | 7 Trade and other receivables
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Trade receivables |  | 7,087 |  | 8,519
Receivables from divestments |  | 21 |  | 30
Receivables from joint ventures in exploration and production activities |  | 2,293 |  | 2,637
Other receivables |  | 1,525 |  | 1,687
|  | 10,926 |  | 12,873
Generally, trade receivables do not bear interest and provide payment terms within 180 days. Trade receivables decreased by €1,432 million due to the drop in prices of hydrocarbons. At December 31, 2020, Eni sold without recourse receivables due in 2021 for €1,377 million (€1,782 million at December 31, 2019 due in 2020). Derecognized receivables in 2020 related to the Refining & Marketing and Chemical segment for €730 million, to the Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables segment for €324 million and to the Global Gas & LNG Portfolio segment for €323 million. Receivables from joint ventures in exploration and production activities included amounts due by partners in unincorporated joint operation in Nigeria of €1,015 million (€1,052 million at December 31, 2019) in respect of the contractual recovery of expenditures incurred at certain projects operated by Eni. The Nigerian national oil company NNPC owed an amount to Eni of €605 million (€764 million at December 31, 2019), in relation to past investments. About half of this amount is subject to a “Repayment Agreement”, whereby Eni is to be reimbursed through the sale of the entitlement attributable to NNPC in certain rig-less petroleum initiatives with low mineral risk, with an expected completion of the reimbursement plan within the next two/three years based on Eni’s Brent price scenario. The overdue receivable is stated net of a discount factor equal to 8%, calculated based on the risk of the underlying mineral initiative. The amounts past due related to current investment activities were assessed based on more conservative assumptions than the ones adopted in previous reporting periods to factor in an increased counterparty risk due to COVID-19 developments. A privately held Nigerian oil company owed us €134 million (€113 million at December 31, 2019) which were past due at the reporting date. These amounts were stated net of a provision based on the loss given default (LGD) defined by Eni for international oil companies in a default state. Receivables from other counterparties comprised: (i) recoverable amounts for €376 million (€373 million at December 31, 2019) of certain overdue trade receivables towards the state-owned oil company of Venezuela, PDVSA, in relation to gas equity volumes supplied by the joint venture Cardón IV, equally participated by Eni and Repsol. Those trade receivables were divested by the joint venture to the two shareholders. The receivables were stated net of an allowance for doubtful accounts estimated on the basis of average recovery percentages obtained by creditors in the context of sovereign defaults, adjusted to reflect the strategic value of the oil&gas sector, and also applied for assessing the recoverability of the carrying amount of the investment and the long-term interest in the initiative, as described in note 16 – Other financial assets. Risks associated with the complex financial outlook of the Country and the deteriorated operating environment were taken into account in the estimation of the expected loss by assuming a deferral in the timing of collection of future revenues and overdue credit amounts which resulted in an expected credit loss rate of about 53%. During the year the percentages of collection of gas sales by the joint venture were in line with the estimated assumption; (ii) amounts to be received from customers following the triggering of the take-or-pay clause of long-term gas supply contracts for €325 million (€104 million at December 31, 2019). Trade and other receivables stated in euro and U.S. dollars amounted to €5,553 million and €4,304 million, respectively. Credit risk exposure and expected losses relating to trade and other receivables has been prepared on the basis of internal ratings as follows:
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni gas |  |  |
|  | Performing receivables |  | Defaulted |  | e luce |  |  |
(€ million) |  | Low risk |  | Medium Risk |  | High Risk |  | receivables |  | customers |  | Total |
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Business customers |  | 1,398 |  | 2,746 |  | 432 |  | 1,351 |  |  |  | 5,927 |
National Oil Companies and public administrations |  | 841 |  | 620 |  | 7 |  | 2,653 |  |  |  | 4,121 |
Other counterparties |  | 1,243 |  | 450 |  | 28 |  | 141 |  | 2,173 |  | 4,035 |
Gross amount |  | 3,482 |  | 3,816 |  | 467 |  | 4,145 |  | 2,173 |  | 14,083 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | (32) |  | (21) |  | (29) |  | (2,429) |  | (646) |  | (3,157) |
Net amount |  | 3,450 |  | 3,795 |  | 438 |  | 1,716 |  | 1,527 |  | 10,926 |
Expected loss (% net of counterpart risk mitigation factors) |  | 0.9 |  | 0.6 |  | 6.2 |  | 58.6 |  | 29.7 |  | 22.4 |
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Business customers |  | 1,922 |  | 2,882 |  | 840 |  | 1,396 |  |  |  | 7,040 |
National Oil Companies and public administrations |  | 1,201 |  | 472 |  | 244 |  | 2,710 |  |  |  | 4,627 |
Other counterparties |  | 1,646 |  | 103 |  | 381 |  | 217 |  | 2,105 |  | 4,452 |
Gross amount |  | 4,769 |  | 3,457 |  | 1,465 |  | 4,323 |  | 2,105 |  | 16,119 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | (13) |  | (4) |  | (16) |  | (2,547) |  | (666) |  | (3,246) |
Net amount |  | 4,756 |  | 3,453 |  | 1,449 |  | 1,776 |  | 1,439 |  | 12,873 |
Expected loss (% net of counterpart risk mitigation factors) |  | 0.3 |  | 0.1 |  | 1.1 |  | 58.9 |  | 31.6 |  | 20.1 |
The classification of the Company’s customers and counterparties and the definition of the classes of counterparty risk are disclosed in note 1 – Significant accounting policies. Management has reviewed its assumptions underlying the recoverability of outstanding receivables in light of the widespread economic and financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis on the counterparty risk. The review of recoverability assumptions led to both an extension in the timing of credit collection (generally of one year) and a step-up in the probabilities of default applicable across the Company’s customer classes. These updated assumptions were based on accumulated experience, independent assessments of the expected increase in the probability of default of commercial counterparts over a twelve-month time horizon to factor in the financial impact of the ongoing crisis, as well as updated evaluations of the probability of unfavorable developments in the operating environment of the main countries where Eni is conducting oil&gas operations leading to an increased risk applicable to our counterparts national oil companies. With regard to customers of the Eni gas e luce business line, the recoverability assessments incorporate the most updated information relating to the performance in credit collection and the ageing of overdue amounts. The exposure to credit risk and expected losses relating to customers of the Eni gas e luce business line was assessed based on a provision matrix as follows:
|  | Ageing
|  | Not-past |  | from 0 |  | from 3 |  | from 6 |  | over |  |
(€ million) |  | due |  | to 3 months |  | to 6 months |  | to 12 months |  | 12 months |  | Total
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customers - Eni gas e luce: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Retail |  | 1,155 |  | 105 |  | 50 |  | 102 |  | 366 |  | 1,778
- Middle |  | 75 |  | 16 |  | 3 |  | 8 |  | 232 |  | 334
- Other |  | 61 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 61
Gross amount |  | 1,291 |  | 121 |  | 53 |  | 110 |  | 598 |  | 2,173
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | (46) |  | (23) |  | (22) |  | (57) |  | (498) |  | (646)
Net amount |  | 1,245 |  | 98 |  | 31 |  | 53 |  | 100 |  | 1,527
Expected loss (%) |  | 3.6 |  | 19.0 |  | 41.5 |  | 51.8 |  | 83.3 |  | 29.7
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customers - Eni gas e luce: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Retail |  | 991 |  | 105 |  | 60 |  | 86 |  | 376 |  | 1,618
- Middle |  | 93 |  | 29 |  | 4 |  | 14 |  | 263 |  | 403
- Other |  | 76 |  | 3 |  | 1 |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | 84
Gross amount |  | 1,160 |  | 137 |  | 65 |  | 102 |  | 641 |  | 2,105
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | (16) |  | (27) |  | (26) |  | (49) |  | (548) |  | (666)
Net amount |  | 1,144 |  | 110 |  | 39 |  | 53 |  | 93 |  | 1,439
Expected loss (%) |  | 1.4 |  | 19.7 |  | 40.0 |  | 48.0 |  | 85.5 |  | 31.6
Trade and other receivables are stated net of the allowance for doubtful accounts which has been determined considering the counterpart risk mitigation factors amounting to €1,016 million (€2,914 million at December 31, 2019):
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Allowance for doubtful accounts - beginning of the year |  | 3,246 |  | 3,150
Additions on trade and other performing receivables |  | 112 |  | 95
Additions on trade and other defaulted receivables |  | 231 |  | 525
Deductions on trade and other performing receivables |  | (82) |  | (119)
Deductions on trade and other defaulted receivables |  | (275) |  | (484)
Other changes |  | (75) |  | 79
Allowance for doubtful accounts - end of the year |  | 3,157 |  | 3,246
Additions to allowance for doubtful accounts on trade and other performing receivables related for €84 million (€65 million in 2019) to Eni gas e luce business line, particularly in the retail business; the increase compared to 2019 is due to the effects of the economic crisis on the solvency of small and medium-sized companies. Additions to allowance for doubtful accounts on trade and other defaulted receivables related to: (i) the Exploration & Production segment for €118 million (€339 million in 2019) and were in relation with receivables for the supply of equity hydrocarbons to State-owned companies and receivables towards joint operators, State oil Companies and local private companies for cash calls in oil projects operated by Eni; (ii) to the retail gas and power business for €97 million (€87 million in 2019). Utilizations of allowance for doubtful accounts on trade and other performing and defaulted receivables amounted to €357 million (€603 million in 2019) and mainly related to the Eni gas e luce business line for €200 million (€343 million in 2019), in particular utilizations against charges of €178 million (€319 million in 2019) mainly in the retail business. Utilizations in Exploration & Production segment of €101 million (€177 million in 2019) related for €73 million to the derecognition of receivables from PDVSA following in-kind refunds. Net (impairment losses) reversals of trade and other receivables are disclosed as follows:
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net (impairment losses) reversals of trade and other receivables |  |  |  |  |  |
New or increased provisions |  | (343) |  | (620) |  | (498)
Net credit losses |  | (36) |  | (45) |  | (37)
Reversals |  | 153 |  | 233 |  | 120
|  | (226) |  | (432) |  | (415)
Receivables with related parties are disclosed in note 36 – Transactions with related parties.

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v3.20.4

Current and non-current inventories | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Current and non-current inventories |
Current and non-current inventories | 8 Current and non-current inventories Current inventories are disclosed as follows:
|  | December 31, |  | December 31,
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Raw and auxiliary materials and consumables |  | 706 |  | 950
Consumables for infrastructure and facility maintenance of perforation activities |  | 1,580 |  | 1,477
Finished products and goods |  | 1,603 |  | 2,284
Other |  | 4 |  | 23
|  | 3,893 |  | 4,734
Raw and auxiliary materials and consumables include oil-based feedstock, catalysts and other consumables pertaining to refining and chemical activities. Materials and supplies include materials to be consumed in drilling activities and spare parts to the Exploration & Production segment for €1,463 million (€1,359 million at December 31, 2019). Finished products and goods included natural gas and oil products for €874 million (€1,467 million at December 31, 2019) and chemical products for €443 million (€547 million at December 31, 2019). Inventories are stated net of write-down provisions of €348 million (€377 million at December 31, 2019). Inventories held for compliance purposes of €995 million (€1,371 million at December 31, 2019) related to Italian subsidiaries for €977 million (€1,353 million at December 31, 2019) in accordance with minimum stock requirements for oil and petroleum products set forth by applicable laws. The decrease in current and non-current inventories was due to the alignment of the book values to their net realizable values at year-end, which were affected by the drop in oil and hydrocarbons prices.

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v3.20.4

Income tax receivables and payables | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Income tax receivables and payables |
Income tax receivables and payables | 9 Income tax receivables and payables
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  | Receivables |  | Payables |  | Receivables |  | Payables
(€ million) |  | Current |  | Non Current |  | Current |  | Non Current |  | Current |  | Non Current |  | Current |  | Non Current
Income taxes |  | 184 |  | 153 |  | 243 |  | 360 |  | 192 |  | 173 |  | 456 |  | 454
Income taxes are described in note 32 — Income tax expense. Non-current income tax payables include the likely outcome of pending litigation with tax authorities in relation to uncertain tax matters relating to foreign subsidiaries of the Exploration & Production segment for €254 million (€362 million at December 31, 2019).

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v3.20.4

Other assets and liabilities | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Other assets and liabilities |
Other assets and liabilities | 10 Other assets and liabilities
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
(€ million) |  | Current |  | Non-current |  | Current |  | Non-current |  | Current |  | Non-current |  | Current |  | Non-current
Fair value of derivative financial instruments |  | 1,548 |  | 152 |  | 1,609 |  | 162 |  | 2,573 |  | 54 |  | 2,704 |  | 50
Contract liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | 1,298 |  | 394 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,669 |  | 456
Other Taxes |  | 450 |  | 181 |  | 1,124 |  | 26 |  | 766 |  | 223 |  | 1,411 |  | 63
Other |  | 688 |  | 920 |  | 841 |  | 1,295 |  | 633 |  | 594 |  | 1,362 |  | 1,042
|  | 2,686 |  | 1,253 |  | 4,872 |  | 1,877 |  | 3,972 |  | 871 |  | 7,146 |  | 1,611
The fair value related to derivative financial instruments is disclosed in note 23 - Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting. Assets related to other current taxes included VAT for €475 million, of which €315 million are current, and advances made in December (€742 million at December 31, 2019, of which €557 million current). Other assets include : (i) gas volumes prepayments that were made in previous years due to the take-or-pay obligations in relation to the Company’s long-term supply contracts, whose underlying current portion Eni plans to recover within the next 12 months for €53 million, and beyond 12 months for €651 million (€174 million at December 31, 2019); in 2020 the Company opted to increase the take-or-pay advance with a view of optimizing its gas portfolio and motivated by the reduction in gas demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic, expecting to recover the underlying volumes beyond the next year; (ii) underlifting positions of the Exploration & Production segment of €338 million (€323 million at December 31, 2019); (iii) non-current receivables for investing activities for €11 million (same amount as of December 31, 2019). Contract liabilities included: (i) advances denominated in local currency of €546 million (€1,228 million at December 31, 2019) to offset future supplies of equity hydrocarbons to our Egyptian State-owned partners in relation to the operations of Eni’s Concession Agreements in the Country, in particular, among these, the Zohr project. In 2020, the decrease is due to the offsetting with the gas invoices for the sale of equity production, considering the substantial completion of the investment activities; (ii) the current portion of advances received by Engie SA (former Suez) relating to a long-term agreement for supplying natural gas and electricity for €62 million (€64 million at December 31, 2019); the non-current portion amounted to €393 million (€455 million at December 31, 2019). Revenues recognized during the year related to contract liabilities stated at December 31, 2019 are indicated in note 28 - Revenues and other income. Liabilities related to other current taxes include excise duties and consumer taxes for €516 million (€628 million at December 31, 2019) and VAT liabilities for €212 million (€311 million at December 31, 2019). Other current liabilities included overlifting imbalances of the Exploration & Production segment for €559 million (€917 million at December 31, 2019). Other non-current liabilities included: (i) liabilities for prepaid revenues and income for €323 million (€420 million at December 31, 2019); (ii) the value of gas not withdrawn by customers due to the triggering of the take-or-pay clause provided for by the relevant long-term contracts, the underlying volumes of which are expected to be withdrawn within the next 12 months for €65 million and beyond 12 months for €372 million (€148 million at December 31, 2019); (iii) cautionary deposits for €261 million (€265 at December 31, 2019), of which €228 million from retail customers for the supply of gas and electricity (€231 million at December 31, 2019). Transactions with related parties are described in note 36 - Transactions with related parties.

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v3.20.4

Property, plant and equipment | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Property, plant and equipment |
Property, plant and equipment | 11 Property, plant and equipment
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other tangible |  |
|  |  |  | E&P wells, |  |  |  | E&P exploration |  | E&P tangible |  | assets in |  |
|  | Land and |  | plant and |  | Other plant |  | assets and |  | assets in |  | progress and |  |
(€ million) |  | buildings |  | machinery |  | and machinery |  | appraisal |  | progress |  | advances |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year |  | 1,218 |  | 46,492 |  | 3,632 |  | 1,563 |  | 7,412 |  | 1,875 |  | 62,192
Additions |  | 12 |  | 6 |  | 229 |  | 265 |  | 3,127 |  | 768 |  | 4,407
Depreciation capitalized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |  | 100 |  |  |  | 104
Depreciation (*) |  | (55) |  | (5,642) |  | (508) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6,205)
Reversals |  | 13 |  | 183 |  | 342 |  |  |  | 98 |  | 12 |  | 648
Impairment |  | (82) |  | (1,551) |  | (972) |  |  |  | (567) |  | (582) |  | (3,754)
Write-off |  |  |  |  |  | (1) |  | (296) |  | (7) |  | (1) |  | (305)
Currency translation differences |  | (2) |  | (3,325) |  | (75) |  | (119) |  | (605) |  | (14) |  | (4,140)
Initial recognition and changes in estimates |  |  |  | 870 |  |  |  | (9) |  | 94 |  |  |  | 955
Transfers |  | 39 |  | 2,677 |  | 755 |  | (47) |  | (2,630) |  | (794) |  |
Other changes |  | (15) |  | (62) |  | (103) |  | (20) |  | 96 |  | 145 |  | 41
Net carrying amount - end of the year |  | 1,128 |  | 39,648 |  | 3,299 |  | 1,341 |  | 7,118 |  | 1,409 |  | 53,943
Gross carrying amount - end of the year |  | 4,082 |  | 136,468 |  | 28,839 |  | 1,341 |  | 11,169 |  | 2,742 |  | 184,641
Provisions for depreciation and impairments |  | 2,954 |  | 96,820 |  | 25,540 |  |  |  | 4,051 |  | 1,333 |  | 130,698
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year |  | 1,274 |  | 42,856 |  | 3,901 |  | 1,267 |  | 9,195 |  | 1,809 |  | 60,302
Additions |  | 12 |  | 144 |  | 223 |  | 508 |  | 6,170 |  | 992 |  | 8,049
Depreciation capitalized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14 |  | 202 |  |  |  | 216
Depreciation (*) |  | (60) |  | (6,435) |  | (537) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7,032)
Reversals |  | 44 |  | 65 |  | 69 |  |  |  | 65 |  | 139 |  | 382
Impairment |  | (47) |  | (659) |  | (500) |  |  |  | (669) |  | (537) |  | (2,412)
Write-off |  |  |  |  |  | (5) |  | (216) |  | (49) |  |  |  | (270)
Disposals |  | (1) |  | (3) |  | (1) |  | (22) |  | (80) |  | (6) |  | (113)
Currency translation differences |  | 2 |  | 815 |  | 21 |  | 24 |  | 181 |  | 1 |  | 1,044
Initial recognition and changes in estimates |  |  |  | 2,028 |  |  |  | 25 |  | 21 |  |  |  | 2,074
Transfers |  | 42 |  | 7,568 |  | 597 |  | (42) |  | (7,526) |  | (639) |  |
Other changes |  | (48) |  | 113 |  | (136) |  | 5 |  | (98) |  | 116 |  | (48)
Net carrying amount - end of the year |  | 1,218 |  | 46,492 |  | 3,632 |  | 1,563 |  | 7,412 |  | 1,875 |  | 62,192
Gross carrying amount - end of the year |  | 4,067 |  | 144,789 |  | 28,191 |  | 1,563 |  | 11,406 |  | 2,799 |  | 192,815
Provisions for depreciation and impairments |  | 2,849 |  | 98,297 |  | 24,559 |  |  |  | 3,994 |  | 924 |  | 130,623
(*) Before capitalization of depreciation of tangible assets. Capital expenditures included capitalized finance expenses of €73 million (€93 million in 2019) related to the Exploration & Production segment for €51 million (€71 million in 2019). The interest rate used for capitalizing finance expense ranged from 1.3% to 2.2% (2.6% to 2.8% at December 31, 2019). Capital expenditures primarily related to the Exploration & Production segment for €3,444 million (€6,889 million in 2019) and included bonuses for €57 million of which €55 million for the acquisition of unproved mineral interest in Algeria. Capital expenditures by industry segment and geographical area of destination are reported in note 35 - Segment information and information by geographical area. The main depreciation rates used were substantially unchanged from the previous year and ranged as follows:
(%) |  |
Buildings |  | 2 – 10
Mineral exploration wells and plants |  | UOP
Refining and chemical plants |  | 3 – 17
Gas pipelines and compression stations |  | 4 – 12
Power plants |  | 4 – 5
Other plant and machinery |  | 6 – 12
Industrial and commercial equipment |  | 5 – 25
Other assets |  | 10 – 20
The criteria adopted by Eni for determining impairment losses and reversal is reported in note 14 – Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets. Currency translation differences related to subsidiaries which utilize the U.S. dollar as functional currency (€4,068 million). Initial recognition and change in estimates include the increase in the asset retirement cost of Exploration & Production segment mainly due to the reduction in discount rates and in estimated costs for social projects to be incurred in respect to the commitments being formalized between Eni SpA and the Basilicata region following to the development plan of oilfields in Val d'Agri relating to royalties for mineral concessions (€439 million). Transfers from E&P tangible assets in progress to E&P UOP wells, plant and machinery related for €1,690 million to the commissioning of wells, plants and machinery primarily in Egypt, Italy, Algeria, Iraq, United States, Kazakhstan and Mexico. Exploration and appraisal activities of 2020 comprised write-offs of unsuccessful exploration wells costs for €296 million mainly in Libya, United States, Angola, Egypt, Oman, Mexico and Lebanon. Exploration and appraisal activities related for €1,268 million to the costs of suspended exploration wells pending final determination and for €66 million to costs of exploration wells in progress at the end of the year. Changes relating to suspended wells are reported below:
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Costs for exploratory wells suspended - beginning of the year |  | 1,246 |  | 1,101 |  | 1,263
Increases for which is ongoing the determination of proved reserves |  | 408 |  | 368 |  | 235
Amounts previously capitalized and expensed in the year |  | (226) |  | (183) |  | (61)
Reclassification to successful exploratory wells following the estimation of proved reserves |  | (48) |  | (46) |  | (297)
Disposals |  |  |  | (15) |  | (6)
Changes in the scope of consolidation |  |  |  |  |  | (58)
Reclassification to assets held for sale |  |  |  |  |  | (24)
Currency translation differences |  | (112) |  | 21 |  | 49
Costs for exploratory wells suspended - end of the year |  | 1,268 |  | 1,246 |  | 1,101
The following information relates to the stratification of the suspended wells pending final determination (ageing):
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
|  |  |  | (number of |  |  |  | (number of |  |  |  | (number of
|  |  |  | wells in Eni’s |  |  |  | wells in Eni’s |  |  |  | wells in Eni’s
|  | (€ million) |  | interest) |  | (€ million) |  | interest) |  | (€ million) |  | interest)
Costs capitalized and suspended for exploratory well activity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- within 1 year |  | 157 |  | 6.7 |  | 185 |  | 7.7 |  | 111 |  | 7.0
- between 1 and 3 years |  | 250 |  | 11.0 |  | 171 |  | 6.4 |  | 87 |  | 2.9
- beyond 3 years |  | 861 |  | 19.3 |  | 890 |  | 26.4 |  | 903 |  | 24.2
|  | 1,268 |  | 37.0 |  | 1,246 |  | 40.5 |  | 1,101 |  | 34.1
Costs capitalized for suspended wells |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- fields including wells drilled over the last 12 months |  | 157 |  | 6.7 |  | 185 |  | 7.7 |  | 111 |  | 7.0
- fields for which the delineation campaign is in progress |  | 631 |  | 14.9 |  | 556 |  | 11.3 |  | 217 |  | 4.7
- fields including commercial discoveries that proceeds to sanctioning |  | 480 |  | 15.4 |  | 505 |  | 21.5 |  | 773 |  | 22.4
|  | 1,268 |  | 37.0 |  | 1,246 |  | 40.5 |  | 1,101 |  | 34.1
Suspended wells costs awaiting a final investment decision amounted to €480 million and primarily related to the exploration costs incurred for the Mamba discovery in Mozambique’s offshore Area 4 (€151 million), for which the venture partners are completing the activities for sanctioning the project. The other suspended costs refer to several initiatives ongoing in the main countries of presence (Nigeria, Congo, Egypt and Indonesia), none of which represented an individually significant amount. Unproved mineral interests, comprised in assets in progress of the Exploration & Production segment, include the purchase price allocated to unproved reserves following business combinations or acquisition of individual properties. Unproved mineral interests were as follows:
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | United Arab |  |
(€ million) |  | Congo |  | Nigeria |  | Turkmenistan |  | USA |  | Algeria |  | Egypt |  | Emirates |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Book amount at the beginning of the year |  | 253 |  | 939 |  | 139 |  | 162 |  | 115 |  | 19 |  | 535 |  | 2,162
Additions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 55 |  | 2 |  |  |  | 57
Net (impairments) reversals |  | (25) |  |  |  | (134) |  | (37) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (196)
Reclassification to proved mineral interest |  |  |  |  |  | (2) |  |  |  | (61) |  | (2) |  | (25) |  | (90)
Currency translation differences |  | (25) |  | (79) |  | (3) |  | (11) |  | (9) |  | (1) |  | (42) |  | (170)
Book amount at the end of the year |  | 203 |  | 860 |  |  |  | 114 |  | 100 |  | 18 |  | 468 |  | 1,763
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Book amount at the beginning of the year |  | 769 |  | 921 |  | 77 |  | 103 |  | 77 |  | 29 |  | 502 |  | 2,478
Additions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 97 |  | 135 |  | 1 |  | 23 |  | 256
Net (impairments) reversals |  | (533) |  |  |  | 65 |  | (27) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (495)
Reclassification to proved mineral interest |  |  |  |  |  | (4) |  | (14) |  | (99) |  | (12) |  |  |  | (129)
Currency translation differences |  | 17 |  | 18 |  | 1 |  | 3 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  | 10 |  | 52
Book amount at the end of the year |  | 253 |  | 939 |  | 139 |  | 162 |  | 115 |  | 19 |  | 535 |  | 2,162
Unproved mineral interests comprised the Oil Prospecting License 245 property ("OPL 245"), offshore Nigeria, for €800 million corresponding to the price paid in 2011 to the Nigerian Government to acquire a 50% interest in the property, with another international oil company acquiring the remaining 50%. As of December 31, 2020, the net book value of the property amounted to €1,085 million, including capitalized exploration costs and pre-development costs. The acquisition of OPL 245 is subject to judicial proceedings in Italy and in Nigeria for alleged corruption and money laundering in respect of the Resolution Agreement signed on April 29, 2011, relating to the purchase of the license . This proceeding is disclosed in note 27 - Guarantees, Commitments and Risks – legal proceedings. The impairment test of the asset confirmed the book value . The impairment review was based on the assumption that the exploration licence due to expire in May 2021 will be renewed or converted into a mining licence. Eni filed an application for renewal/conversion of the licence in compliance with the contractual terms. Considering the inaction of the Nigerian authorities in charge of the matter towards the legitimate request of the Company and the closeness of the expiry date of the licence, in September 2020 Eni started an arbitration at ICSID, the international centre for settlement of investment disputes, to protect the value of its asset. Accumulated provisions for impairments amounted to €20,343 million (€18,226 million at December 31, 2019). Property, plant and equipment include assets subject to operating leases for €358 million, essentially relating to service stations of the Refining & Marketing business line. At December 31, 2020, Eni pledged property, plant and equipment for €24 million to guarantee payments of excise duties (same amount as of December 31, 2019). Government grants recorded as a decrease of property, plant and equipment amounted to €103 million (€112 million at December 31, 2019). Contractual commitments related to the purchase of property, plant and equipment are disclosed in note 27 - Guarantees, commitments and risks - Liquidity risk. Property, plant and equipment under concession arrangements are described in note 27 — Guarantees, commitments and risks - Assets under concession arrangements.

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v3.20.4

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities |
Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities | 12 Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities
|  | Floating |  |  |  | Naval facilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | production |  |  |  | and related logistic |  | Motorway concessions |  | Oil and gas |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | storage and |  |  |  | bases for oil |  | and service |  | distribution |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
€ million) |  | offloading vessels (FPSO) |  | Drilling rig |  | and gas transportation |  | stations |  | facilities |  | Office buildings |  | Vehicles |  | Other |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year |  | 3,153 |  | 313 |  | 497 |  | 460 |  | 6 |  | 707 |  | 32 |  | 181 |  | 5,349
Additions |  | 79 |  | 193 |  | 281 |  | 49 |  | 22 |  | 65 |  | 24 |  | 95 |  | 808
Depreciation(a) |  | (232) |  | (189) |  | (252) |  | (57) |  | (2) |  | (118) |  | (22) |  | (56) |  | (928)
Impairment losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (21) |  | (15) |  |  |  |  |  | (11) |  | (47)
Currency translation differences |  | (251) |  | (13) |  | (13) |  |  |  |  |  | (8) |  |  |  | (7) |  | (292)
Other changes |  | (77) |  | (60) |  | (67) |  | (7) |  |  |  | 6 |  | (2) |  | (40) |  | (247)
Net carrying amount at the end of the year |  | 2,672 |  | 244 |  | 446 |  | 424 |  | 11 |  | 652 |  | 32 |  | 162 |  | 4,643
Gross carrying amount at the end of the year |  | 3,107 |  | 528 |  | 927 |  | 573 |  | 29 |  | 859 |  | 65 |  | 293 |  | 6,381
Provisions for depreciation and impairment |  | 435 |  | 284 |  | 481 |  | 149 |  | 18 |  | 207 |  | 33 |  | 131 |  | 1,738
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First adoption IFRS 16 |  | 3,294 |  | 346 |  | 569 |  | 462 |  | 7 |  | 720 |  | 43 |  | 215 |  | 5,656
Reclassifications |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16 |  | 46
Reclassifications to assets held for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (13) |  | (13)
Net carrying amount at January 1, 2019 |  | 3,294 |  | 346 |  | 569 |  | 492 |  | 7 |  | 720 |  | 43 |  | 218 |  | 5,689
Additions |  | 32 |  | 192 |  | 219 |  | 54 |  | 1 |  | 108 |  | 22 |  | 56 |  | 684
Depreciation(a) |  | (240) |  | (224) |  | (272) |  | (61) |  | (1) |  | (115) |  | (23) |  | (63) |  | (999)
Impairment losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (13) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (28) |  | (41)
Currency translation differences |  | 67 |  | 6 |  | 4 |  | 2 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 3 |  | 85
Other changes |  |  |  | (7) |  | (23) |  | (14) |  | (1) |  | (9) |  | (10) |  | (5) |  | (69)
Net carrying amount at December 31, 2019 |  | 3,153 |  | 313 |  | 497 |  | 460 |  | 6 |  | 707 |  | 32 |  | 181 |  | 5,349
Gross carrying amount |  | 3,393 |  | 528 |  | 757 |  | 532 |  | 7 |  | 806 |  | 54 |  | 274 |  | 6,351
Provisions for depreciation and impairment |  | 240 |  | 215 |  | 260 |  | 72 |  | 1 |  | 99 |  | 22 |  | 93 |  | 1,002
(a) Before capitalization of depreciation of tangible assets Right-of-use assets (RoU) related: (i) for €3,274 million (€3,895 million at December 31, 2019) to the Exploration & Production segment and mainly comprised leases of certain FPSO vessels hired in connection with operations at offshore development projects in Ghana (OCTP) and Angola (Block 15/06 West and East hub) with expiry date between 9 and 16 years including a renewal option and in addition the lease component of long-term leases of offshore rigs; (ii) for €788 million (€831 million at December 31, 2019) to the Refining & Marketing and Chemical segment relating to motorway concessions, land leases, leases of service stations for the sale of oil products, leasing of vessels for shipping activities and the car fleet dedicated to the car sharing business; (iii) for €526 million (€574 million at December 31, 2019) to the Corporate and other activities segment mainly regarding property rental contracts. The main leasing contracts signed for which the asset is not yet available concerns: (i) a contract with a nominal value of €1.7 billion relating to an FPSO vessel that will be deployed for the development of Area 1 in Mexico. The asset is expected to enter under the Group's control and be accounted as RoU in 2021, expiring in 2040; (ii) a contract with a nominal value of €438 million relating to leasing of office buildings with an expiry date of 20 years including an extension option of 6 years; (iii) a contract for the use of a FLNG naval unit, signed by the joint operation Mozambique Rovuma Venture SpA (Eni's interest 35.71)%, for the development of the Coral discovery in the offshore of Mozambique, the amount of which will be determined based on the final cost payments incurred for the realization of the asset by the associated company Coral FLNG SA and the financial charges relating to the debt of this company towards Coral South FLNG DMCC. The commencement date of the lease is expected in 2022, corresponding to the start of production of the Coral field. The main future cash outflows potentially due not reflected in the measurements of lease liabilities related to: (i) options for the extension or termination of lease for office buildings of €302 million; (ii) extension options related to service stations for the sale of oil products of €148 million; (iii) other extension options related to concessions of land for €60 million and ancillary assets in the upstream business for €48 million. Liabilities for leased assets were as follows:
|  | Current portion |  |  |  |
|  | of long-term |  | Long-term |  |
(€ million) |  | lease liabilities |  | lease liabilities |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
Book amount at the beginning of the year |  | 889 |  | 4,759 |  | 5,648
Additions |  |  |  | 808 |  | 808
Decreases |  | (866) |  | (3) |  | (869)
Currency translation differences |  | (40) |  | (269) |  | (309)
Other changes |  | 866 |  | (1,126) |  | (260)
Book amount at the end of the year |  | 849 |  | 4,169 |  | 5,018
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
First adoption IFRS 16 |  | 665 |  | 4,991 |  | 5,656
Reclassifications |  | 132 |  | 36 |  | 168
Reclassifications to liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale |  | (3) |  | (10) |  | (13)
Carrying amount at January 1, 2019 |  | 794 |  | 5,017 |  | 5,811
Additions |  |  |  | 668 |  | 668
Decreases |  | (875) |  | (2) |  | (877)
Currency translation differences |  | 10 |  | 77 |  | 87
Other changes |  | 960 |  | (1,001) |  | (41)
Carrying amount at December 31, 2019 |  | 889 |  | 4,759 |  | 5,648
Lease liabilities related for €1,652 million (€1,976 million at December 31, 2019) to the portion of the liabilities attributable to joint operators in Eni-led projects which will be recovered through the mechanism of the cash calls. Total cash outflows for leases consisted of the following: (i) cash payments for the principal portion of the lease liability for €869 million; (ii) cash payments for the interest portion of €329 million. Lease liabilities stated in U.S. dollars and euro amounted to €3,447 million and €1,411 million, respectively. Other changes in right-of-use assets and lease liabilities essentially related to early termination or renegotiation of lease contracts. The amounts recognised in the profit and loss account consist of the following:
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
(€ million) |  |  |  |
Other income and revenues |  |  |  |
Income from remeasurement of lease liabilitiy |  | 12 |  | 6
|  | 12 |  | 6
Purchases, services and other |  |  |  |
Short-term leases |  | 67 |  | 115
Low-value leases |  | 37 |  | 39
Variable lease payments not included in the measurement of lease liabilities |  | 7 |  | 16
Capitalised direct cost associated with self-constructed assets - tangible assets |  | (2) |  | (2)
|  | 109 |  | 168
Depreciation and impairments |  |  |  |
Depreciation of RoU leased assets |  | 928 |  | 999
Capitalised direct cost associated with self-constructed assets - tangible assets |  | (96) |  | (210)
Impairment losses of RoU leased assets |  | 47 |  | 41
|  | 879 |  | 830
Finance income (expense) from leases |  |  |  |
Interests on lease liabilities |  | (347) |  | (378)
Capitalised finance expense of ROU leased assets - tangible assets |  | 7 |  | 17
Net currency translation differences on lease liabilities |  | 24 |  | (6)
|  | (316) |  | (367)

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v3.20.4

Intangible assets | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Intangible assets |
Intangible assets | 13 Intangible assets
|  |  |  | Industrial patents and |  | Other |  | Intangible assets |  |  |  |
|  | Exploration |  | intellectual property |  | intangible |  | with finite useful |  |  |  |
(€ million) |  | rights |  | rights |  | assets |  | lives |  | Goodwill |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year |  | 1,031 |  | 195 |  | 568 |  | 1,794 |  | 1,265 |  | 3,059
Additions |  | 18 |  | 23 |  | 196 |  | 237 |  |  |  | 237
Amortization |  | (53) |  | (92) |  | (130) |  | (275) |  |  |  | (275)
Impairments |  | (23) |  |  |  | (7) |  | (30) |  | (24) |  | (54)
Reversals |  |  |  |  |  | 24 |  | 24 |  |  |  | 24
Write-off |  | (19) |  | (5) |  |  |  | (24) |  |  |  | (24)
Changes in the scope of consolidation |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 7 |  | 70 |  | 77
Currency translation differences |  | (66) |  |  |  | (3) |  | (69) |  | (14) |  | (83)
Other changes |  |  |  | 41 |  | (66) |  | (25) |  |  |  | (25)
Net carrying amount at the end of the year |  | 888 |  | 162 |  | 589 |  | 1,639 |  | 1,297 |  | 2,936
Gross carrying amount at the end of the year |  | 1,613 |  | 1,623 |  | 4,399 |  | 7,635 |  |  |  |
Provisions for amortization and impairment |  | 725 |  | 1,461 |  | 3,810 |  | 5,996 |  |  |  |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year |  | 1,081 |  | 221 |  | 584 |  | 1,886 |  | 1,284 |  | 3,170
Additions |  | 78 |  | 23 |  | 210 |  | 311 |  |  |  | 311
Amortization |  | (81) |  | (93) |  | (117) |  | (291) |  |  |  | (291)
Impairments |  | (19) |  |  |  | (72) |  | (91) |  | (26) |  | (117)
Write-off |  | (28) |  | (1) |  | (1) |  | (30) |  |  |  | (30)
Currency translation differences |  | 18 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 19 |  | 3 |  | 22
Other changes |  | (18) |  | 45 |  | (37) |  | (10) |  | 4 |  | (6)
Net carrying amount at the end of the year |  | 1,031 |  | 195 |  | 568 |  | 1,794 |  | 1,265 |  | 3,059
Gross carrying amount at the end of the year |  | 1,748 |  | 1,597 |  | 4,373 |  | 7,718 |  |  |  |
Provisions for amortization and impairment |  | 717 |  | 1,402 |  | 3,805 |  | 5,924 |  |  |  |
Exploration rights comprised the residual book value of license and leasehold property acquisition costs relating to areas with proved reserves, which are amortized based on UOP criteria and are regularly reviewed for impairment. Furthermore, they include the cost of unproved areas which are suspended pending a final determination of the success of the exploration activity or until management confirms its commitment to the initiative. Additions for the year related to signature bonuses paid for the acquisition of new exploration acreage in Angola, Albania, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Oman and the extension of a licence in Gabon. The breakdown of exploration rights by type of asset was as follows:
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Proved licence and leasehold property acquisition costs |  | 225 |  | 291
Unproved licence and leasehold property acquisition costs |  | 653 |  | 709
Other mineral interests |  | 10 |  | 31
|  | 888 |  | 1,031
Industrial patents and intellectual property rights mainly regarded the acquisition and internal development of software and rights for the use of production processes and software. Other intangible assets comprised: (i) customer acquisition costs relating to Eni gas e luce business line for €262 million (€226 million at December 31, 2019); (ii) concessions, licenses, trademarks and similar items for €88 million (€102 million at December 31, 2019) comprised transmission rights for natural gas imported from Algeria for €25 million (€30 million at December 31, 2019); (iii) capital expenditures in progress on natural gas pipelines for which Eni has acquired transport rights for €78 million (same amount as of December 31, 2019). The main amortization rates used were substantially unchanged from the previous year and ranged as follows:
(%) |  |
Exploration rights |  | UOP
Transport rights of natural gas |  | 3
Other concessions, licenses, trademarks and similar items |  | 3 - 33
Service concession arrangements |  | 20 - 33
Capitalized costs for customer acquisition |  | 17 - 33
Other intangible assets |  | 4 - 20
Cumulative impairment charges at the end of the year amounted to €2,457 million. The breakdown of goodwill by segment is provided below:
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Eni gas e luce |  | 1,046 |  | 981
Exploration & Production |  | 146 |  | 190
Refining & Marketing |  | 93 |  | 93
Corporate and Other activities |  | 11 |  |
Renewables |  | 1 |  | 1
|  | 1,297 |  | 1,265
An impairment loss of goodwill was recorded in relation to a business combination of the Exploration & Production segment. Change in the scope of consolidation of goodwill related for €66 million to the acquisition of the 70% stake in Evolvere, a group operating in the business of distributed generation from renewable sources. Goodwill acquired through business combinations has been allocated to the CGUs that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the acquisition. With regard to the Eni gas e luce business line, which has significant allocated goodwill, the allocation of CGU was carried out as follows:
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Domestic market |  | 904 |  | 839
Foreign market |  | 142 |  | 142
|  | 1,046 |  | 981
Goodwill allocated to the CGU Domestic market was recognized upon the buy-out of the former Italgas SpA minorities in 2003 through a public offering (€706 million). The acquired entity engaged in the retail sale of gas to the residential sector and middle and small-sized businesses in Italy. In addition, further goodwill amounts have been allocated over the years following business combinations with small, local companies selling gas to residential customers in focused territorial reach and municipalities synergic to Eni’s activities, the latest of which was the acquisition of 70% of Evolvere group, operating in the business of distributed generation from renewable sources, in line with the strategy of growing the market share in the retail sector through the diversification of the product mix by offering green electricity. The impairment review performed at the balance sheet date confirmed the recoverability of the carrying amount of this CGU, including the allocated goodwill. The recoverability of the carrying amount of the CGU Domestic market, including the allocated portion of goodwill, was verified comparing the value in use of the CGU, which was estimated based on the cash flows of the four-year plan approved by management and on a terminal value calculated as perpetuity of the last year of the plan by assuming a nominal long-term growth rate equal to zero, unchanged. These cash flows were discounted by using the post-tax WACC of the retail business adjusted considering the specific country risk for Italy of 4.3%. There are no reasonable assumptions of changes in the discount rate, growth rate, profitability or volumes that would lead to zeroing the headroom amounting to €2,856 million of the value in use of the CGU Domestic market with respect to its book value, including the allocated goodwill. Goodwill allocated to the CGU Foreign market related for €95 million to Eni Gas & Power France SA (former Altergaz SA) operating in France and for €45 million to the acquisition in 2018 of the residual 51% interest in Gas Supply Company Thessaloniki-Thessalia SA operating in Greece, previously participated with a 49% of the share capital. The impairment review performed at the balance sheet date by using a method similar to the CGU Domestic market confirmed the recoverability of the carrying amount of these market CGUs, including the goodwill, by using a post-tax WACC adjusted considering a post-tax country risk for France of 4.6% and 4.8% for Greece. Post-tax cash flows and discount rates resulted in an assessment that substantially approximated a pre-tax assessment.

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v3.20.4

Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |
Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets | 14 Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets Management has adopted a conservative stance in elaborating its view of the long-term oil price outlook, considering the risks and uncertainties associated with the post-pandemic recovery and the pace of the energy transition. With the long-term fallout of the pandemic still being evaluated, management sees the prospect of an enduring impact on the global economy, with the potential for weaker demand for energy for a sustained period, because differently from other recessions, the one caused by the pandemic has involved at the same time all cyclical sectors of the economy and the service sector as well with consequent extreme fluctuations in the economic activity. Eni’s management also has a growing expectation that the aftermath of the pandemic will accelerate the pace of transition to a lower carbon economy and energy system, as countries seek to ‘build back better’ so that their economies will be more resilient in the future. Based on these considerations, management reviewed on the downside the long-term outlook for oil prices, which is the main driver of investment appraisal and the evaluation of recoverability of the Group’s tangible assets. The revised scenario adopted by Eni forecasts a long-term Brent price of 60 $/bbl in 2023 real terms, compared to a previous level of 70$, used in the impairment test in 2019. In 2021 and 2022, Brent prices are set at 50 and 55 $/bbl, respectively. The gas price of the Italian spot market has been projected at 5.5 $/mmBTU in 2023, down from the previous assumption of 7.8$/ mmBTU. Management also revised downwards its expectations of future refining margins considering the collapse in the consumption of fuels driven by the pandemic. The discount rates of future cash flows associated with the use of the assets were estimated on the basis of Eni's weighted average cost of capital, adjusted to discount the specific risks of the operating context of the Group's countries of activity (WACC adjusted). Eni's WACC for 2020 of 6.7% decreased compared to 2019 (7.4%), mainly due to the decline in the yields of risk-free assets of benchmark countries, which turned negative. This trend was mitigated by the greater weight attributed to the short-term volatility of Eni stock (beta determined from independent sources) which compared to the prior year is affected by a greater perceived risk of the oil&gas sector due to climate-related risks and structural weaknesses of the industry, also amplified by the pandemic crisis. The cash flows of the assets have been estimated based on the approved business plans and the residual useful life of the reserves or industrial plants as described in Note 1 - Significant accounting policies, estimates and judgements - Impairment of non-financial assets. In consideration of the generalized presence of impairment indicators in all Eni's business sectors, including the evidence that as of December 31, 2020, Eni's market capitalization was lower than the book value of the consolidated net assets, and the company policy to regularly test the recoverability of carrying amounts, an impairment test covering 100% of the CGUs was performed. In the Exploration & Production sector, impairment losses of assets in production or development were recognized for €1,888 million, mainly due to the revision of long-term hydrocarbons prices and the reduced capital expenditures to develop reserves, as well as downward revisions of reserves. The most significant amounts were recorded at properties in Italy (€566 million), Algeria (€409 million), Congo (€306 million), USA (€232 million) and Turkmenistan (€202 million). The post-tax WACC used ranges from a minimum of about 6% for Italy/USA to a range of 7-8% for the other countries, which are redetermined in a range of 6-14% pre-tax. In the Refining & Marketing business, impairment losses of refining plants were recorded for €1,225 million, mainly related to the Sannazzaro Refinery, driven by the weak fundamentals of the European industry, explained by: the crisis in fuel consumptions due to the pandemic; overcapacity, competitive pressure from Asian and Middle Eastern producers with more efficient scale and cost structures; market dislocations, that have reduced the supply of medium/heavy crude oils, penalizing the profitability of conversion cycles. The pre-tax and post-tax discount rate relating to the Italian refineries is 6.3%. In addition, the recoverability of the carrying amounts of oil&gas activities was assessed also taking into account the expected expenditure for participating to forestry conservation projects, consistent with Eni's decarbonization targets, the achievement of which includes participating in initiatives for the conservation and repopulation of primary and secondary forests to obtain carbon credits, certified according to international standards. Management expects a gradual ramp up of these initiatives in the medium-long term with the aim of having a portfolio of forestry projects by 2030 from which to obtain an annual amount of carbon credits capable of covering the deficit of residual direct and indirect emissions ("Scope 1 and 2") of the Exploration & Production sector for the purposes of carbon neutrality of equity production from 2030 onwards. The expenditures for the purchase of carbon credits are considered part of the operating costs of the Exploration & Production sector with reference to the whole sector considered as a single CGU. Net of these projected costs until the end of the residual life of the reserves, the overall headroom of the Exploration & Production sector determined on the basis of the assumptions of the impairment test is reduced by 4.6%. The reasonableness of the outcome of the impairment review made by Eni at its oil&gas activities was assessed on the basis of a stress test analysis performed using the decarbonization scenario developed the International Energy Agency (IEA) in its Sustainable Development Scenario in the in the World Energy Outlook (WEO) 2020 which draws a pathway and a set of actions consistent with the goal of the 2015 COP21 Paris Agreement on climate. The IEA SDS scenario is a well-established set of assumptions available on the market place relating to the decarbonization of the world economy. The VIUs of Eni's reserves were reassessed with the projections estimated by the IEA of hydrocarbon prices and the purchase cost of emission allowances of the “advanced” economies equal to $140 in 2040 in 2019 currency per ton. IEA price assumptions for hydrocarbons are substantially in line with those adopted by Eni, while the cost of CO2 is significantly higher. This stress test indicates a loss in the value-in-use of the Exploration & Production sector equal to 11% with respect to the base case, assuming non-deductibility or non-recoverability for cost oil purposes of the CO2 charge (-5% otherwise). These sensitivity analyses do not, however, represent management's best estimate of any impairment losses that might be recognized as they do not fully incorporate the consequential changes that management could implement such as changes to business plans, cost reduction, development reshaping, review of reserves and production volumes.

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v3.20.4

Investments | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Investments |
Investments | 15 Investments Equity-accounted investments
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  | Investments in |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Investments in |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | unconsolidated entities |  | Joint |  |  |  |  |  | unconsolidated entities |  | Joint |  |  |  |
(€ million) |  | controlled by Eni |  | ventures |  | Associates |  | Total |  | controlled by Eni |  | ventures |  | Associates |  | Total
Carrying amount - beginning of the year |  | 86 |  | 4,592 |  | 4,357 |  | 9,035 |  | 95 |  | 5,497 |  | 1,452 |  | 7,044
Changes in accounting policies (IAS 28) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 22
Carrying amount restated - beginning of the year |  | 86 |  | 4,592 |  | 4,357 |  | 9,035 |  | 95 |  | 5,519 |  | 1,452 |  | 7,066
Additions and subscriptions |  | 2 |  | 75 |  | 198 |  | 275 |  | 6 |  | 76 |  | 2,910 |  | 2,992
Divestments and reimbursements |  |  |  | (3) |  | (1) |  | (4) |  | (5) |  |  |  | (17) |  | (22)
Share of profit of equity-accounted investments |  | 3 |  | 21 |  | 14 |  | 38 |  | 6 |  | 80 |  | 75 |  | 161
Share of loss of equity-accounted investments |  | (2) |  | (1,399) |  | (332) |  | (1,733) |  | (10) |  | (157) |  | (17) |  | (184)
Deduction for dividends |  | (5) |  | (296) |  | (13) |  | (314) |  | (4) |  | (1,073) |  | (61) |  | (1,138)
Change in the scope of consolidation |  | 3 |  | 30 |  | 1 |  | 34 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | 1
Currency translation differences |  | (4) |  | (254) |  | (345) |  | (603) |  | 2 |  | 67 |  | 17 |  | 86
Other changes |  | (3) |  | 66 |  | (42) |  | 21 |  | (5) |  | 80 |  | (2) |  | 73
Carrying amount - end of the year |  | 80 |  | 2,832 |  | 3,837 |  | 6,749 |  | 86 |  | 4,592 |  | 4,357 |  | 9,035
Acquisitions and share capital increases mainly related: (i) for €89 million to the acquisition of a 49% stake in Novis Renewables Holdings Llc and a 50% stake in Novis Renewables Llc and the subsequent capital increase of both companies as part of the partnership with Falck Renewables for the joint development of renewable energy projects in the United States; (ii) for €72 million to the acquisition of a 40% stake of Finproject SpA, a company operating in the compounding sector and in the production of ultralight fabrics, businesses more resilient to the volatility of the chemicals market; (iii) for €38 million to a capital contribution made to Lotte Versalis Elastomers Co Ltd, a joint venture operating in the manufacturing of elastomers in South Korea. The accounting under the equity method included losses related to: (i) Vår Energi AS for €918 million due to impairment losses recorded at the CGUs of the investee due to a revised long-term outlook for hydrocarbons prices and changes in production profiles; (ii) Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Co (Takreer) for €275 million due to a weaker refining scenario and the recognition of a significant loss in the alignment of the book values of inventories at their net realizable values; (iii) Saipem SpA for €354 million due to a weaker scenario, which impacted the investment decisions of oil companies together with the curtailments of expenditures made during the downturn driving, lower demand for oil and gas services as well as the recognition of impairment losses in particular in the Offshore Drilling CGU. Share of losses of equity-accounted investments included a loss of €46 million accounted at the joint venture Cardón IV SA (Eni’s interest 50%) which is operating the Perla gas field in Venezuela, affected by the slowdown in the gas supplies to the buyer PDVSA due to a deteriorated operating environment. Deduction for dividends related for €274 million to Vår Energi AS. Net carrying amount related to the following companies:
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  | Net carrying |  | % of the |  | Net carrying |  | % of the
(€ million) |  | amount |  | investment |  | amount |  | investment
Investments in unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni BTC Ltd |  | 24 |  | 100.00 |  | 30 |  | 100.00
Other |  | 56 |  |  |  | 56 |  |
|  | 80 |  |  |  | 86 |  |
Joint ventures |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vår Energi AS |  | 1,144 |  | 69.85 |  | 2,518 |  | 69.60
Saipem SpA |  | 908 |  | 31.08 |  | 1,250 |  | 30.99
Unión Fenosa Gas SA |  | 242 |  | 50.00 |  | 326 |  | 50.00
Cardón IV SA |  | 199 |  | 50.00 |  | 148 |  | 50.00
Gas Distribution Company of Thessaloniki - Thessaly SA |  | 140 |  | 49.00 |  | 139 |  | 49.00
Lotte Versalis Elastomers Co Ltd |  | 51 |  | 50.00 |  | 74 |  | 50.00
PetroJunín SA |  | 50 |  | 40.00 |  | 53 |  | 40.00
Società Oleodotti Meridionali - SOM SpA |  | 32 |  | 70.00 |  |  |  |
AET - Raffineriebeteiligungsgesellschaft mbH |  | 17 |  | 33.33 |  | 35 |  | 33.33
Other |  | 49 |  |  |  | 49 |  |
|  | 2,832 |  |  |  | 4,592 |  |
Associates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Co (Takreer) |  | 2,335 |  | 20.00 |  | 2,829 |  | 20.00
Angola LNG Ltd |  | 1,039 |  | 13.60 |  | 1,159 |  | 13.60
Coral FLNG SA |  | 138 |  | 25.00 |  | 102 |  | 25.00
Finproject SpA |  | 73 |  | 40.00 |  |  |  |
Novis Renewables Holdings Llc |  | 65 |  | 49.00 |  |  |  |
United Gas Derivatives Co |  | 58 |  | 33.33 |  | 69 |  | 33.33
Novamont SpA |  |  |  |  |  | 71 |  | 25.00
Other |  | 129 |  |  |  | 127 |  |
|  | 3,837 |  |  |  | 4,357 |  |
|  | 6,749 |  |  |  | 9,035 |  |
Results of equity-accounted investments by segment are disclosed in note 35 — Segment information and information by geographical area. The carrying amounts of equity-accounted investments included differences between the purchase price of acquired interests and their underlying book value of net assets amounting to €44 million relating to Finproject SpA. This surplus was driven by the long-term profitability outlook of the acquired company at the time of the acquisition. As of December 31, 2020, the market value of the investments listed in regulated stock markets was as follows:
|  | Saipem SpA
Number of shares held |  | 308,767,968
% of the investment |  | 31.08
Share price (€) |  | 2.205
Market value (€ million) |  | 681
Book value (€ million) |  | 908
As of December 31, 2020, the fair value of Saipem was 25% lower than the book value in Eni's financial statements. Due to this impairment indicator, given the volatility of the stock and the significant spending cuts implemented by the oil companies in the short and medium term in response to the collapse in hydrocarbons prices, management performed an impairment test of the book value of the investment based on an internal estimation of the value in use of the investment, which confirmed the carrying amount. Additional information is included in note 37 — Other information about investments. Other investments
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Carrying amount – beginning of the year |  | 929 |  | 919
Additions and subscriptions |  | 8 |  | 11
Change in the f air value |  | 24 |  | (3)
Divestments and reimbursements |  | (12) |  | (12)
Currency translation differences |  | (61) |  | 15
Other changes |  | 69 |  | (1)
Carrying amount – end of the year |  | 957 |  | 929
The fair value of the main non-controlling interests in non-listed investees on regulated markets, classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, was estimated based on a methodology that combines future expected earnings and the sum-of-the-parts methodology (so-called residual income approach) and takes into account, inter alia, the following inputs: (i) expected results, as a gauge of the future profitability of the investees, derived from the business plans, but adjusted, where appropriate, to include the assumptions that market participants would incorporate; (ii) the cost of capital, adjusted to include the risk premium of the specific country in which each investee operates. A stress test based on a 1% change in the cost of capital considered in the valuation did not produce significant changes at the fair value evaluation. Dividend income from these investments is disclosed in note 31 — Income (expense) from investments. The investment book value as of December 31, 2020 primarily related to Nigeria LNG Ltd for €579 million (€657 million at December 31, 2019), Saudi European Petrochemical Co “IBN ZAHR” for €115 million (€146 million at December 31, 2019) and Novamont SpA for €77 million.

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v3.20.4

Other financial assets | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Other financial assets |
Other financial assets | 16 Other financial assets
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
(€ million) |  | Current |  | Non-current |  | Current |  | Non-current
Long-term financing receivables held for operating purposes |  | 29 |  | 953 |  | 60 |  | 1,119
Short-term financing receivables held for operating purposes |  | 22 |  |  |  | 37 |  |
|  | 51 |  | 953 |  | 97 |  | 1,119
Financing receivables held for non-operating purposes |  | 203 |  |  |  | 287 |  |
|  | 254 |  | 953 |  | 384 |  | 1,119
Securities held for operating purposes |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | 55
|  | 254 |  | 1,008 |  | 384 |  | 1,174
Changes in allowance for doubtful accounts were as follows:
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Carrying amount at the beginning of the year |  | 379 |  | 430
Additions |  | 7 |  | 11
Deductions |  | (7) |  | (88)
Currency translation differences |  | (26) |  | 7
Other changes |  | (1) |  | 19
Carrying amount at the end of the year |  | 352 |  | 379
Financing receivables held for operating purposes related principally to funds provided to joint ventures and associates in the Exploration & Production segment (€ 883 million) to execute capital projects of interest to Eni. These receivables are long-term interests in the initiatives funded. The greatest exposure is towards the joint venture Cardón IV SA (Eni’s interest 50%) in Venezuela, which is currently operating the Perla offshore gas field, for € 383 million (€5 63 million at December 31, 2019). Financing receivables held for operating purposes due beyond five years amounted to €771 million (€1,018 million at December 31, 2019). The fair value of non-current financing receivables held for operating purposes of €953 million has been estimated based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at rates ranging from -0.5% to 1.4% (-0.3% and 2.0% at December 31,2019). In addition to the expected credit loss model, the recoverability of the financial loan granted to the joint venture Cardón IV SA was assessed on the basis of the recoverability of the investment made by the JV for the development of the Perla field corresponding to the future cash flows of the project adjusted to price possible difficulties in converting future gas sales into cash, essentially assuming a deferral in the timing of revenues collection. The recoverability of other long-term financial assets was assessed by considering the expected probability default in the next twelve months only, as the creditworthiness suffered no significant deterioration in the reporting period. Financing receivables held for non-operating purposes related to bank deposits with the purpose to invest cash surpluses and restricted deposits in escrow to guarantee transactions on derivative contracts. Financing receivables held for operating purposes were denominated in euro and U.S. dollar for €178 million and €1,024 million, respectively. Securities held for operating purposes related to listed bonds issued by sovereign states. Securities for €20 million (same amount as of December 31, 2019) were pledged as guarantee of the deposit for gas cylinders as provided for by the Italian law. The following table analyses securities per issuing entity:
|  | Amortized cost |  | Nominal value |  | Fair Value |  | Nominal rate |  |  |  | Rating - |  |
|  | (€ million) |  | (€ million) |  | (€ million) |  | of return (%) |  | Maturity date |  | Moody’s |  | Rating - S&P
Sovereign states |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Italy |  | 24 |  | 24 |  | 25 |  | from 0.35 to 4.75 |  | from 2021 to 2030 |  | Baa3 |  | BBB
Others (*) |  | 17 |  | 17 |  | 17 |  | from 0.05 to 0.20 |  | from 2021 to 2025 |  | from Aa3 to Baa1 |  | from AA to A
Floating rate bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Italy |  | 11 |  | 11 |  | 11 |  |  |  | from 2022 to 2025 |  | Baa3 |  | BBB
Others |  | 3 |  | 3 |  | 3 |  |  |  | 2022 |  | Baa3 |  | BBB
Total sovereign states |  | 55 |  | 55 |  | 56 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(*)Amounts included herein are lower than €10 million. All securities have maturity within five years. The fair value of securities was derived from quoted market prices. Receivables with related parties are described in note 36 — Transactions with related parties.

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v3.20.4

Trade and other payables | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Trade and other payables |
Trade and other payables | 17 Trade and other payables
|  | December 31, |  | December 31,
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Trade payables |  | 8,679 |  | 10,480
Down payments and advances from joint ventures in exploration & production activities |  | 417 |  | 401
Payables for purchase of non-current assets |  | 1,393 |  | 2,276
Payables due to partners in exploration & production activities |  | 1,120 |  | 1,236
Other payables |  | 1,327 |  | 1,152
|  | 12,936 |  | 15,545
The decrease in trade payables of €1,801 million was mainly due to lower prices of hydrocarbons. Other payables included: (i) the amounts to be paid due to the triggering of the take-or-pay clause of the long-term supply contracts for €376 million (€148 million at 31 December 2019); (ii) payroll payables for €255 million (€215 million at December 31, 2019); (iii) payables for social security contributions for €92 million (same amount as of December 31, 2019). Trade and other payables were denominated in euro for €5,384 million and in U.S. dollar for €6,243 million. Because of the short-term maturity and conditions of remuneration of trade payables, the fair values approximated the carrying amounts. Trade and other payables due to related parties are described in note 36 — Transactions with related parties.

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v3.20.4

Finance debts | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Finance debts |
Finance debts | 18 Finance debts
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  |  |  | Current |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Current |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | portion of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | portion of |  |  |  |
|  | Short-term |  | long-term |  | Long-term |  |  |  | Short-term |  | long-term |  | Long-term |  |
(€ million) |  | debt |  | debt |  | debt |  | Total |  | debt |  | debt |  | debt |  | Total
Banks |  | 337 |  | 759 |  | 3,193 |  | 4,289 |  | 187 |  | 504 |  | 2,341 |  | 3,032
Ordinary bonds |  |  |  | 1,140 |  | 18,280 |  | 19,420 |  |  |  | 2,642 |  | 16,137 |  | 18,779
Convertible bonds |  |  |  |  |  | 396 |  | 396 |  |  |  |  |  | 393 |  | 393
Commercial papers |  | 2,233 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,233 |  | 1,778 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,778
Other financial institutions |  | 312 |  | 10 |  | 26 |  | 348 |  | 487 |  | 10 |  | 39 |  | 536
|  | 2,882 |  | 1,909 |  | 21,895 |  | 26,686 |  | 2,452 |  | 3,156 |  | 18,910 |  | 24,518
Finance debts increased by €2,168 million due to new issuance, net of repayments of €3,115 million, partially offset by currency translation differences relating to foreign subsidiaries and debts denominated in foreign currency recorded by euro-reporting subsidiaries for €876 million. Commercial papers were issued by the Group’s financial subsidiaries. Eni entered into long-term borrowing facilities with the European Investment Bank. These borrowing facilities are subject to the retention of a minimum level of credit rating. According to the agreements, should the Company lose the minimum credit rating, new guarantees could be required to be agreed upon with the European Investment Bank. At December 31, 2020, debts subjected to restrictive covenants amounted to €1,051 million (€1,243 million at December 31, 2019). Eni was in compliance with those covenants. Ordinary bonds consisted of bonds issued within the Euro Medium Term Notes Program for a total of €16,356 million and other bonds for a total of €3,064 million. The following table provides a breakdown of ordinary bonds by issuing entity, maturity date, interest rate and currency as of December 31, 2020:
|  |  |  | Discount on bond |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | issue and accrued |  |  |  |  |  | Maturity |  | Rate %
(€ million) |  | Amount |  | expense |  | Total |  | Currency |  | from |  | to |  | from |  | to
Issuing entity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Euro Medium Term Notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni SpA |  | 1,200 |  | 16 |  | 1,216 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2025 |  |  |  | 3.750
Eni SpA |  | 1,000 |  | 28 |  | 1,028 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2029 |  |  |  | 3.625
Eni SpA |  | 1,000 |  | 12 |  | 1,012 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 3.250
Eni SpA |  | 1,000 |  | 10 |  | 1,010 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2031 |  |  |  | 2.000
Eni SpA |  | 1,000 |  | 9 |  | 1,009 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2026 |  |  |  | 1.500
Eni SpA |  | 1,000 |  | 2 |  | 1,002 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2030 |  |  |  | 0.625
Eni SpA |  | 1,000 |  |  |  | 1,000 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2026 |  |  |  | 1.250
Eni SpA |  | 900 |  | (2) |  | 898 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2024 |  |  |  | 0.625
Eni SpA |  | 800 |  | 2 |  | 802 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2021 |  |  |  | 2.625
Eni SpA |  | 800 |  | 1 |  | 801 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2028 |  |  |  | 1.625
Eni SpA |  | 750 |  | 10 |  | 760 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2024 |  |  |  | 1.750
Eni SpA |  | 750 |  | 6 |  | 756 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2027 |  |  |  | 1.500
Eni SpA |  | 750 |  | (4) |  | 746 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2034 |  |  |  | 1.000
Eni SpA |  | 700 |  | 2 |  | 702 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 0.750
Eni SpA |  | 650 |  | 3 |  | 653 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2025 |  |  |  | 1.000
Eni SpA |  | 600 |  | (4) |  | 596 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2028 |  |  |  | 1.125
Eni Finance International SA |  | 1,427 |  | (3) |  | 1,424 |  | USD |  | 2026 |  | 2027 |  |  |  | variable
Eni Finance International SA |  | 795 |  | 6 |  | 801 |  | EUR |  | 2025 |  | 2043 |  | 1.275 |  | 5.441
Eni Finance International SA |  | 111 |  | 5 |  | 116 |  | GBP |  |  |  | 2021 |  |  |  | 4.750
Eni Finance International SA |  | 24 |  |  |  | 24 |  | YEN |  |  |  | 2021 |  |  |  | 1.955
|  | 16,257 |  | 99 |  | 16,356 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni SpA |  | 815 |  | 5 |  | 820 |  | USD |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 4.000
Eni SpA |  | 815 |  | 3 |  | 818 |  | USD |  |  |  | 2028 |  |  |  | 4.750
Eni SpA |  | 815 |  | (1) |  | 814 |  | USD |  |  |  | 2029 |  |  |  | 4.250
Eni SpA |  | 285 |  | 1 |  | 286 |  | USD |  |  |  | 2040 |  |  |  | 5.700
Eni USA Inc |  | 326 |  |  |  | 326 |  | USD |  |  |  | 2027 |  |  |  | 7.300
|  | 3,056 |  | 8 |  | 3,064 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 19,313 |  | 107 |  | 19,420 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
As of December 31, 2020, ordinary bonds maturing within 18 months amounted to €1,644 million. During 2020, new bonds issued amounted to €3,514 million. The following table provides a breakdown of convertible bonds issued by Eni SpA as of December 31, 2020:
|  |  |  | Discount on bond |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | issue and accrued |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(€ million) |  | Amount |  | expense |  | Total |  | Currency |  | Maturity |  | Rate %
Eni SpA |  | 400 |  | (4) |  | 396 |  | EUR |  | 2022 |  | 0.000
This is a non-dilutive equity-linked bond, which provides for a redemption value linked to the market price of Eni’s shares. The bondholders can exercise their conversion rights at certain expiry dates and/or in the presence of certain events, while the bonds will be cash-settled. Accordingly, to hedge its exposure, Eni purchased cash-settled call options relating to Eni shares that will be settled on a net cash basis. The bond conversion price is equal €17.62 and includes a 35% premium with respect to the Eni’s share reference price at the date of issuance. The convertible bond is measured at amortized cost. The conversion option, embedded in the financial instrument issued, and the call option on Eni’s shares acquired are valued at fair value with effects recognized through profit and loss. Eni has in place a program for the issuance of Euro Medium Term Notes up to €20 billion, of which €16.3 billion were drawn as of December 31, 2020. The following table provides a breakdown by currency of finance debt and the related weighted average interest rates:
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  |  |  |  |  | Long term |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Long term |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | debt and |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | debt and |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | current |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | current |  |
|  | Short term |  |  |  | portion of long |  |  |  | Short term |  |  |  | portion of long |  |
|  | debt |  | Average rate |  | term debt |  | Average rate |  | debt |  | Average rate |  | term debt |  | Average rate
|  | (€ million) |  | (%) |  | (€ million) |  | (%) |  | (€ million) |  | (%) |  | (€ million) |  | (%)
Euro |  | 1,004 |  |  |  | 19,142 |  | 1.7 |  | 464 |  | 0.2 |  | 16,526 |  | 2.1
U.S. dollar |  | 1,870 |  | 1.1 |  | 4,522 |  | 4.6 |  | 1,981 |  | 2.3 |  | 5,392 |  | 4.6
Other currencies |  | 8 |  | (0.5) |  | 140 |  | 4.3 |  | 7 |  | (0.7) |  | 148 |  | 4.3
|  | 2,882 |  |  |  | 23,804 |  |  |  | 2,452 |  |  |  | 22,066 |  |
As of December 31, 2020, Eni retained undrawn uncommitted short-term borrowing facilities amounting to €7,183 million (€13,299 million at December 31, 2019) and undrawn committed borrowing facilities of €5,295 million, of which €4,750 million due beyond 12 months (€4,667 million at December 31, 2019, of which €4,217 million due beyond 12 months). Those facilities bore interest rates reflecting prevailing conditions in the marketplace. As of December 31, 2020, Eni was in compliance with covenants and other contractual provisions in relation to borrowing facilities. Fair value of long-term debt, including the current portion of long-term debt is described below:
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Ordinary bonds |  | 22,429 |  | 19,173
Convertible bonds |  | 497 |  | 402
Banks |  | 4,008 |  | 2,904
Other financial institutions |  | 36 |  | 49
|  | 26,970 |  | 22,528
Fair value of finance debts was calculated by discounting the expected future cash flows at discount rates ranging from -0.5% to 1.4% (‑0.3% and 2.0% at December 31, 2019). Because of the short-term maturity and conditions of remuneration of short-term debts, the fair value approximated the carrying amount. Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities
|  | Long-term debt |  |  |  | Long-term and current |  |
|  | and current |  | Short-term |  | portion of long-term lease |  |
(€ million) |  | portion of long-term debt |  | debt |  | liabilietis |  | Total
Carrying amount at December 31, 2019 |  | 22,066 |  | 2,452 |  | 5,648 |  | 30,166
Cash flows |  | 2,178 |  | 937 |  | (869) |  | 2,246
Currency translation differences |  | (348) |  | (528) |  | (333) |  | (1,209)
Other non-monetary changes |  | (92) |  | 21 |  | 572 |  | 501
Carrying amount at December 31, 2020 |  | 23,804 |  | 2,882 |  | 5,018 |  | 31,704
Other non-monetary changes include €808 million of lease liabilities assumptions. Lease liabilities are described in note 12 - Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. Transactions with related parties are described in note 36 - Transactions with related parties

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v3.20.4

Information on net borrowings | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Information on net borrowings |
Information on net borrowings | 19 Information on net borrowings In assessing its capital structure, Eni uses net borrowings before the accounting effects of IFRS 16 (lease obligations), which is a non-GAAP financial measure. Eni calculates net borrowings as total finance debt (short-term and long-term debt) derived from its Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in accordance with IFRS less: cash and cash equivalents, held-for-trading securities and certain highly liquid investments not related to operations including, among others, non-operating financing receivables. Held-for-trading securities are part of a strategic reserve of liquidity that management has established by reinvesting proceeds from the Group disposal plans and is intended to provide a certain degree of financial flexibility in case of a prolonged price downturn, tight financial markets or in view of other Company’s purposes. Non-operating financing receivables consist mainly of deposits with banks and other financing institutions and deposits in escrow. These assets are generally intended to absorb temporary surpluses of cash as part of the Company’s ordinary management of financing activities. Management believes that net borrowings is a useful measure of Eni’s financial condition as it provides insight about the soundness of Eni’s capital structure and the ways by which Eni’s operating assets are financed.
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
(€ million) |  | Current |  | Non-current |  | Total |  | Current |  | Non-current |  | Total
A. Cash and cash equivalents |  | 9,413 |  |  |  | 9,413 |  | 5,994 |  |  |  | 5,994
B. Financial assets held for trading |  | 5,502 |  |  |  | 5,502 |  | 6,760 |  |  |  | 6,760
C Liquidity (A+B) |  | 14,915 |  |  |  | 14,915 |  | 12,754 |  |  |  | 12,754
D. Financing receivables |  | 203 |  |  |  | 203 |  | 287 |  |  |  | 287
E. Short-term debt towards banks |  | 337 |  |  |  | 337 |  | 187 |  |  |  | 187
F. Long-term debt towards banks |  | 759 |  | 3,193 |  | 3,952 |  | 504 |  | 2,341 |  | 2,845
G. Bonds |  | 1,140 |  | 18,676 |  | 19,816 |  | 2,642 |  | 16,530 |  | 19,172
H. Short-term financial debt towards related parties |  | 52 |  |  |  | 52 |  | 46 |  |  |  | 46
I. Other short-term financial liabilities |  | 2,493 |  |  |  | 2,493 |  | 2,219 |  |  |  | 2,219
J. Other long-term financial liabilities |  | 10 |  | 26 |  | 36 |  | 10 |  | 39 |  | 49
K. Total borrowings before lease liabilities (E+F+G+H+I+J) |  | 4,791 |  | 21,895 |  | 26,686 |  | 5,608 |  | 18,910 |  | 24,518
L. Net borrowings before lease liabilities (K-C-D) |  | (10,327) |  | 21,895 |  | 11,568 |  | (7,433) |  | 18,910 |  | 11,477
M. Lease liabilities |  | 795 |  | 4,057 |  | 4,852 |  | 884 |  | 4,751 |  | 5,635
N. Lease liabilities towards related parties |  | 54 |  | 112 |  | 166 |  | 5 |  | 8 |  | 13
O. Total borrowings including lease liabilities (K+M+N) |  | 5,640 |  | 26,064 |  | 31,704 |  | 6,497 |  | 23,669 |  | 30,166
P. Net borrowings including lease liabilities (O-C-D) |  | (9,478) |  | 26,064 |  | 16,586 |  | (6,544) |  | 23,669 |  | 17,125
Cash and cash equivalent are disclosed in note 5 – Cash and cash equivalent. Financial assets held for trading are disclosed in note 6 – Financial assets held for trading. Financing receivables are disclosed in note 16 – Other financial assets. Finance debts are disclosed in note 18 – Finance debts. Lease liabilities related for €1,652 million (€1,976 million at December 31,2019) to the share of joint operators in upstream projects operated by Eni which will be recovered through a partner cash-call billing process. More information is reported in note 12 – Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

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v3.20.4

Provisions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Provisions |
Provisions | 20 Provisions
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Provision |  |  |  |  |  | Provisions |  | and |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | for site |  |  |  |  |  | for |  | actuarial |  |  |  | Provision |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | restoration, |  |  |  |  |  | taxes |  | provisions |  | Provision |  | for |  | Provision |  | Provision |  |  |  |
|  | abandonment |  |  |  | Provision |  | other than |  | for Eni’s |  | for |  | OIL |  | for |  | for |  |  |  |
|  | and social |  | Environmental |  | for |  | income |  | insurance |  | losses on |  | insurance |  | redundancy |  | disposal and |  |  |  |
(€ million) |  | projects |  | provision |  | litigations |  | taxes |  | companies |  | investments |  | cover |  | incentives |  | restructuring |  | Other |  | Total
Carrying amount at December 31, 2019 |  | 8,936 |  | 2,602 |  | 850 |  | 199 |  | 333 |  | 188 |  | 113 |  | 70 |  | 46 |  | 769 |  | 14,106
New or increased provisions |  |  |  | 168 |  | 172 |  | 61 |  | 160 |  | 44 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 2 |  | 193 |  | 801
Initial recognition and changes in estimates |  | 955 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 955
Accretion discount |  | 190 |  | (2) |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 190
Reversal of utilized provisions |  | (252) |  | (296) |  | (526) |  | (30) |  | (237) |  |  |  |  |  | (7) |  | (14) |  | (266) |  | (1,628)
Reversal of unutilized provisions |  | (3) |  | (183) |  | (96) |  | (53) |  |  |  | (6) |  | (9) |  | (11) |  | (4) |  | (38) |  | (403)
Currency translation differences |  | (469) |  |  |  | (31) |  | (8) |  |  |  | (4) |  | (1) |  |  |  |  |  | (9) |  | (522)
Other changes |  | 5 |  | (26) |  | 15 |  | 1 |  | 2 |  | (24) |  | (8) |  |  |  | (1) |  | (25) |  | (61)
Carrying amount at December 31, 2020 |  | 9,362 |  | 2,263 |  | 385 |  | 170 |  | 258 |  | 198 |  | 95 |  | 53 |  | 29 |  | 625 |  | 13,438
Provisions for site restoration, abandonment and social projects include the present value of the estimated costs that the Company expects to incur for dismantling oil and natural gas production facilities at the end of the producing lives of fields, well-plugging, site clean-up and restoration for €8,454 million. Initial recognitions and changes in estimates of €955 million were mainly driven by a decrease in the discount rates and the estimate of the costs for social projects to be incurred following the commitments between Eni SpA and the Basilicata region in relation to the oil development program in the Val d'Agri concession area (€439 million). The unwinding of discount recognized through profit and loss for €190 million was determined based on discount rates ra nging from -0.2% to 3.7% (from -0.1% to 6.1% at December 31, 2019). Main expenditures associated with decommissioning operations are expected to be incurred over a fifty‑year period. Provisions for environmental risks included the estimated costs for environmental clean-up and remediation of soil and groundwater in areas owned or under concession where the Group performed in the past industrial operations that were progressively divested, shut down, dismantled or restructured. The provision was accrued because at the balance sheet date there is a legal or constructive obligation for Eni to carry out environmental clean-up and remediation and the expected costs can be estimated reliably. The provision included the expected charges associated with strict liability related to obligations of cleaning up and remediating polluted areas that met the parameters set by the law at the time when the pollution occurred but presently are no more in compliance with current environmental laws and regulations, or because Eni assumed the liability borne by other operators when the Company acquired or otherwise took over site operations. Those environmental provisions are recognized when an environmental project is approved by or filed with the relevant administrative authorities or a constructive obligation has arisen whereby the Company commits itself to performing certain cleaning-up and restoration projects and a reliable cost estimation is available. At December 31, 2020, environmental provision primarily related to Eni Rewind SpA for €1,647 million and to the Refining & Marketing business line for €359 million. Litigation provisions comprised expected liabilities associated with legal proceedings and other matters arising from contractual claims, including arbitrations, fines and penalties due to antitrust proceedings and administrative matters. These provisions represent the Company’s best estimate of the expected and probable liabilities associated with ongoing litigation and related to the Exploration & Production segment for €250 million. Reversals of utilized provisions related for €515 million to the Exploration & Production segment in relation to the settlement of contractual disputes. Provisions for uncertain taxes matters related to the estimated losses that the Company expects to incur to settle tax litigations and tax claims pending with tax authorities in relation to uncertainties in applying rules in force were in respect of the Exploration & Production segment for €139 million. Loss adjustments and actuarial provisions of Eni’s insurance company Eni Insurance DAC represented the estimated liabilities accrued on the basis for third party claims. Against such liability was recorded receivables of €116 million recognized towards insurance companies for reinsurance contracts. Provisions for losses on investments included provisions relating to investments whose loss exceeds the equity and primarily related to Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico — ISAF — SpA (in liquidation) for €146 million. Provisions for the OIL mutual insurance scheme included the estimated future increase of insurance premiums which will be charged to Eni in the next five years and that were accrued at the reporting date because of the effective accident rate occurred in past reporting periods. Provisions for redundancy incentives were recognized mainly due to a restructuring program involving the Italian personnel related to past reporting periods.

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v3.20.4

Provisions for employee benefits | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Provisions for employee benefits |
Provisions for employee benefits | 21 Provisions for employee benefits
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Italian defined benefit plans |  | 258 |  | 269
Foreign defined benefit plans |  | 493 |  | 412
FISDE, foreign medical plans and other |  | 182 |  | 177
Defined benefit plans |  | 933 |  | 858
Other benefit plans |  | 268 |  | 278
Provision for employee benefits |  | 1,201 |  | 1,136
The liability relating to Eni’s commitment to cover the healthcare costs of personnel is determined based on the contributions paid by the Company. Other employee benefit plans related to deferred monetary incentive plans for €128 million, the isopensione plans (a post retirement benefit plan applicable to a specific category of employees) of Eni gas e luce SpA for €97 million, jubilee awards for €28 million and other long-term plans for €15 million. Present value of employee benefits, estimated by applying actuarial techniques, consisted of the following:
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  |  |  |  |  | FISDE, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | FISDE, |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | foreign |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | foreign |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Italian |  | Foreign |  | medical |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Italian |  | Foreign |  | medical |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | defined |  | defined |  | plans |  | Defined |  | Other |  |  |  | defined |  | defined |  | plans |  | Defined |  | Other |  |
|  | benefit |  | benefit |  | and |  | benefit |  | benefit |  |  |  | benefit |  | benefit |  | and |  | benefit |  | benefit |  |
(€ million) |  | plans |  | plans |  | other |  | plans |  | plans |  | Total |  | plans |  | plans |  | other |  | plans |  | plans |  | Total
Present value of benefit liabilities at beginning of year |  | 269 |  | 1,044 |  | 177 |  | 1,490 |  | 278 |  | 1,768 |  | 275 |  | 925 |  | 148 |  | 1,348 |  | 309 |  | 1,657
Current cost |  |  |  | 23 |  | 3 |  | 26 |  | 50 |  | 76 |  |  |  | 19 |  | 2 |  | 21 |  | 55 |  | 76
Interest cost |  | 2 |  | 27 |  | 2 |  | 31 |  | 1 |  | 32 |  | 4 |  | 37 |  | 3 |  | 44 |  | 1 |  | 45
Remeasurements: |  | 5 |  | 48 |  | 13 |  | 66 |  | 4 |  | 70 |  | 5 |  | 41 |  | 24 |  | 70 |  | 1 |  | 71
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions |  | (3) |  | (10) |  | 2 |  | (11) |  | 2 |  | (9) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions |  | 9 |  | 71 |  | 13 |  | 93 |  | 5 |  | 98 |  | 7 |  | 50 |  | 3 |  | 60 |  | 1 |  | 61
- experience (gains) losses |  | (1) |  | (13) |  | (2) |  | (16) |  | (3) |  | (19) |  | (2) |  | (9) |  | 21 |  | 10 |  |  |  | 10
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements |  |  |  | (2) |  |  |  | (2) |  | 20 |  | 18 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 8 |  | 9 |  | (2) |  | 7
Plan contributions: |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1
- employee contributions |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1
Benefits paid |  | (20) |  | (33) |  | (9) |  | (62) |  | (63) |  | (125) |  | (15) |  | (28) |  | (9) |  | (52) |  | (88) |  | (140)
Currency translation differences and other changes |  | 2 |  | 32 |  | (4) |  | 30 |  | (22) |  | 8 |  |  |  | 48 |  | 1 |  | 49 |  | 2 |  | 51
Present value of benefit liabilities at end of year (a) |  | 258 |  | 1,140 |  | 182 |  | 1,580 |  | 268 |  | 1,848 |  | 269 |  | 1,044 |  | 177 |  | 1,490 |  | 278 |  | 1,768
Plan assets at beginning of year |  |  |  | 632 |  |  |  | 632 |  |  |  | 632 |  |  |  | 545 |  |  |  | 545 |  |  |  | 545
Interest income |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 20
Return on plan assets |  |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 23
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements |  |  |  | (3) |  |  |  | (3) |  |  |  | (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Plan contributions: |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 14
- employee contributions |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1
- employer contributions |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 13
Benefits paid |  |  |  | (21) |  |  |  | (21) |  |  |  | (21) |  |  |  | (19) |  |  |  | (19) |  |  |  | (19)
Currency translation differences and other changes |  |  |  | (41) |  |  |  | (41) |  |  |  | (41) |  |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 49
Plan assets at end of year (b) |  |  |  | 648 |  |  |  | 648 |  |  |  | 648 |  |  |  | 632 |  |  |  | 632 |  |  |  | 632
Asset ceiling at beginning of year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5
Change in asset ceiling |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (5) |  |  |  | (5) |  |  |  | (5)
Asset ceiling at end of year (c) |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net liability recognized at end of year (a-b+c) |  | 258 |  | 493 |  | 182 |  | 933 |  | 268 |  | 1,201 |  | 269 |  | 412 |  | 177 |  | 858 |  | 278 |  | 1,136
Employee benefit plans included the liability attributable to partners operating in exploration and production activities of €268 million (€175 million at December 31, 2019). Eni recorded a receivable for an amount equivalent to such liability. Costs charged to the profit and loss account, valued using actuarial assumptions, consisted of the following:
|  |  |  |  |  | FISDE, |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Italian |  | Foreign |  | foreign |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | defined |  | defined |  | medical |  | Defined |  | Other |  |
|  | benefit |  | benefit |  | plans and |  | benefit |  | benefit |  |
(€ million) |  | plans |  | plans |  | other |  | plans |  | plans |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current cost |  |  |  | 23 |  | 3 |  | 26 |  | 50 |  | 76
Past service cost and (gains) losses on settlements |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 20 |  | 21
Interest cost (income), net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- interest cost on liabilities |  | 2 |  | 27 |  | 2 |  | 31 |  | 1 |  | 32
- interest income on plan assets |  |  |  | (15) |  |  |  | (15) |  |  |  | (15)
Total interest cost (income), net |  | 2 |  | 12 |  | 2 |  | 16 |  | 1 |  | 17
- of which recognized in “Payroll and related cost” |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 1
- of which recognized in “Financial income (expense)” |  | 2 |  | 12 |  | 2 |  | 16 |  |  |  | 16
Remeasurements for long-term plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |  | 4
Total |  | 2 |  | 36 |  | 5 |  | 43 |  | 75 |  | 118
- of which recognized in “Payroll and related cost” |  |  |  | 24 |  | 3 |  | 27 |  | 75 |  | 102
- of which recognized in “Financial income (expense)” |  | 2 |  | 12 |  | 2 |  | 16 |  |  |  | 16
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current cost |  |  |  | 19 |  | 2 |  | 21 |  | 55 |  | 76
Past service cost and (gains) losses on settlements |  |  |  | 1 |  | 8 |  | 9 |  | (2) |  | 7
Interest cost (income), net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- interest cost on liabilities |  | 4 |  | 37 |  | 3 |  | 44 |  | 1 |  | 45
- interest income on plan assets |  |  |  | (20) |  |  |  | (20) |  |  |  | (20)
Total interest cost (income), net |  | 4 |  | 17 |  | 3 |  | 24 |  | 1 |  | 25
- of which recognized in “Payroll and related cost” |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 1
- of which recognized in “Financial income (expense)” |  | 4 |  | 17 |  | 3 |  | 24 |  |  |  | 24
Remeasurements for long-term plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 1
Total |  | 4 |  | 37 |  | 13 |  | 54 |  | 55 |  | 109
- of which recognized in “Payroll and related cost” |  |  |  | 20 |  | 10 |  | 30 |  | 55 |  | 85
- of which recognized in “Financial income (expense)” |  | 4 |  | 17 |  | 3 |  | 24 |  |  |  | 24
Costs of defined benefit plans recognized in other comprehensive income consisted of the following:
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  |  |  |  |  | FISDE, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | FISDE, |  |
|  | Italian |  |  |  | foreign |  |  |  | Italian |  | Foreign |  | foreign |  |
|  | defined |  | Foreign |  | medical |  |  |  | defined |  | defined |  | medical |  |
|  | benefit |  | defined |  | plans and |  |  |  | benefit |  | benefit |  | plans and |  |
(€ million) |  | plans |  | benefit plans |  | other |  | Total |  | plans |  | plans |  | other |  | Total
Remeasurements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Actuarial (gains)/losses due to changes in demographic assumptions |  | (3) |  | (10) |  | 2 |  | (11) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Actuarial (gains)/losses due to changes in financial assumptions |  | 9 |  | 71 |  | 13 |  | 93 |  | 7 |  | 50 |  | 3 |  | 60
Experience (gains) losses |  | (1) |  | (13) |  | (2) |  | (16) |  | (2) |  | (9) |  | 21 |  | 10
Return on plan assets |  |  |  | (51) |  |  |  | (51) |  |  |  | (23) |  |  |  | (23)
Change in asset ceiling |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (5) |  |  |  | (5)
|  | 5 |  | (2) |  | 13 |  | 16 |  | 5 |  | 13 |  | 24 |  | 42
Plan assets consisted of the following:
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Assets |  |  |  |
|  | Cash and |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | held by |  |  |  |
|  | cash |  | Equity |  | Debt |  | Real |  |  |  | Investment |  | insurance |  |  |  |
(€ million) |  | equivalents |  | securities |  | securities |  | estate |  | Derivatives |  | funds |  | company |  | Other |  | Total
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Plan assets with a quoted market price |  | 117 |  | 38 |  | 297 |  | 8 |  | 2 |  | 76 |  | 20 |  | 87 |  | 645
Plan assets without a quoted market price |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 3
|  | 117 |  | 38 |  | 297 |  | 8 |  | 2 |  | 76 |  | 23 |  | 87 |  | 648
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Plan assets with a quoted market price |  | 32 |  | 39 |  | 388 |  | 7 |  | 2 |  | 79 |  | 17 |  | 65 |  | 629
Plan assets without a quoted market price |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 3
|  | 32 |  | 39 |  | 388 |  | 7 |  | 2 |  | 79 |  | 20 |  | 65 |  | 632
The main actuarial assumptions used in the measurement of the liabilities at year-end and in the estimate of costs expected for 2021 consisted of the following:
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | FISDE, foreign |  | Other
|  |  |  | Italian defined |  | Foreign defined |  | medical plans |  | benefit
|  |  |  | benefit plans |  | benefit plans |  | and other |  | plans
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate |  | (%) |  | 0.3 |  | 0.1-14.7 |  | 0.3 |  | 0.0-0.3
Rate of compensation increase |  | (%) |  | 1.8 |  | 1.3-12.5 |  |  |  |
Rate of price inflation |  | (%) |  | 0.8 |  | 0.8-12.2 |  | 0.8 |  | 0.8
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 |  | (years) |  |  |  | 13-26 |  | 24 |  |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate |  | (%) |  | 0.7 |  | 0.0-13.7 |  | 0.7 |  | 0.0-0.7
Rate of compensation increase |  | (%) |  | 1.7 |  | 1.3-12.5 |  |  |  |
Rate of price inflation |  | (%) |  | 0.7 |  | 0.8-11.3 |  | 0.7 |  | 0.7
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 |  | (years) |  |  |  | 13-25 |  | 24 |  |
The following is an analysis by geographical area related to the main actuarial assumptions used in the valuation of the principal foreign defined benefit plans:
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Foreign
|  |  |  | Euro |  | Rest |  |  |  | Other |  | defined
|  |  |  | area |  | of Europe |  | Africa |  | areas |  | benefit plans
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate |  | (%) |  | 0.4-0.8 |  | 0.1-1.4 |  | 2.6-14.7 |  | 6.4-9.8 |  | 0.1-14.7
Rate of compensation increase |  | (%) |  | 1.3-3.0 |  | 2.5-3.6 |  | 2.0-12.5 |  | 5.0-9.8 |  | 1.3-12.5
Rate of price inflation |  | (%) |  | 1.3-1.9 |  | 0.8-3.1 |  | 2.6-12.2 |  | 3.0-5.0 |  | 0.8-12.2
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 |  | (years) |  | 21-22 |  | 23-26 |  | 13-17 |  |  |  | 13-26
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate |  | (%) |  | 0.8-1.0 |  | 0.0-2.0 |  | 2.6-13.7 |  | 7.3-11.3 |  | 0.0-13.7
Rate of compensation increase |  | (%) |  | 1.3-3.0 |  | 2.5-3.6 |  | 2.0-12.5 |  | 10.0-11.3 |  | 1.3-12.5
Rate of price inflation |  | (%) |  | 1.3-2.0 |  | 0.8-3.1 |  | 2.6-11.3 |  | 3.3‑5.0 |  | 0.8-11.3
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 |  | (years) |  | 21-22 |  | 24-25 |  | 13‑17 |  |  |  | 13-25
The effects of a possible change in the main actuarial assumptions at the end of the year are listed below:
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Rate of
|  |  |  |  |  | Rate |  | Rate of |  | Healthcare |  | increases to
|  |  |  |  |  | of price |  | increases in |  | cost |  | pensions in
|  | Discount rate |  | inflation |  | pensionable salaries |  | trend rate |  | payment
(€ million) |  | 0.5% Increase |  | 0.5% Decrease |  | 0.5% Increase |  | 0.5% Increase |  | 0.5% Increase |  | 0.5% Increase
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Italian defined benefit plans |  | (10) |  | 6 |  | 7 |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign defined benefit plans |  | (84) |  | 92 |  | 47 |  | 25 |  |  |  | 67
FISDE, foreign medical plans and other |  | (10) |  | 7 |  |  |  |  |  | 11 |  |
Other benefit plans |  | (3) |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Italian defined benefit plans |  | (12) |  | 13 |  | 8 |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign defined benefit plans |  | (67) |  | 77 |  | 31 |  | 18 |  |  |  | 34
FISDE, foreign medical plans and other |  | (9) |  | 10 |  |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |
Other benefit plans |  | (4) |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
The sensitivity analysis was performed based on the results for each plan through assessments calculated considering modified parameters. The amount of contributions expected to be paid for employee benefit plans in the next year amounted to €132 million, of which €61 million related to defined benefit plans. The following is an analysis by maturity date of the liabilities for employee benefit plans and their relative weighted average duration:
|  |  |  | Foreign |  | FISDE, foreign |  |
|  | Italian defined |  | defined benefit |  | medical plans |  | Other benefit
(€ million) |  | benefit plans |  | plans |  | and other |  | plans
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 |  | 12 |  | 44 |  | 8 |  | 71
2022 |  | 13 |  | 42 |  | 7 |  | 66
2023 |  | 17 |  | 50 |  | 7 |  | 63
2024 |  | 20 |  | 63 |  | 7 |  | 16
2025 |  | 21 |  | 67 |  | 7 |  | 12
2026 and thereafter |  | 175 |  | 227 |  | 146 |  | 40
Weighted average duration (years) |  | 8.2 |  | 19.1 |  | 13.7 |  | 2.8
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2020 |  | 17 |  | 33 |  | 9 |  | 73
2021 |  | 16 |  | 35 |  | 8 |  | 68
2022 |  | 12 |  | 32 |  | 7 |  | 61
2023 |  | 10 |  | 39 |  | 7 |  | 17
2024 |  | 15 |  | 49 |  | 7 |  | 14
2025 and thereafter |  | 199 |  | 224 |  | 139 |  | 45
Weighted average duration (years) |  | 9.4 |  | 18.1 |  | 13.3 |  | 3.0

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v3.20.4

Deferred tax assets and liabilities | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities | 22 Deferred tax assets and liabilities
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Deferred tax liabilities before offsetting |  | 8,581 |  | 9,583
Deferred tax assets available for offset |  | (3,057) |  | (4,663)
Deferred tax liabilities |  | 5,524 |  | 4,920
Deferred tax assets before offsetting (net of accumulated write-down provisions) |  | 7,166 |  | 9,023
Deferred tax liabilities available for offset |  | (3,057) |  | (4,663)
Deferred tax assets |  | 4,109 |  | 4,360
The most significant temporary differences giving rise to net deferred tax assets and liabilities are disclosed below:
|  | Carrying |  | Carrying
|  | amount at |  | amount at
|  | December 31, |  | December 31,
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |  |
Accelerated tax depreciation |  | 6,171 |  | 6,796
Leasing |  | 1,089 |  | 1,375
Difference between the fair value and the carrying amount of assets acquired |  | 415 |  | 617
Site restoration and abandonment (tangible assets) |  | 199 |  | 126
Application of the weighted average cost method in evaluation of inventories |  | 56 |  | 97
Other |  | 651 |  | 572
|  | 8,581 |  | 9,583
Deferred tax assets, gross |  |  |  |
Carry-forward tax losses |  | (6,983) |  | (6,065)
Site restoration and abandonment (provisions for contingencies) |  | (2,211) |  | (2,242)
Timing differences on depreciation and amortization |  | (2,206) |  | (2,022)
Accruals for impairment losses and provisions for contingencies |  | (1,371) |  | (1,513)
Impairment losses |  | (1,213) |  | (946)
Leasing |  | (1,113) |  | (1,385)
Employee benefits |  | (213) |  | (209)
Over/Under lifting |  | (211) |  | (525)
Unrealized intercompany profits |  | (117) |  | (120)
Other |  | (593) |  | (740)
|  | (16,231) |  | (15,767)
Accumulated write-downs of deferred tax assets |  | 9,065 |  | 6,744
Deferred tax assets, net |  | (7,166) |  | (9,023)
The following table summarizes the changes in deferred tax liabilities and assets:
|  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  | Deferred tax
|  | Deferred tax |  | Deferred tax |  | write-downs of |  | assets, net of
(€ million) |  | liabilities, gross |  | assets, gross |  | deferred tax assets |  | impairments
Carrying amount at December 31, 2019 |  | 9,583 |  | (15,767) |  | 6,744 |  | (9,023)
Additions |  | 960 |  | (2,649) |  | 2,638 |  | (11)
Deductions |  | (1,326) |  | 1,357 |  | (130) |  | 1,227
Currency translation differences |  | (725) |  | 742 |  | (192) |  | 550
Other changes |  | 89 |  | 86 |  | 5 |  | 91
Carrying amount at December 31, 2020 |  | 8,581 |  | (16,231) |  | 9,065 |  | (7,166)
Carrying amount at December 31, 2018 |  | 7,956 |  | (13,356) |  | 5,741 |  | (7,615)
Changes in accounting policies (IFRS 16) |  | 1,470 |  | (1,470) |  |  |  | (1,470)
Carrying amount at January 1, 2019 |  | 9,426 |  | (14,826) |  | 5,741 |  | (9,085)
Additions |  | 1,265 |  | (2,091) |  | 1,161 |  | (930)
Deductions |  | (1,205) |  | 1,407 |  | (174) |  | 1,233
Currency translation differences |  | 194 |  | (182) |  | 34 |  | (148)
Other changes |  | (97) |  | (75) |  | (18) |  | (93)
Carrying amount at December 31, 2019 |  | 9,583 |  | (15,767) |  | 6,744 |  | (9,023)
Carry-forward tax losses amounted to €23,325 million, of which €17,323 million can be carried forward indefinitely. Carry-forward tax losses were €13,153 million and €10,172 million at Italian subsidiaries and foreign subsidiaries, respectively. Deferred tax assets recognized on these losses amounted to €3,734 million and €3,249 million, respectively. Italian taxation law allows the carry-forward of tax losses indefinitely. Foreign taxation laws generally allow the carry-forward of tax losses over a period longer than five years, and in many cases, indefinitely. A tax rate of 24% was applied to tax losses of Italian subsidiaries to determine the portion of the carry-forwards tax losses. The corresponding average rate for foreign subsidiaries was 31.9%. Accumulated write-downs of deferred tax assets related to Italian companies for €7,090 million and non-Italian companies for €1,975 million. Taxes are also described in note 32 – Income taxes.

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v3.20.4

Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting | 23 Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  | Fair value |  | Fair value |  | Level of Fair |  | Fair value |  | Fair value |  | Level of Fair
(€ million) |  | asset |  | liability |  | value |  | asset |  | liability |  | value
Non-hedging derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives on exchange rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Currency swap |  | 125 |  | 127 |  | 2 |  | 97 |  | 43 |  | 2
- Interest currency swap |  | 128 |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | 26 |  |  |  | 2
- Outright |  | 4 |  | 7 |  | 2 |  | 8 |  | 5 |  | 2
|  | 257 |  | 136 |  |  |  | 131 |  | 48 |  |
Derivatives on interest rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Interest rate swap |  | 23 |  | 74 |  | 2 |  | 13 |  | 34 |  | 2
|  | 23 |  | 74 |  |  |  | 13 |  | 34 |  |
Derivatives on commodities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Future |  | 418 |  | 447 |  | 1 |  | 192 |  | 181 |  | 1
- Over the counter |  | 89 |  | 77 |  | 2 |  | 89 |  | 58 |  | 2
- Other |  | 5 |  |  |  | 2 |  | 12 |  |  |  | 2
|  | 512 |  | 524 |  |  |  | 293 |  | 239 |  |
|  | 792 |  | 734 |  |  |  | 437 |  | 321 |  |
Trading derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives on commodities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Over the counter |  | 1,167 |  | 1,451 |  | 2 |  | 2,387 |  | 1,953 |  | 2
- Future |  | 440 |  | 525 |  | 1 |  | 348 |  | 313 |  | 1
- Options |  | 4 |  | 3 |  | 2 |  | 21 |  | 22 |  | 2
|  | 1,611 |  | 1,979 |  |  |  | 2,756 |  | 2,288 |  |
Cash flow hedge derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives on commodities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Over the counter |  | 209 |  | 30 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  | 596 |  | 2
- Future |  | 119 |  | 8 |  | 1 |  | 34 |  | 148 |  | 1
- Options |  |  |  | 51 |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |  | 2
|  | 328 |  | 89 |  |  |  | 35 |  | 746 |  |
Option embedded in convertible bonds |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | 11 |  | 11 |  | 2
Gross amount |  | 2,733 |  | 2,804 |  |  |  | 3,239 |  | 3,366 |  |
Offsetting |  | (1,033) |  | (1,033) |  |  |  | (612) |  | (612) |  |
Net amount |  | 1,700 |  | 1,771 |  |  |  | 2,627 |  | 2,754 |  |
Of which: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- current |  | 1,548 |  | 1,609 |  |  |  | 2,573 |  | 2,704 |  |
- non-current |  | 152 |  | 162 |  |  |  | 54 |  | 50 |  |
Eni is exposed to the market risk, which is the risk that changes in prices of energy commodities, exchange rates and interest rates could reduce the expected cash flows or the fair value of the assets. Eni enters into financial and commodities derivatives traded on organized markets (like MTF and OTF) and into commodities derivatives traded over the counter (swaps, forward, contracts for differences and options on commodities) to reduce this risk in relation to the underlying commodities, currencies or interest rates and, to a limited extent, in compliance with internal authorization thresholds, with speculative purposes to profit from expected market trends. Derivatives fair values were estimated based on market quotations provided by primary info-provider or, alternatively, appropriate valuation techniques generally adopted in the marketplace. Fair values of non-hedging derivatives related to derivatives that did not meet the formal criteria to be designated as hedges under IFRS. Fair values of trading derivatives comprised forward sale contracts of natural gas for physical delivery which were not entitled to the own use exemption, as well as derivatives for proprietary trading activities. Fair value of cash flow hedge derivatives related to commodity hedges were entered by the Global Gas & LNG Portfolio segment. These derivatives were entered into to hedge variability in future cash flows associated with highly probable future trade transactions of gas or electricity or on already contracted trades due to different indexation mechanisms of supply costs versus selling prices. A similar scheme applies to exchange rate hedging derivatives. The existence of a relationship between the hedged item and the hedging derivative is checked at inception to verify eligibility for hedge accounting by observing the offset in changes of the fair values at both the underlying commodity and the derivative. The hedging relationship is also stress-tested against the level of credit risk of the counterparty in the derivative transaction. The hedge ratio is defined consistently with the Company's risk management objectives, under a defined risk management strategy. The hedging relationship is discontinued when it ceases to meet the qualifying criteria and the risk management objectives on the basis of which hedge accounting has initially been applied. The effects of the measurement at fair value of cash flow hedge derivatives are given in note 25 - Equity. Information on hedged risks and hedging policies is disclosed in note 27 - Guarantees, commitments and risks - Risk factors. In 2020, the exposure to the exchange rate risk deriving from securities denominated in US dollars included in the strategic liquidity portfolio amounting to €1,335 million was hedged by using, in a fair value hedge relationship, negative exchange differences for €120 million resulting on a portion of bonds denominated in US dollars amounting to €1,546 million. Options embedded in convertible bonds relate to equity-linked cash settled. More information is disclosed in note 18 - Finance debts. The offsetting of financial derivatives related to Eni Trading & Shipping. During 2020, there were no transfers between the different hierarchy levels of fair value. Hedging derivative instruments are disclosed below:
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  | Nominal |  | Change in |  | Change in |  | Nominal |  | Change in |  | Change in
|  | amount of |  | fair value |  | fair value |  | amount of |  | fair value |  | fair value
|  | the hedging |  | (effective |  | (ineffective |  | the hedging |  | (effective |  | (ineffective
(€ million) |  | instrument |  | hedge) |  | hedge) |  | instrument |  | hedge) |  | hedge)
Cash flow hedge derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives on commodity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Over the counter |  | 821 |  | (438) |  |  |  | 2,179 |  | (1,357) |  | (2)
- Future |  | 541 |  | 158 |  | (1) |  | 1,245 |  | (61) |  |
|  | 1,362 |  | (280) |  | (1) |  | 3,424 |  | (1,418) |  | (2)
The breakdown of the underlying asset or liability by type of risk hedged under cash flow hedge is provided below:
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  | Change of the |  |  |  |  |  | Change of the |  |  |  |
|  | underlying |  |  |  |  |  | underlying |  |  |  |
|  | asset used for |  |  |  |  |  | asset used for |  |  |  |
|  | the calculation |  |  |  |  |  | the calculation |  |  |  |
|  | of hedging |  | CFH |  | Reclassification |  | of hedging |  | CFH |  | Reclassification
(€ million) |  | ineffectiveness |  | reserve |  | adjustments |  | ineffectiveness |  | reserve |  | adjustments
Cash flow hedge derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity price risk |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Planned sales |  | 284 |  | (7) |  | (941) |  | 1,444 |  | (656) |  | (739)
|  | 284 |  | (7) |  | (941) |  | 1,444 |  | (656) |  | (739)
More information is reported in note 27 — Guarantees, Commitments and Risks — Financial risks. Effects recognized in other operating profit (loss) Other operating profit (loss) related to derivative financial instruments on commodity was as follows:
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income (loss) on cash flow hedging derivatives |  | (1) |  | (2) |  |
Net income (loss) on other derivatives |  | (765) |  | 289 |  | 129
|  | (766) |  | 287 |  | 129
Net income (loss) on cash flow hedging derivatives related to the ineffective portion of the hedging relationship on commodity derivatives was recognized through profit and loss. Net income (loss) on other derivatives included the fair value measurement and settlement of commodity derivatives which could not be elected for hedge accounting under IFRS because they related to net exposure to commodity risk and derivatives for trading purposes and proprietary trading. Effects recognized in finance income (loss)
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Derivatives on exchange rate |  | 391 |  | 9 |  | (329)
Derivatives on interest rate |  | (40) |  | (23) |  | 22
|  | 351 |  | (14) |  | (307)
Net financial income from derivative financial instruments was recognized in connection with the fair value valuation of certain derivatives which lacked the formal criteria to be treated in accordance with hedge accounting under IFRS, as they were entered into for amounts equal to the net exposure to exchange rate risk and interest rate risk, and as such, they cannot be referred to specific trade or financing transactions. Exchange rate derivatives were entered into in order to manage exposures to foreign currency exchange rates arising from the pricing formulas of commodities. More information is disclosed in note 36 - Transactions with related parties.

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v3.20.4

Assets held for sale and liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Assets held for sale and liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale |
Assets held for sale and liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale | 24 Assets held for sale and liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale As of December 31, 2020, assets held for sale related to sales of tangible assets for €44 million (€18 million at December 31,2019).

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v3.20.4

Equity | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Equity |
Equity | 25 Equity Equity attributable to equity holders of Eni
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Share capital |  | 4,005 |  | 4,005
Retained earnings |  | 34,043 |  | 35,894
Cumulative currency translation differences |  | 3,895 |  | 7,209
Other reserves and equity instruments: |  |  |  |
- Perpetual subordinated bonds |  | 3,000 |  |
- Legal reserve |  | 959 |  | 959
- Reserve for treasury shares |  | 581 |  | 981
- Reserve for OCI on cash flow hedging derivatives net of the tax effect |  | (5) |  | (465)
- Reserve for OCI on defined benefit plans net of tax effect |  | (165) |  | (173)
- Reserve for OCI on equity-accounted investments |  | 92 |  | 60
- Reserve for OCI on other investments valued at fair value |  | 36 |  | 12
- Other reserves |  | 190 |  | 190
Treasury shares |  | (581) |  | (981)
Net profit (loss) for the year |  | (8,635) |  | 148
|  | 37,415 |  | 47,839
Share capital As of December 31, 2020, the parent company’s issued share capital consisted of €4,005,358,876 (same amount as of December 31, 2019) represented by 3,605,594,848 ordinary shares without nominal value (3,634,185,330 at December 31, 2019). On May 13, 2020, Eni’s Shareholders’ Meeting declared: (i) to distribute a dividend of €0.43 per share, with the exclusion of treasury shares held at the ex-dividend date, in full settlement of the 2019 dividend of €0.86 per share, of which €0.43 per share paid as interim dividend. The balance was paid on May 20, 2020, to shareholders on the register on May 18, 2020, record date on May 19, 2020; (ii) to cancel 28,590,482 treasury shares without nominal value maintaining unchanged the share capital and reducing the related reserve for an amount of €399,999,994.58, equal to the carrying value of the shares cancelled. Retained earnings Retained earnings include the interim dividend distribution effect for 2020 amounting to €429 million corresponding to €0.12 per share, as resolved by the Board of Directors on September 15, 2020, in accordance with Article 2433-bis, paragraph 5 of the Italian Civil Code; the dividend was paid on September 23, 2020. Cumulative foreign currency translation differences The cumulative foreign currency translation differences arose from the translation of financial statements denominated in currencies other than euro. Perpetual subordinated hybrid bonds Eni issued two euro-denominated perpetual subordinated hybrid bonds for an aggregate nominal amount of €3 billion; issuing costs amounted to €25 million. The hybrid bonds are governed by English law and are traded on the regulated market of the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. The key characteristics of the two bonds are: (i) an issue of €1.5 billion perpetual 5.25-year subordinated non-call hybrid notes with a re-offer price of 99.403% and an annual fixed coupon of 2.625% until the first reset date of January 13, 2026. As from such date, unless it has been redeemed in whole on or before the first reset date, which is the last day for the first optional redemption, the bond will bear interest per annum determined according to the relevant 5-year Euro Mid Swap rate plus an initial spread of 316.7 basis points, increased by an additional 25 basis points as from January 13, 2031 and a subsequent increase of additional 75 basis points as from January 13, 2046; (ii) an issue of €1.5 billion perpetual 9-year subordinated non-call hybrid notes with a re-offer price of 100% and an annual fixed coupon of 3.375% until the first reset date of October 13, 2029. As from such date, unless it has been redeemed in whole on or before the first reset date, which is the last day for the first optional redemption, the bond will bear interest per annum determined according to the relevant 5-year Euro Mid Swap rate plus an initial spread of 364.1 basis points, increased by additional 25 basis points as from October 13, 2034 and a subsequent increase of additional 75 basis points as from October 13, 2049. Legal reserve This reserve represents earnings restricted from the payment of dividends pursuant to Article 2430 of the Italian Civil Code. The legal reserve has reached the maximum amount required by the Italian Law. Reserve for treasury shares The reserve for treasury shares represents the reserve that was established in previous reporting periods to repurchase the Company shares in accordance with resolutions at Eni's Shareholders' Meetings. Reserves for Other Comprehensive Income
|  | Reserve for OCI on cash flow hedge |  | Reserve for OCI on |  |  |  |
|  | derivatives |  | defined benefit plans* |  | Reserve for |  | Reserve for
|  |  |  | Deferred |  |  |  |  |  | Deferred |  |  |  | OCI equity- |  | OCI on
|  | Gross |  | tax |  | Net |  | Gross |  | tax |  | Net |  | accounted |  | Investments
(€ million) |  | reserve |  | liabilities |  | reserve |  | reserve |  | liabilities |  | reserve |  | investments |  | fair value
Reserve as of December 31, 2019 |  | (656) |  | 191 |  | (465) |  | (190) |  | 17 |  | (173) |  | 60 |  | 12
Changes of the year |  | (280) |  | 81 |  | (199) |  | (16) |  | 25 |  | 9 |  | 32 |  | 24
Foreign currency translation differences |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6) |  | 5 |  | (1) |  |  |  |
Reversal to inventories adjustments |  | (12) |  | 3 |  | (9) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reclassification adjustments |  | 941 |  | (273) |  | 668 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reserve as of December 31, 2020 |  | (7) |  | 2 |  | (5) |  | (212) |  | 47 |  | (165) |  | 92 |  | 36
Reserve as of December 31, 2018 |  | (13) |  | 4 |  | (9) |  | (143) |  | 13 |  | (130) |  | 66 |  | 15
Changes of the year |  | (1,418) |  | 411 |  | (1,007) |  | (49) |  | 5 |  | (44) |  | (6) |  | (3)
Foreign currency translation differences |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3) |  |  |  | (3) |  |  |  |
Change in scope of consolidation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | (1) |  | 4 |  |  |  |
Reversal to inventories adjustments |  | 36 |  | (10) |  | 26 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reclassification adjustments |  | 739 |  | (214) |  | 525 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reserve as of December 31, 2019 |  | (656) |  | 191 |  | (465) |  | (190) |  | 17 |  | (173) |  | 60 |  | 12
* OCI for defined benefit plans at December 31, 2020 includes €7 million relating to equity-accounted investments (€7 million at December 31, 2019) Other reserves Other reserves related to a reserve of €127 million representing the increase in equity attributable to Eni associated with a business combination under common control, whereby the parent company Eni SpA divested its subsidiaries. Treasury shares A total of 33,045,197 of Eni's ordinary shares (61,635,679 at December 31, 2019) were held in treasury for a total cost of €581 million (€981 million at December 31, 2019). On May 13, 2020, the Shareholders Meeting approved the Long-Term Monetary Incentive Plan 2020-2022 and empowered the Board of Directors to execute the Plan by authorizing it to dispose up to a maximum of 20 million of treasury shares in service of the Plan. Distributable reserves As of December 31, 2020, equity attributable to Eni included distributable reserves of approximately €30 billion. Reconciliation of net profit and equity attributable to Eni of the parent company Eni SpA to consolidated net profit and equity attributable to Eni
|  |  |  |  |  | Shareholders’ equity
|  | Net profit |  | December 31, |  | December 31,
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
As recorded in Eni SpA’s Financial Statements |  | 1,607 |  | 2,978 |  | 44,707 |  | 41,636
Excess of net equity stated in the separate accounts of consolidated subsidiaries over the corresponding carrying amounts of the parent company |  | (10,660) |  | (2,800) |  | (8,839) |  | 5,211
Consolidation adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- difference between purchase cost and underlying carrying amounts of net equity |  | (6) |  | (6) |  | 193 |  | 202
- adjustments to comply with Group accounting policies |  | 264 |  | (348) |  | 2,086 |  | 1,424
- elimination of unrealized intercompany profits |  | 88 |  | (74) |  | (478) |  | (593)
- deferred taxation |  | 79 |  | 405 |  | (176) |  | 20
|  | (8,628) |  | 155 |  | 37,493 |  | 47,900
Non-controlling interest |  | (7) |  | (7) |  | (78) |  | (61)
As recorded in Consolidated Financial Statements |  | (8,635) |  | 148 |  | 37,415 |  | 47,839

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v3.20.4

Other information | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Other information |
Other information | 26 Other information Supplemental cash flow information
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Investment in consolidated subsidiaries and businesses |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  | 15 |  | 1 |  | 44
Non-current assets |  | 193 |  | 12 |  | 198
Net borrowings |  | (64) |  |  |  | 11
Current and non-current liabilities |  | (17) |  | (6) |  | (47)
Net effect of investments |  | 127 |  | 7 |  | 206
Fair value of investments held before the acquisition of control |  |  |  |  |  | (50)
Non-controlling interests |  | (15) |  | (2) |  |
Gain on a bargain purchase |  |  |  |  |  | (8)
Purchase price |  | 112 |  | 5 |  | 148
less: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | (3) |  |  |  | (29)
Consolidated subsidiaries and businesses net of cash and cash equivalent acquired |  | 109 |  | 5 |  | 119
Disposal of consolidated subsidiaries and businesses |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  | 77 |  | 328
Non-current assets |  |  |  | 188 |  | 5,079
Net borrowings |  |  |  | 11 |  | 785
Current and non-current liabilities |  |  |  | (57) |  | (3,470)
Net effect of disposals |  |  |  | 219 |  | 2,722
Reclassification of foreign currency translation differences among other items of comprehensive income |  |  |  | (24) |  | 113
Fair value of share capital held after the sale of control |  |  |  |  |  | (3,498)
Fair value valuation for business combination |  |  |  |  |  | 889
Gain (loss) on disposal |  |  |  | 16 |  | 13
Selling price |  |  |  | 211 |  | 239
less: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  | (24) |  | (286)
Consolidated subsidiaries and businesses net of cash and cash equivalent disposed of |  |  |  | 187 |  | (47)
Investments in 2020 related to the acquisition by Eni gas e luce SpA of a 70% controlling stake in Evolvere, a group operating in the business of distributed generation from renewable sources for €97 million, net of acquired cash of €3 million, and to the acquisition by Eni New Energy SpA of the whole capital of three companies holding authorization rights for the construction of three wind projects in Puglia for €12 million. The allocation of the purchase price of both business combinations is final. Investments in 2019 concerned: (i) the acquisition of a 60% stake of SEA SpA, which supplies services and solutions for energy efficiency in the residential and industrial segments in Italy; (ii) the acquisition of the residual 32% interest in the joint operation Petroven Srl, which operates storage facilities of petroleum products. Disposals in 2019 concerned the sale of 100% of the stake of Agip Oil Ecuador BV, which retains a service contract for the development of the Villano oil field. Investments in 2018 concerned: (i) the acquisition of the business by Versalis SpA of the “bio” activities of the Mossi & Ghisolfi Group, related to development, industrialization, licensing of bio-chemical technologies and processes based on use of renewable sources for €75 million; (ii) the acquisition of the remaining 51% stake in the Gas Supply Company of Thessaloniki - Thessalia SA which distributes and sells gas in Greece for €24 million, net of cash acquired of €28 million; (iii) the acquisition of the company Mestni Plinovodi distribucija plina doo, which distributes and sells gas in Slovenia for €15 million, net of cash acquired for €1 million. The gain from bargain purchase, recognized in Other income and revenues, was due to the obtainable synergies from the greater ability to recover the investments made by the acquired company due to the combination of customer portfolios. Disposals in 2018 concerned: (i) the loss of control of Eni Norge AS resulting from the business combination with Point Resources AS, with the establishment of the equity-accounted joint venture Vår Energi AS (Eni’s interest 69.60%), that will develop the project portfolio of the combined entities. The operation entailed the change in scope of consolidation of €2,486 million of net assets, of which cash and cash equivalents for €258 million, the recognition of the investment in Vår Energi AS for €3,498 million and a fair value gain of €889 million, net of negative exchange rate differences of €123 million; (ii) the sale of 98.99% (entire stake owned) of Tigáz Zrt and Tigáz Dso (100% Tigáz Zrt) operating in the gas distribution business in Hungary to the MET Holding AG group for €145 million net of cash divested of €13 million; (iii) the sale by Lasmo Sanga Sanga of the business relating to a 26.25% stake (entire stake owned) in the PSA of the Sanga Sanga gas and condensates field for €33 million; (iv) the sale of 100% of Eni Croatia BV, which owns shares of gas projects in Croatia to INA-Industrija Nafte dd for €20 million, net of cash divested of €15 million; (v) the sale of 100% of Eni Trinidad and Tobago Ltd, which holds a share of a gas project in Trinidad and Tobago for €10 million.

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v3.20.4

Guarantees, commitments and risks | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Guarantees, commitments and risks | 27 Guarantees, commitments and risks Guarantees
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Consolidated subsidiaries |  | 4,758 |  | 4,323
Unconsolidated subsidiaries |  | 176 |  | 197
Joint ventures and associates |  | 3,800 |  | 4,075
Others |  | 150 |  | 267
|  | 8,884 |  | 8,862
Guarantees issued on behalf of consolidated subsidiaries of €4,758 million (€4,323 million at December 31, 2019) primarily consisted of guarantees given to third parties relating to bid bonds and performance bonds for €3,209 million (€2,886 million at December 31,2019). At December 31, 2019, the underlying commitment issued on behalf of consolidated subsidiaries covered by such guarantees was €4,520 million (€4,013 million at December 31, 2019). Guarantees issued on behalf of joint ventures and associates of €3,800 million (€4,075 million at December 31, 2019) primarily consisted of: (i) unsecured guarantees and other guarantees for €1,533 million issued towards banks and other lending institutions in relation to loans and lines of credit received (€1,676 million at December 31, 2019), of which €1,304 million (€1,425 million at December 31, 2019) related to guarantees issued as part of the Coral development project offshore Mozambique with respect to the financing agreements of the project with Export Credit Agencies and banks; (ii) guarantees given to third parties relating to bid bonds and performance bonds for €1,544 million (€1,661 million at December 31, 2019), of which €1,079 million (€1,168 million at December 31, 2019) related to guarantees issued towards the contractors who are building a floating vessel for gas liquefaction and exportation (FLNG) as part of the Coral development project offshore Mozambique; (iii) an unsecured guarantee of €499 million (same amount as of December 31, 2019) given by Eni SpA on behalf of the participated Saipem joint-venture to Treno Alta Velocità - TAV SpA (now RFI - Rete Ferroviaria Italiana SpA) for the proper and timely completion of a project for the construction of the Milan-Bologna fast track railway by the CEPAV (Consorzio Eni per l’Alta Velocità) Uno; (iv) a guarantee issued in favor of Gulf LNG Energy and Gulf LNG Pipeline and on behalf of Angola LNG Supply Service Llc (Eni’s interest 13.60%) to cover contractual commitments of paying re-gasification fees for €165 million (€181 million at December 31, 2019). At December 31, 2020, the underlying commitment issued on behalf of joint ventures and associates covered by such guarantees was €1,898 million (€2,109 million at December 31, 2019). Guarantees issued on behalf of third parties of €150 million (€267 million at December 31, 2019) related for €145 million (€158 million at December 31, 2019) to the share of the guarantee attributable to the State oil Company of Mozambique ENH, which was assumed by Eni in favor of the consortium financing the construction of the Coral project FLNG vessel. At December 31, 2020, the underlying commitment issued on behalf of third parties covered by such guarantees was €87 million (€80 million at December 31, 2019). As provided by the contract that regulates the petroleum activities in Area 4 offshore Mozambique, Eni SpA in its capacity as parent company of the operator Mozambique Rovuma Venture SpA has provided concurrently with the approval of the development plan of the reserves which are located exclusively within the concession area, an irrevocable and unconditional parent company guarantee in respect of any possible claims or any contractual breaches in connection with the petroleum activities to be carried out in the contractual area, including those activities in charge of the special purpose entities like Coral FLNG SA, to the benefit of the Government of Mozambique and third parties. The obligations of the guarantor towards the Government of Mozambique are unlimited (non-quantifiable commitments), whereas they provide a maximum liability of €1,223 million in respect of third-parties claims. This guarantee will be effective until the completion of any decommissioning activity related to both the development plan of Coral as well as any development plan to be executed within Area 4 (particularly the Mamba project). This parent company guarantee issued by Eni covering 100% of the aforementioned obligations was taken over by the other concessionaires (Kogas, Galp and ENH) and by ExxonMobil and CNPC shareholders of the joint operation Mozambico Rovuma Venture SpA, in proportion to their respective participating interest in Area 4. Commitments and risks
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Commitments |  | 69,998 |  | 74,338
Risks |  | 600 |  | 676
|  | 70,598 |  | 75,014
Commitments related to: (i) parent company guarantees that were issued in connection with certain contractual commitments for hydrocarbon exploration and production activities and quantified, based on the capital expenditures to be incurred, to be €64,294 million (€65,374 million at December 31, 2019). The decrease of €1,080 million was primarily determined by negative exchange rate differences; (ii) a parent company guarantee of €3,260 million (€6,527 million at December 31, 2019) given on behalf of Eni Abu Dhabi Refining & Trading BV following the Share Purchase Agreement to acquire from Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) a 20% equity interest in ADNOC Refining and the set-up of ADNOC Global Trading Ltd dedicated to marketing petroleum products. The decrease of €3,267 million related to the extinction of the parent company guarantee, issued to guarantee the obligations under the Share Purchase Agreement,following the payment of the deferred consideration amounting to €73 million. The parent company guarantee still outstanding has been issued to guarantee the obligations set out in the Shareholders Agreements and will remain in force as long as the investment is maintained; (iii) commitments assumed by Eni USA Gas Marketing Llc towards Angola LNG Supply Service Llc for the purchase of volumes of re-gasified gas at the Pascagoula plant (United States) over a twenty-year period (until 2031). The expected commitments were estimated at €1,672 million (€1,978 million at December 31, 2019) and have been included in off-balance sheet contractual commitments in the table “Future payments under contractual obligations” in the paragraph Liquidity risk. However, since the project has been abandoned by the partners, Eni does not expect to make any payment under those contractual obligations. In 2018, the contractual commitment signed in December 2007 between Eni USA Gas Marketing Llc and Gulf LNG Energy Llc (GLE) and Gulf LNG Pipeline Llc (GLP) for the purchase of long-term regasification and transport services (until 2031) amounting at December 31, 2017 to €948 million (undiscounted) ceased due to an arbitration ruling. The jurors established that the commitment was resolved by March 1, 2016 and recognized to the counterparty an equitable compensation of €324 million. Despite the ruling of the arbitration court invalidating the contract, GLE and GLP filed a claim with the Supreme Court of New York against Eni SpA demanding the enforcement of the parent company guarantee issued by Eni for the payment of the regasification fees until the original due date of the contract (2031) for a maximum amount of €757 million. Eni believes that the claims by GLE and GLP have no merit and is defending the action; (iv) the commitment to purchase of a 20% stake of the project relating to the Dogger Bank (A and B) wind facility in the North Sea for €451 million; (v) the commitment to purchase the remaining 60% stake of Finproject SpA, a company engaged in the compounding sector for €150 million; (vi) a memorandum of intent signed with the Basilicata Region, whereby Eni has agreed to invest €108 million (€114 million at December 31, 2019) in the future, also on account of Shell Italia E&P SpA, in connection with Eni’s development plan of oilfields in Val d’Agri. The commitment has been included in the off-balance sheet contractual commitments in the following paragraph “Liquidity risk”. Risks relate to potential risks associated with: (i) contractual assurances given to acquirers of certain investments and businesses of Eni for €230 million (€248 million at December 31, 2019); (ii) assets of third parties under the custody of Eni for €370 million (€428 million at December 31, 2019). Other commitments and risks A parent company guarantee was issued on behalf of Cardón IV SA (Eni’s interest 50%), a joint venture operating the Perla gas field located in Venezuela, for the supply to PDVSA GAS of the volumes of gas produced by the field until the end of the concession agreement (2036). This guarantee cannot be quantified because the penalty clause for unilateral anticipated resolution originally set for Eni and the relevant quantification became ineffective due to a revision of the contractual terms. In case of failure on part of the operator to deliver the contractual gas volumes out of production, the claim under the guarantee will be determined by applying the local legislation. Eni’s share (50%) of the contractual volumes of gas to be delivered to PDVSA GAS amounted to a total of around €12 billion. Notwithstanding this amount does not properly represent the guarantee exposure, nonetheless such amount represents the maximum financial exposure at risk for Eni. A similar guarantee was issued by PDVSA on behalf of Eni for the fulfillment of the purchase commitments of the gas volumes by PDVSA GAS. Other commitments include the agreements entered into for forestry initiatives, implemented within the low carbon strategy defined by the Company,concerning the commitments for the purchase, until 2038,of carbon credits produced and certified according to international standards by subjects specialized in forest conservation programs. Eni is liable for certain non-quantifiable risks related to contractual guarantees given to acquirers of certain Eni assets, including businesses and investments, against certain contingent liabilities deriving from tax, social security contributions, environmental issues and other matters applicable to periods during which such assets were operated by Eni. Eni believes such matters will not have a material adverse effect on Eni’s results of operations and cash flow. Risk factors The following is the description of financial risks and their management and control. With reference to the issues related to credit risk, the parameters adopted for the determination of expected losses and, in particular, the estimates of the probability of default and the loss given default have been updated to take into account the impacts of COVID-19 and its related effects on the economic context and the degree of solvency of Eni's counterparts. The crisis in energy consumption connected to lockdown measures adopted by the governments around the world to contain the spread of the pandemic and the consequent collapse in hydrocarbon prices have led to a significant contraction in Eni's operating cash flows. Management has adopted all the necessary actions to protect the liquidity and the capital ratios of the Company by reducing costs and investments, by updating the shareholders' remuneration policy and by recurring to capital market as described in the section Impact of COVID-19 pandemic of the Management Report, to which reference is made. As of December 31, 2020, the Company retains liquidity reserves that management deems enough to meet the financial obligations due in the next eighteen months. No significant effects were reported on hedging transactions connected to the impacts of COVID-19 on the economic context. Financial risks Financial risks are managed in respect of guidelines issued by the Board of Directors of Eni SpA in its role of directing and setting the risk limits, targeting to align and centrally coordinate Group companies’ policies on financial risks (“Guidelines on financial risks management and control”). The “Guidelines” define for each financial risk the key components of the management and control process, such as the aim of the risk management, the valuation methodology, the structure of limits, the relationship model and the hedging and mitigation instruments. Market risk Market risk is the possibility that changes in currency exchange rates, interest rates or commodity prices will adversely affect the value of the Group’s financial assets, liabilities or expected future cash flows. The Company actively manages market risk in accordance with a set of policies and guidelines that provide a centralized model of handling finance, treasury and risk management transactions based on the Company’s departments of operational finance: the parent company’s (Eni SpA) finance department, Eni Finance International SA, Eni Finance USA Inc and Banque Eni SA, which is subject to certain bank regulatory restrictions preventing the Group’s exposure to concentrations of credit risk, and Eni Trading & Shipping that is in charge to execute certain activities relating to commodity derivatives. In particular, Eni Corporate finance department, Eni Finance International SA and Eni Finance USA Inc manage subsidiaries’ financing requirements in and outside Italy and in the United States of America, respectively, covering funding requirements and using available surpluses. All transactions concerning currencies and derivative contracts on interest rates and currencies different from commodities are managed by the parent company, while Eni Trading & Shipping SpA executes the negotiation of commodity derivatives over the market. Eni SpA and Eni Trading & Shipping SpA (also through its subsidiary Eni Trading & Shipping Inc) perform trading activities in financial derivatives on external trading venues, such as European and non-European regulated markets, Multilateral Trading Facility (MTF), Organized Trading Facility (OTF), or similar and brokerage platforms (i.e. SEF), and over the counter on a bilateral basis with external counterparties. Other legal entities belonging to Eni that require financial derivatives enter into these transactions through Eni Trading & Shipping and Eni SpA based on the relevant asset class expertise. Eni uses derivative financial instruments (derivatives) in order to minimize exposure to market risks related to fluctuations in exchange rates relating to those transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency (the euro) and interest rates, as well as to optimize exposure to commodity prices fluctuations taking into account the currency in which commodities are quoted. Eni monitors every activity in derivatives classified as risk-reducing (in particular, back-to-back activities, flow hedging activities, asset-backed hedging activities and portfolio-management activities) directly or indirectly related to covered industrial assets, so as to effectively optimize the risk profile to which Eni is exposed or could be exposed. If the result of the monitoring shows those derivatives should not be considered as risk reducing, these derivatives are reclassified in proprietary trading. As proprietary trading is considered separately from the other activities in specific portfolios of Eni Trading & Shipping, its exposure is subject to specific controls, both in terms of Value at Risk (VaR) and stop loss and in terms of nominal gross value. For Eni, the gross nominal value of proprietary trading activities is compared with the limits set by the relevant international standards. The framework defined by Eni’s policies and guidelines provides that the valuation and control of market risk is performed on the basis of maximum tolerable levels of risk exposure defined in terms of: (i) limits of stop loss, which expresses the maximum tolerable amount of losses associated with a certain portfolio of assets over a pre-defined time horizon; (ii) limits of revision strategy, which consist in the triggering of a revision process of the strategy in the event of exceeding the level of profit and loss given; and (iii) VaR which measures the maximum potential loss of the portfolio, given a certain confidence level and holding period, assuming adverse changes in market variables and taking into account the correlation among the different positions held in the portfolio. Eni’s finance department defines the maximum tolerable levels of risk exposure to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates in terms of VaR, pooling Group companies’ risk positions maximizing, when possible, the benefits of the netting activity. Eni’s calculation and valuation techniques for interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate risks are in accordance with banking standards, as established by the Basel Committee for bank activities surveillance. Tolerable levels of risk are based on a conservative approach, considering the industrial nature of the Company. Eni’s guidelines prescribe that Eni Group companies minimize such kinds of market risks by transferring risk exposure to the parent company finance department. Eni’s guidelines define rules to manage the commodity risk aiming at optimizing core activities and pursuing preset targets of stabilizing industrial and commercial margins. The maximum tolerable level of risk exposure is defined in terms of VaR, limits of revision strategy, stop loss and volumes in connection with exposure deriving from commercial activities, as well as exposure deriving from proprietary trading, exclusively managed by Eni Trading & Shipping. Internal mandates to manage the commodity risk provide for a mechanism of allocation of the Group maximum tolerable risk level to each business unit. In this framework, Eni Trading & Shipping, in addition to managing risk exposure associated with its own commercial activity and proprietary trading, pools the requests for negotiating commodity derivatives and executes them in the marketplace. According to the targets of financial structure included in the financial plan approved by the Board of Directors, Eni decided to retain a cash reserve to face any extraordinary requirement. Eni’s finance department, with the aim of optimizing the efficiency and ensuring maximum protection of capital, manages such reserve and its immediate liquidity within the limits assigned. The management of strategic cash is part of the asset management pursued through transactions on own risk in view of optimizing financial returns, while respecting authorized risk levels, safeguarding the Company’s assets and retaining quick access to liquidity. The four different market risks, whose management and control have been summarized above, are described below. Market risk - Exchange rate Exchange rate risk derives from the fact that Eni’s operations are conducted in currencies other than euro (mainly U.S. dollar). Revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies may be significantly affected by exchange rate fluctuations due to conversion differences on single transactions arising from the time lag existing between execution and definition of relevant contractual terms (economic risk) and conversion of foreign currency-denominated trade and financing payables and receivables (transactional risk). Exchange rate fluctuations affect the Group’s reported results and net equity as financial statements of subsidiaries denominated in currencies other than euro are translated from their functional currency into euro. Generally, an appreciation of U.S. dollar versus euro has a positive impact on Eni’s results of operations, and vice versa. Eni’s foreign exchange risk management policy is to minimize transactional exposures arising from foreign currency movements and to optimize exposures arising from commodity risk. Eni does not undertake any hedging activity for risks deriving from the translation of foreign currency denominated profits or assets and liabilities of subsidiaries, which prepare financial statements in a currency other than euro, except for single transactions to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Effective management of exchange rate risk is performed within Eni’s finance departments, which pool Group companies’ positions, hedging the Group net exposure by using certain derivatives, such as currency swaps, forwards and options. Such derivatives are evaluated at fair value based on market prices provided by specialized info-providers. Changes in fair value of those derivatives are normally recognized through profit and loss, as they do not meet the formal criteria to be recognized as hedges. The VaR techniques are based on variance/covariance simulation models and are used to monitor the risk exposure arising from possible future changes in market values over a 24‑hour period within a 99% confidence level and a 20‑day holding period. Market risk - Interest rate Changes in interest rates affect the market value of financial assets and liabilities of the Company and the level of finance charges. Eni’s interest rate risk management policy is to minimize risk with the aim to achieve financial structure objectives defined and approved in management’s finance plans. The Group’s central departments pool borrowing requirements of the Group companies in order to manage net positions and fund portfolio developments consistent with management plans, thereby maintaining a level of risk exposure within prescribed limits. Eni enters into interest rate derivative transactions, in particular interest rate swaps, to manage effectively the balance between fixed and floating rate debt. Such derivatives are evaluated at fair value based on market prices provided from specialized sources. VaR deriving from interest rate exposure is measured daily based on a variance/covariance model, with a 99% confidence level and a 20‑day holding period. Market risk - Commodity Eni’s results of operations are affected by changes in the prices of commodities. The commodity price risk arises in connection with the following exposures: (i) strategic exposure: exposures directly identified by the Board of Directors as a result of strategic investment decisions or outside the planning horizon of risk management. These exposures include those associated with the program for the production of proved and unproved oil&gas reserves, long-term gas supply contracts for the portion not balanced by ongoing or highly probable sale contracts, refining margins identified by the Board of Directors of strategic nature (the remaining volumes can be allocated to the active management of the margin or to asset-backed hedging activities) and minimum compulsory stocks; (ii) commercial exposure: includes the exposures related to the components underlying the contractual arrangements of industrial and commercial activities and, if related to take-or-pay commitments to purchase natural gas, to the components related to the time horizon of the four-year plan and budget and the relevant activities of risk management. Commercial exposures are characterized by a systematic risk management activity conducted based on risk/return assumptions by implementing one or more strategies and subjected to specific risk limits (VaR, revision strategy limits and stop loss). In particular, the commercial exposures include exposures subjected to asset-backed hedging activities, arising from the flexibility/optionality of assets; and (iii) proprietary trading exposure: includes operations independently conducted for profit purposes in the short term, and normally not for the purpose of delivery, both within the commodity and financial markets, with the aim to obtain a profit upon the occurrence of a favorable result in the market, in accordance with specific limits of authorized risk (VaR, stop loss). Origination activities are included in the proprietary trading exposures, if not connected to contractual or physical assets. Strategic risk is not subject to systematic activity of management/coverage that is eventually carried out only in case of specific market or business conditions. Because of the extraordinary nature, hedging activities related to strategic risks are delegated to the top management. Strategic risk is subject to measuring and monitoring but is not subject to specific risk limits. If previously authorized by the Board of Directors, exposures related to strategic risk can be used in combination with other commercial exposures in order to exploit opportunities for natural compensation between the risks (natural hedge) and consequently reduce the use of derivatives (by activating logics of internal market). Eni manages exposure to commodity price risk arising in normal trading and commercial activities in view of achieving stable economic results. Eni manages the commodity risk through the trading unit of Eni Trading & Shipping and the exposure to commodity prices through the Group’s finance departments by using derivatives traded on the organized markets MTF, OTF and derivatives traded over the counter (swaps, forward, contracts for differences and options on commodities) with the underlying commodities being crude oil, gas, refined products, power or emission certificates. Such derivatives are valued at fair value based on market prices provided from specialized sources or, absent market prices, on the basis of estimates provided by brokers or suitable valuation techniques. VaR deriving from commodity exposure is measured daily based on a historical simulation technique, with a 95% confidence level and a one-day holding period. Market risk - Strategic liquidity Market risk deriving from liquidity management is identified as the possibility that changes in prices of financial instruments (bonds, money market instruments and mutual funds) would affect the value of these instruments when valued at fair value. The setting up and maintenance of the liquidity reserve is mainly aimed to guarantee a proper financial flexibility. Liquidity should allow Eni to fund any extraordinary need (such as difficulty in access to credit, exogenous shock, macroeconomic environment, as well as merger and acquisitions) and must be dimensioned to provide a coverage of short-term debts and a coverage of medium and long-term finance debts due within a time horizon of 24 months. In order to manage the investment activity of the strategic liquidity, Eni defined a specific investment policy with aims and constraints in terms of financial activities and operational boundaries, as well as governance guidelines regulating management and control systems. In particular, strategic liquidity management is regulated in terms of VaR (measured based on a parametrical methodology with a one-day holding period and a 99% confidence level), stop loss and other operating limits in terms of concentration, issuing entity, business segment, country of emission, duration, ratings and type of investing instruments in portfolio, aimed to minimize market and liquidity risks. Financial leverage or short selling is not allowed. Activities in terms of strategic liquidity management started in the second half of the year 2013 (Euro portfolio) and throughout the course of the year 2017 (U.S. dollar portfolio). In 2020, the Euro investment portfolio has maintained an average credit rating of A-/BBB+, whereas the USD investment portfolio has maintained an average credit rating of A+/A, both in line with the year 2019. The following tables show amounts in terms of VaR, recorded in 2020 (compared with 2019) relating to interest rate and exchange rate risks in the first section and commodity risk. Regarding the management of strategic liquidity, the sensitivity to changes of interest rate is expressed by values of “Dollar value per Basis Point” (DVBP). (Value at risk - parametric method variance/covariance; holding period: 20 days; confidence level: 99%)
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
(€ million) |  | High |  | Low |  | Average |  | At year end |  | High |  | Low |  | Average |  | At year end
Interest rate(a) |  | 7.39 |  | 1.18 |  | 2.93 |  | 1.34 |  | 5.19 |  | 2.44 |  | 3.80 |  | 3.00
Exchange rate(a) |  | 0.48 |  | 0.10 |  | 0.28 |  | 0.18 |  | 0.41 |  | 0.07 |  | 0.17 |  | 0.15
| (a) |  | Value at risk deriving from interest and exchange rates exposures include the following finance departments: Eni Corporate Finance Department, Eni Finance International SA, Banque Eni SA and Eni Finance USA Inc.
(Value at risk — Historic simulation method; holding period: 1 day; confidence level: 95%)
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
(€ million) |  | High |  | Low |  | Average |  | At year end |  | High |  | Low |  | Average |  | At year end
Commercial exposures – Management Portfolio(a) |  | 16.10 |  | 3.02 |  | 8.50 |  | 3.02 |  | 23.03 |  | 7.74 |  | 11.22 |  | 9.11
Trading (b) |  | 1.57 |  | 0.10 |  | 0.52 |  | 0.25 |  | 1.60 |  | 0.25 |  | 0.51 |  | 0.31
| (a) |  | Refers to the Gas & LNG Marketing Power business line (risk exposure from Refining & Marketing business line and Global Gas & LNG Portfolio), Eni Trading & Shipping commercial portfolio, operating branches outside Italy pertaining to the Divisions and from October 2016 the Gas e Luce business line. For the Global Gas & LNG Portfolio business lines, following the approval of the Eni’s Board of Directors on December 12, 2013, VaR is calculated on the so-called Statutory view, with a time horizon that coincides with the year considering all the volumes delivered in the year and the relevant financial hedging derivatives. Consequently, during the year the VaR pertaining to GGP and EGL presents a decreasing trend following the progressive reaching of the maturity of the positions within the annual horizon.
| (b) |  | Cross-commodity proprietary trading, both for commodity contracts and financial derivatives, refers to Eni Trading & Shipping SpA (London-Bruxelles-Singapore) and Eni Trading & Shipping Inc (Houston).
(Sensitivity — Dollar value of 1 basis point — DVBP)
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
(€ million) |  | High |  | Low |  | Average |  | At year end |  | High |  | Low |  | Average |  | At year end
Strategic liquidity(a) |  | 0.37 |  | 0.29 |  | 0.32 |  | 0.30 |  | 0.37 |  | 0.31 |  | 0.35 |  | 0.33
| (a) |  | Management of strategic liquidity portfolio starting from July 2013.
(Sensitivity — Dollar value of 1 basis point — DVBP)
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
($ million) |  | High |  | Low |  | Average |  | At year end |  | High |  | Low |  | Average |  | At year end
Strategic liquidity(a) |  | 0.07 |  | 0.03 |  | 0.05 |  | 0.05 |  | 0.05 |  | 0.02 |  | 0.04 |  | 0.05
| (a) |  | Management of strategic liquidity portfolio in $ currency starting from August 2017.
Credit risk Credit risk is the potential exposure of the Group to losses in case counterparties fail to perform or pay amounts due. Eni defined credit risk management policies consistent with the nature and characteristics of the counterparties of commercial and financial transactions regarding the centralized finance model. The Company adopted a model to quantify and control the credit risk based on the evaluation of the expected loss which represents the probability of default and the capacity to recover credits in default that is estimated through the so-called Loss Given Default. In the credit risk management and control model, credit exposures are distinguished by commercial nature, in relation to sales contracts on commodities related to Eni’s businesses, and by financial nature, in relation to the financial instruments used by Eni, such as deposits, derivatives and securities. Credit risk for commercial exposures Credit risk arising from commercial counterparties is managed by the business units and by the specialized corporate finance and dedicated administration departments and is operated based on formal procedures for the assessment of commercial counterparties, the monitoring of credit exposures, credit recovery activities and disputes. The credit worthiness of businesses and large clients is assessed through an internal rating model that combines different default factors deriving from economic variables, financial indicators, payment experiences and information from specialized primary info providers. The probability of default related to State Entities or their closely related counterparties (e.g. National Oil Company), essentially represented by the probability of late payments, is determined by using the country risk premiums adopted for the purposes of the determination of the WACCs for the impairment of non-financial assets. Furthermore, for retail positions without specific ratings, risk is determined by distinguishing customers in homogeneous risk clusters based on historical series of data relating to payments, periodically updated. Credit risk for financial exposures With regard to credit risk arising from financial counterparties deriving from current and strategic use of liquidity, derivative contracts and transactions with underlying financial assets valued at fair value, Eni has established internal policies providing exposure control and concentration through maximum credit risk limits corresponding to different classes of financial counterparties defined by the Company’s Board of Directors and based on ratings provided for by primary credit rating agencies. Credit risk arising from financial counterparties is managed by the Eni's operating finance departments and Eni’s subsidiary Eni Trading & Shipping which specifically engages in commodity derivatives transactions and by Group companies and business units, only in the case of physical transactions with financial counterparties consistently with the Group centralized finance model. Eligible financial counterparties are closely monitored by each counterpart and by group of belonging to check exposures against the limits assigned daily and the expected loss analysis and the concentration periodically. Liquidity risk Liquidity risk is the risk that suitable sources of funding for the Group may not be available, or the Group is unable to sell its assets in the marketplace in order to meet short-term finance requirements and to settle obligations. Such a situation would negatively affect Group results, as it would result in the Company incurring higher borrowing expenses to meet its obligations or under the worst of conditions the inability of the Company to continue as a going concern. Eni’s risk management targets include the maintaining of an adequate level of liquidity readily available to deal with external shocks (drastic changes in the scenario, restrictions on access to capital markets, etc.) or to ensure an adequate level of operational flexibility for the development programs of the Company. The strategic liquidity reserve is employed in short-term marketable financial assets, favoring investments with very low risk profile. At present, the Group believes to have access to sufficient funding to meet the current foreseeable borrowing requirements due to available cash on hand financial assets and lines of credit and the access to a wide range of funding opportunities which we believe we can activate at competitive costs through the credit system and the capital markets. Eni has in place a program for the issuance of Euro Medium Term Notes up to €20 billion, of which about €16.3 billion were drawn as of December 31, 2020 (€13.9 billion by Eni SpA). The Group has credit ratings of A- outlook negative and A‑2, respectively, for long and short-term debt, assigned by Standard & Poor’s; Baa1 outlook stable and P‑2, respectively, for long and short-term debt, assigned by Moody’s; A- outlook stable and F1, respectively for long and short-term debt, assigned by Fitch. Eni’s credit rating is linked in addition to the Company’s industrial fundamentals and trends in the trading environment to the sovereign credit rating of Italy. Based on the methodologies used by the credit rating agencies, a downgrade of Italy’s credit rating may trigger a potential knock-on effect on the credit rating of Italian issuers such as Eni. During 2020, the rating of Eni remained unchanged. As part of the Euro Medium Term Notes program, in 2020 the Company issued bonds for €3.5 billion (€3.0 billion by Eni SpA). In October 2020, Eni placed two euro-denominated perpetual subordinated hybrid bond issues for an aggregate nominal amount of €3 billion. These are perpetual instruments with an early repayment option in favor of the issuer and classified as equity items. The rating agencies assigned to the bonds the following ratings Baa3 / BBB / BBB (Moody's / S&P / Fitch) and an “equity credit” of 50%. As of December 31, 2020, Eni maintained short-term uncommitted unused borrowing facilities of €7,183 million. Committed unused borrowing facilities amounted to €5,295 million, of which €4,750 million due beyond 12 months. These facilities bore interest rates and fees for unused facilities that reflected prevailing market conditions. Expected payments for liabilities, trade and other payables The tables below summarize the Group main contractual obligations for finance debt and lease liability repayments, including expected payments for interest charges and derivatives.
|  | Maturity year
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2026 and |  |
(€ million) |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | thereafter |  | Total
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-current financial liabilities (including the current portion) |  | 1,697 |  | 1,518 |  | 3,469 |  | 2,049 |  | 2,730 |  | 12,232 |  | 23,695
Current financial liabilities |  | 2,882 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,882
Lease liabilities |  | 815 |  | 593 |  | 503 |  | 442 |  | 413 |  | 2,218 |  | 4,984
Fair value of derivative instruments |  | 1,609 |  | 26 |  | 13 |  | 50 |  |  |  | 73 |  | 1,771
|  | 7,003 |  | 2,137 |  | 3,985 |  | 2,541 |  | 3,143 |  | 14,523 |  | 33,332
Interest on finance debt |  | 502 |  | 473 |  | 461 |  | 387 |  | 360 |  | 1,164 |  | 3,347
Interest on lease liabilities |  | 295 |  | 252 |  | 219 |  | 192 |  | 165 |  | 748 |  | 1,871
|  | 797 |  | 725 |  | 680 |  | 579 |  | 525 |  | 1,912 |  | 5,218
Financial guarantees |  | 1,072 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,072
|  | Maturity year
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2025 and |  |
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | thereafter |  | Total
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-current financial liabilities (including the current portion) |  | 2,908 |  | 1,704 |  | 1,259 |  | 2,743 |  | 1,785 |  | 11,521 |  | 21,920
Current financial liabilities |  | 2,452 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,452
Lease liabilities |  | 884 |  | 632 |  | 487 |  | 434 |  | 424 |  | 2,761 |  | 5,622
Fair value of derivative instruments |  | 2,704 |  | 2 |  | 14 |  |  |  |  |  | 34 |  | 2,754
|  | 8,948 |  | 2,338 |  | 1,760 |  | 3,177 |  | 2,209 |  | 14,316 |  | 32,748
Interest on finance debt |  | 594 |  | 452 |  | 353 |  | 342 |  | 269 |  | 1,667 |  | 3,677
Interest on lease liabilities |  | 341 |  | 302 |  | 263 |  | 233 |  | 206 |  | 1,015 |  | 2,360
|  | 935 |  | 754 |  | 616 |  | 575 |  | 475 |  | 2,682 |  | 6,037
Financial guarantees |  | 926 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 926
Liabilities for leased assets including related interest for €2,429 million (€2,953 million at December 31, 2019) pertained to the share of joint operators participating in unincorporated ventures operated by Eni which will be recovered through a partner-billing process. The table below presents the timing of the expenditures for trade and other payables.
|  | Maturity year
|  |  |  |  |  | 2026 and |  |
(€ million) |  | 2021 |  | 2022 – 2025 |  | thereafter |  | Total
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade payables |  | 8,679 |  |  |  |  |  | 8,679
Other payables and advances |  | 4,257 |  | 111 |  | 94 |  | 4,462
|  | 12,936 |  | 111 |  | 94 |  | 13,141
|  | Maturity year
|  |  |  |  |  | 2025 and |  |
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2021 – 2024 |  | thereafter |  | Total
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade payables |  | 10,480 |  |  |  |  |  | 10,480
Other payables and advances |  | 5,065 |  | 54 |  | 100 |  | 5,219
|  | 15,545 |  | 54 |  | 100 |  | 15,699
Expected payments under contractual obligations 28 In addition to lease, financial, trade and other liabilities represented in the balance sheet, the Company is subject to non-cancellable contractual obligations or obligations, the cancellation of which requires the payment of a penalty. These obligations will require cash settlements in future reporting periods. These liabilities are valued based on the net cost for the company to fulfill the contract, which consists of the lowest amount between the costs for the fulfillment of the contractual obligation and the contractual compensation/penalty in the event of non-performance. The Company’s main contractual obligations at the balance sheet date comprise take-or-pay clauses contained in the Company’s gas supply contracts or shipping arrangements, whereby the Company obligations consist of off-taking minimum quantities of product or service or, in case of failure, paying the corresponding cash amount that entitles the Company the right to collect the product or the service in future years. Future obligations in connection with these contracts were calculated by applying the forecasted prices of energy or services included in the four-year business plan approved by the Company’s Board of Directors. The table below summarizes the Group principal contractual obligations as of the balance sheet date, shown on an undiscounted basis. Amounts expected to be paid in 2021 for decomissioning oil&gas assets and for environmental clean-up and remediation are based on management’s estimates and do not represent financial obligations at the closing date.
|  | Maturity year
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2026 and |  |
(€ million) |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | thereafter |  | Total
Decommissioning liabilities(a) |  | 400 |  | 237 |  | 202 |  | 425 |  | 276 |  | 10,433 |  | 11,973
Environmental liabilities |  | 383 |  | 323 |  | 267 |  | 255 |  | 196 |  | 839 |  | 2,263
Purchase obligations(b) |  | 8,041 |  | 7,644 |  | 7,342 |  | 8,150 |  | 8,613 |  | 63,864 |  | 103,654
- Gas |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
. take-or-pay contracts |  | 6,196 |  | 6,852 |  | 6,809 |  | 7,691 |  | 8,392 |  | 63,477 |  | 99,417
. ship-or-pay contracts |  | 893 |  | 519 |  | 480 |  | 439 |  | 212 |  | 359 |  | 2,902
- Other purchase obligations |  | 952 |  | 273 |  | 53 |  | 20 |  | 9 |  | 28 |  | 1,335
Other obligations |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 106 |  | 108
- Memorandum of intent - Val d’Agri |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 106 |  | 108
Total |  | 8,826 |  | 8,204 |  | 7,811 |  | 8,830 |  | 9,085 |  | 75,242 |  | 117,998
28 Contractual obligations related to employee benefits are indicated in note 21 - Provisions for employee benefits.
| (a) |  | Represents the estimated future costs for the decommissioning of oil and natural gas production facilities at the end of the producing lives of fields, well-plugging, abandonment and site restoration.
| (b) |  | Represents any agreement to purchase goods or services that is enforceable and legally binding and that specifies all significant terms.
Capital investment and capital expenditure commitments In the next four years, Eni expects capital investments and capital expenditures of €26.9 billion. The table below summarizes Eni's capital expenditure commitments for property, plant and equipment and capital projects. Capital expenditure is considered to be committed when the project has received the appropriate level of internal management approval. At this stage, procurement contracts to execute those projects have already been awarded or are being awarded to third parties. The amounts shown in the table below include committed expenditures to execute certain environmental projects.
|  | Maturity year
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2025 and |  |
(€ million) |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | thereafter |  | Total
Committed projects |  | 4,264 |  | 3,983 |  | 2,890 |  | 2,204 |  | 1,334 |  | 14,675
Other information about financial instruments
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  |  |  | Finance income (expense) |  |  |  | Finance income (expense)
|  |  |  | recognized in |  |  |  | recognized in
|  |  |  | Profit |  |  |  |  |  | Profit |  |
|  | Carrying |  | and loss |  |  |  | Carrying |  | and loss |  |
(€ million) |  | amount |  | account |  | OCI |  | amount |  | account |  | OCI
Financial instruments at fair value with effects recognized in profit and loss account |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets held for trading(a) |  | 5,502 |  | 31 |  |  |  | 6,760 |  | 127 |  |
Non-hedging and trading derivatives(b) |  | (19) |  | (415) |  |  |  | (125) |  | 273 |  |
Other investments valued at fair value(c) |  | 957 |  | 150 |  | 24 |  | 929 |  | 247 |  | (3)
Receivables and payables and other assets/liabilities valued at amortized cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade receivables and other(d) |  | 10,955 |  | (213) |  |  |  | 12,926 |  | (409) |  |
Financing receivables(e) |  | 1,207 |  | 99 |  |  |  | 1,503 |  | 110 |  |
Securities(a) |  | 55 |  |  |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  |
Trade payables and other(a) |  | 13,141 |  | (31) |  |  |  | 15,699 |  | 33 |  |
Financing payables(f) |  | 26,686 |  | (632) |  |  |  | 24,518 |  | (802) |  |
Net assets (liabilities) for hedging derivatives(g) |  | (52) |  | (941) |  | 661 |  | (2) |  | (739) |  | (679)
| (a) |  | Income or expense were recognized in the profit and loss account within "Finance income (expense)".
| (b) |  | In the profit and loss account, economic effects were recognized as expense within "Other operating income (loss)" for €766 million (income for €287 million in 2019) and as income within "Finance income (expense)" for €351 million (loss for €14 million in 2019).
| (c) |  | Income or expense were recognized in the profit and loss account within "Income (expense) from investments - Dividends".
| (d) |  | Income or expense were recognized in the profit and loss account as net impairment losses within "Net (impairment losses) reversal of trade and other receivables" for €226 million (net impairment losses for €432 million in 2019) and as income within "Finance income (expense)" for €13 million (income for €23 million in 2019), including interest income calculated on the basis of the effective interest rate of €22 million (interest income for €26 million in 2019).
| (e) |  | In the profit and loss account, income or expense were recognized as income within "Finance income (expense)", including interest income calculated on the basis of the effective interest rate of €92 million (income for €99 million in 2019) and net impairment losses for €1 million (net revaluations for €4 million in 2019).
| (f) |  | In the profit and loss account, income or expense were recognized as expense within "Finance income (expense)", including interest expense calculated on the basis of the effective interest rate of €531 million (interest expense for €647 million in 2019).
| (g) |  | In the profit and loss account, income or expense were recognized within "Sales from operations" and "Purchase, services and other".
Disclosures about the offsetting of financial instruments
|  |  |  | Gross amount |  |
|  |  |  | of financial |  |
|  | Gross amount |  | assets and |  | Net amount of
|  | of financial |  | liabilities |  | financial
|  | assets and |  | subject to |  | assets and
(€ million) |  | liabilities |  | offsetting |  | liabilities
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade and other receivables |  | 11,681 |  | 755 |  | 10,926
Other current assets |  | 3,719 |  | 1,033 |  | 2,686
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade and other liabilities |  | 13,691 |  | 755 |  | 12,936
Other current liabilities |  | 5,905 |  | 1,033 |  | 4,872
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade and other receivables |  | 13,773 |  | 900 |  | 12,873
Other current assets |  | 4,584 |  | 612 |  | 3,972
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade and other liabilities |  | 16,445 |  | 900 |  | 15,545
Other current liabilities |  | 7,758 |  | 612 |  | 7,146
The offsetting of financial assets and liabilities related to the offsetting of: (i) receivables and payables pertaining to the Exploration & Production segment towards state entities for €753 million (€713 million at December 31, 2019) and trade receivables and trade payables pertaining to Eni Trading & Shipping Inc for €2 million (€187 million at December 31, 2019); and (ii) other assets and liabilities for current financial derivatives of €1,033 million (€612 million at December 31, 2019). Legal Proceedings Eni is a party in a number of civil actions and administrative arbitral and other judicial proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Based on information available to date, and taking into account the existing risk provisions disclosed in note 20 — Provisions and that in some instances it is not possible to make a reliable estimate of contingency losses, Eni believes that the foregoing will likely not have a material adverse effect on the Group Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition to proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business referred to above, Eni is party to other proceedings, and a description of the most significant proceedings currently pending is provided in the following paragraphs. Generally and unless otherwise indicated, these legal proceedings have not been provisioned because Eni believes a negative outcome to be unlikely or because the amount of the provision cannot be estimated reliably. 1. Environment, health and safety 1.1 Criminal proceedings in the matters of environment, health and safety (i)Eni Rewind SpA (company incorporating EniChem Agricoltura SpA — Agricoltura SpA in liquidation — EniChem Augusta Industriale Srl — Fosfotec Srl) — Proceeding about the industrial site of Crotone. In 2010 a criminal proceeding started before the Public Prosecutor of Crotone relating to allegations of environmental disaster, poisoning of substances used in the food chain and omitted clean-up due to the activity at a landfill site which was taken over by Eni in 1991. Subsequently to Eni's takeover, any activity for waste conferral was stopped. The defendants are certain managers of Eni Group companies, that have managed the landfill since 1991. The Municipality of Crotone is acting as plaintiff. In March 2019, the public prosecutor requested the acquittal of all defendants. The proceeding is ongoing. In April 2017, the Public Prosecutor of Crotone started another criminal proceeding concerning the clean-up of the area called “Farina Trappeto”. Despite the prosecuting PM asked the acquittal of all the defendants, on January 17, 2020, the GUP asked the PM to modify the charges in order to better specify modalities and timing of each disputed conduct. At the preliminary hearing on July 1, 2020, the GUP acquitted all the defendants, some for not having committed the alleged crime and others for prescription. The Company therefore decided to appeal against the sentence, in order to obtain an acquittal on the merits also in relation to the positions of the former managers of the Eni Group acquitted due to prescription. (ii)Eni Rewind SpA – Crotone omitted clean-up. In April 2017, a further criminal case was opened by the Crotone prosecutor's office on the reclamation activities of the Crotone site as a whole. Meanwhile, in the first half of 2018, the new clean-up project presented by the Company was deemed feasible by the Ministry of the Environment. Pending the decisions of the Public Prosecutor, a defense brief was filed to summarize the activity carried out by the subsidiary Eni Rewind (former Syndial SpA) in terms of reclamation, pointing to willingness of executing a decisive plan of action, and to obtain the dismissal of the criminal proceedings. On March 3, 2020, the Ministerial Decree approving the POB Phase 2 was issued. (iii)Eni Rewind SpA and Versalis SpA – Porto Torres – Prosecuting body: Public Prosecutor of Sassari. In 2011, the Public Prosecutor of Sassari (Sardinia) determined that a manager responsible for plant operations at the site of Porto Torres should stand trial for alleged environmental disaster and poisoning of water and substances destined for food. The Province of Sassari, the Municipality of Porto Torres and other entities have been involved in the proceedings as civil parties seeking damages. In 2013, the Prosecutor of Sassari requested a new indictment for negligent behavior, replacing the previous allegation of willful conduct. The Third Instance Court has denied a motion to terminate the proceedings. The Public Prosecutor has re-submitted a request that the defendants would stand trial. Eni’s subsidiary Eni Rewind Spa has been summoned for third-party liability. The preliminary hearing is still ongoing. (iv)Eni Rewind SpA and Versalis SpA — Porto Torres dock. In 2012, following a request of the Public Prosecutor of Sassari, an Italian court ordered presentation of evidence relating to the functioning of the hydraulic barrier of Porto Torres site (ran by Eni Rewind SpA) and its capacity to avoid the dispersion of contamination released by the site into the nearby sea. Eni Rewind SpA and Versalis SpA were notified that its chief executive officers and certain other managers were being investigated. The Public Prosecutor of the Municipality of Sassari requested that these individuals stand trial. The plaintiffs, the Ministry for Environment and the Sardinia Region claimed environmental damage in an amount of €1.5 billion. Other parties referred to the judge's equitable assessment. At a hearing in July 2016, the court acquitted all defendants of Eni Rewind and Versalis with respect to the crimes of environmental disaster. Three Eni Rewind managers were found guilty of environmental disaster relating to the period limited to August 2010 — January 2011 and sentenced to one-year prison, with a suspended sentence. Eni Rewind filed an appeal against this decision. The proceeding is ongoing. (v)Eni Rewind SpA - The illegal landfill in Minciaredda area, Porto Torres site. The Court of Sassari, on request of the Public Prosecutor, seized the Minciaredda landfill area, near the western border of the Porto Torres site (Minciaredda area). All the indicted have been served a notice of investigation for alleged crimes of carrying out illegal waste disposal and environmental disaster. The seizure order involved also Eni Rewind pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01, whereby companies are liable for the crimes committed by their employees when performing their duties. The court determined that Eni Rewind can be sued for civil liability and resolved that all defendants and the Eni subsidiary be put on trial before the Court of Sassari. The assessment for the admissibility of a civil claim is ongoing. (vi)Eni Rewind SpA — The Phosphate deposit at Porto Torres site. In 2015, the Court of Sassari, accepting a request of the Public Prosecutor of Sassari, seized — as a preventive measure — the area of “Palte Fosfatiche” (phosphates deposit) located on the territory of Porto Torres site, in relation to alleged crimes of environmental disaster, carrying out of unauthorized disposal of hazardous wastes and other environmental crimes. Eni Rewind SpA is being investigated pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01. In November 2019, a request for referral to trial was served on the Eni subsidiary. The preliminary hearing will be held on September 9, 2020. At the outcome of the preliminary hearing, the Judge pronounced against all the defendants a sentence of no place to proceed due to the statute of limitation in relation to the crimes of unauthorized management of landfills and disposal of hazardous wastes as well as against Eni Rewind SpA in relation to the liability pursuant to Legislative Decree 231/01. The Judge also ordered the indictment of the defendants before the Court of Sassari, at the hearing on May 28, 2021, limited to the alleged crime of environmental disaster. (vii) Eni Rewind SpA — Proceeding relating to the asbestos at the Ravenna site. A criminal proceeding is pending before the Tribunal of Ravenna relating to the crimes of culpable manslaughter, injuries and environmental disaster, which have been allegedly committed by former Eni Rewind employees at the site of Ravenna. The site was acquired by Eni Rewind following a number of corporate mergers and acquisitions. The alleged crimes date back to 1991. In the proceeding there are 75 alleged victims. The plaintiffs include relatives of the alleged victims, various local administrations, and other institutional bodies, including local trade unions. Eni Rewind asserted the statute of limitation as a defense to the instance of environmental disaster for certain instances of diseases and deaths. The court at Ravenna decided that all defendants would stand trial and held that the statute of limitation only applied with reference to certain instances of crime of culpable injury. Eni Rewind reached some settlements. In November 2016, the Judge acquitted the defendants in all the contested cases except for one, an asbestos case, for which a conviction was handed down. The defendants, the Prosecutor and the plaintiffs appealed the decision; a second instance judge ordered a complex appraisal, believing that they could not decide on the state of the proceedings, appointing three well-known experts. Eni's defenders rejected one of them, believing that he had an interest in the matter; the Court rejected the request for recusal but the Third Instance Court, accepting the appeal of the defendants of the accused, canceled the order by postponement. On the referral, at the request of Eni's lawyers, the Court of Appeal of Bologna, given the different composition of the judging panel, ordered the renewal of the appeal judgment and, consequently, the subsequent revocation of the order with which it had initially prepared the appraisal. On May 25, 2020, at the outcome of the discussion of the parties, the Court acquitted the defendants, and the person sued for damages in relation to 74 cases of mesothelioma, lung cancer, pleural plaques and asbestosis, took note of the res judicata of the acquittal for the disaster complaint and confirmed the conviction for a case of asbestosis. He also declared inadmissible the appeals of several claimants. The Company appealed to a Third Instance Court against the conviction for asbestosis; some claimants challenged the acquittal for other pathologies. (viii) Raffineria di Gela SpA and Eni Mediterranea Idrocarburi SpA — Alleged environmental disaster. A criminal proceeding is pending in relation to crimes allegedly committed by the managers of the Raffineria di Gela SpA and EniMed SpA relating to environmental disaster, unauthorized waste disposal and unauthorized spill of industrial wastewater. The Gela Refinery has been prosecuted for administrative offence pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01. This criminal proceeding initially regarded soil pollution allegedly caused by spills from 14 tanks of the refinery storage, which had not been provided with double bottoms, and pollution of the sea water near the coastal area adjacent to the site due to the failure of the barrier system implemented as part of the clean-up activities conducted at the site. At the closing of the preliminary investigation, the Public Prosecutor of Gela merged into this proceeding the other investigations related to the pollution that occurred at the other sites of the Gela refinery as well as hydrocarbon spills at facilities of EniMed. The proceeding is ongoing. (ix) Val d’Agri. In March 2016, the Public Prosecutors of Potenza started a criminal investigation into alleged illegal handling of waste material produced at the Viggiano oil center (COVA), part of the Eni-operated Val d’Agri oil complex. After a two-year investigation, the Prosecutors ordered the house arrest of 5 Eni employees and the seizure of certain plants functional to the production activity of the Val d’Agri complex which, consequently, was shut down (loss of 60 KBOE/d net to Eni). From the commencement of the investigation, Eni has carried out several technical and environmental surveys, with the support of independent experts of international standing, who found a full compliance of the plant and the industrial process with the requirements of the applicable laws, as well as with best available technologies and international best practices. The Company implemented certain corrective measures to upgrade plants which were intended to address the claims made by the Public Prosecutor about an alleged operation of blending which would have occurred during normal plant functioning. Those corrective measures were favorably reviewed by the Public Prosecutor. The Company restarted the plant in August 2016. In relation to the criminal proceeding, the Public Prosecutor’s Office requested the indictment of all the defendants for alleged illegal trafficking of waste, violation of the prohibition of mixing waste, unauthorized management of waste and other violations, and the Company, pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01, which presumes that companies are liable for crimes committed by their employees when performing job tasks. The trial started in November 2017. At the outcome of the preliminary hearings, the Court of Potenza, on March 10, 2021, acquitted all the defendants in relation to the allegation of false statements in an administrative deed, while in relation to the request of administrative fines, the Court declared that there was no need to proceed due to the statute of limitations. Finally, in relation to the alleged crime of illegal trafficking of waste, the Court acquitted two former employees of the Southern District for not having committed the crime, while convicted six former officials of the same District with suspension of the sentence and at the same time sentenced Eni pursuant to Legislative Decree no. 231/01 to pay a fine of € 700,000, with the contextual confiscation of a sum of € 44,248,071 deemed to constitute the unfair profit obtained from the crime, from which Eni will deduct the amount incurred for the plant upgrade carried out in 2016. The Court reserved the term of ninety days for the filing of the reasons of the sentence and an appeal will be promptly filed against all the condemnations. (x)Eni SpA - Health investigation related to the COVA center. Beside the criminal proceeding for illegal trafficking of waste, the Public Prosecutor started another investigation in relation to alleged health violations. The Public Prosecutor requested the formal opening of an investigation with respect to nine people in relation to alleged violations of the rules providing for the preparation of a Risk Assessment Document of the working conditions at the Val d’Agri Oil Center (COVA). In March 2017, following the request of the consultant of the Prosecutor, the Labor Inspectorate of Potenza issued a fine against the employers of the COVA for omitted and incomplete assessment of the chemical risks for the COVA center. In October 2017, the Prosecutor’s Office changed the criminal allegations to disaster, murder and negligent personal injury, also alleging breaches of health and safety regulations. The proceeding is ongoing. (xi)Proceeding Val d’Agri — Tank spill. In February 2017, the Italian police department of Potenza found a stream of water contaminated by hydrocarbon traces of unknown origin, flowing inside a small shaft located outside the COVA. Eni carried out activities at the COVA aimed at determining the origin of the contamination and identified the cause in a failure of a tank (the "D" tank) outside of the COVA, that presented a risk of extension of the contamination in the downstream area of the plant. In executing these activities, Eni performed all the communications provided for by Legislative Decree 152/06 and started certain emergency safe-keeping operations at the areas subject to potential contamination outside the COVA. Furthermore, the characterization plan of the areas inside and outside the COVA was approved by the relevant authorities, to which the Risk Analysis document was subsequently submitted. Following this event, a criminal investigation was initiated in order to ascertain whether there had been illegal environmental disaster by the former COVA officers, the Operation Managers in charge since 2011 and the HSE Manager in charge at the time of the accident, and also against Eni in relation to the same offense pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01 and of some public officials belonging to local administrations for official misconduct, false and fraudulent public statements committed in 2014 and of the crime for environmental disaster and of culpable conduct committed in February 2017. The Company has paid damages of an immaterial amount almost to all the landlords of areas close to the COVA, which were affected by a spillover. Discussions are ongoing with other claimants. The likely disbursements relating to these transactions have been provisioned. In February 2018, Eni contested the reports presented in October and in December 2017 by the Italian Fire Department stating that it does not consider itself obliged to carry out the integration required, considering that the data acquired in the area affected by the event indicate, according to Eni’s assessments, that the loss was promptly and efficiently controlled and there were no situations of serious danger to human health and the environment. In April 2019, precautionary measures were ordered against three Eni employees at the COVA which, following an appeal, were canceled by the Third Instance Court. In September 2019, the Public Prosecutor requested one of those employees to be put on trial with expedited proceeding, accepted by the Judge for preliminary investigations. The judgment was suspended in order to allow the continuation of the environmental clean-up and reclamation of the site. As part of the concomitant procedure against the remaining employees and Eni as the legal entity being held liable pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01, the Public Prosecutor, after issuing a notice of conclusion of the preliminary investigations, made a request for indictment. The hearings are ongoing. (xii)Raffineria di Gela SpA and Eni Mediterranea Idrocarburi SpA — Waste management of the landfill Camastra. In June 2018, the Public Prosecutor of Palermo (Sicily) notified Eni’s subsidiaries Raffineria di Gela SpA and Eni Mediterranea Idrocarburi SpA of a criminal proceeding relating to allegations of unlawful disposal of industrial waste resulting from the reclaiming activities of soil, which were discharged at a landfill owned by a third party. The Prosecutor charged the then chief executive officers of the two subsidiaries, and the legal entities have been charged with the liability pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01. The alleged wrongdoing related to the willful falsification of the waste certification for purpose of discharging at the landfill. The charges against the CEO of the Refinery of Gela SpA and the company itself were dismissed, while a request to put on trial the CEO of EniMed SpA and the company was approved. The proceeding is in progress before the Court of Agrigento, to which the proceeding has been transferred due to territorial jurisdiction. (xiii)Versalis SpA — Preventive seizure at the Priolo Gargallo plant. In February 2019, the Court of Syracuse at the request of the Public Prosecutor ordered the seizure of the Priolo/Gargallo plant as part of an ongoing investigation concerning the offenses of dangerous disposal of materials and environmental pollution, by the former plant manager of Versalis, pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01. The Public Prosecutor's thesis, according to the consultants, is that the plants covered by the provision have points of emissions that do not comply with the Best Available Techniques (BAT), therefore resulting in violation of the applicable legislation. Versalis has already implemented certain plant upgrades designed to comply with measures requested by the Public Prosecutor and his consultants. Based on this, an appeal was filed against the measure of precautionary seizure of the plant before a review court, which revoked the seizure of the plants on March 26, 2019. In March 2021, a notice of conclusion of the preliminary investigations was notified, with the formulation by the Public Prosecutor of the allegations already previously stated. (xiv) Eni SpA - Fatal accident Ancona offshore platform. On March 5, 2019, a fatal accident occurred at the Barbara F platform in the offshore of Ancona. During the unloading phase of a tank from the platform to a supply vessel, there was a sudden failure of a part of the structure on which a crane was installed, causing the death of an Eni employee who was inside the control cabin of the crane and injuries to two other workers. The Public Prosecutor of Ancona initially opened an investigation against unknown persons and ordered further technical appraisals relating to the crane. As part of the technical assessment of the incident, the Public Prosecutor resolved to put under investigation the Eni employees who were in charge of safety standards at the involved facility. Also the Company has been put under investigation pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01, which holds companies liable for the crimes committed by employees in a number of matters, including the violations of laws about safety of the workplace. The proceeding is pending in the preliminary investigation phase. (xv) Raffineria di Gela SpA and Eni Rewind SpA - Groundwater pollution survey and reclamation process of the Gela site. Following complaints made by former contractors, the Public Prosecutor's Office of Gela issued an inspection and seizure of the area called Isola 32 within the refinery of Gela, where old and new monitored landfills are located. The proceeding concerns criminal allegations of environmental pollution, omitted clean-up, negligent personal injury and illegal waste management, as part of the execution of clean-up of soil and groundwater as well as decommissioning activities in the area currently managed by Eni Rewind SpA, also on behalf of the companies Raffineria di Gela SpA, ISAF SpA (in liquidation) and Versalis SpA (efficiency and efficacy of the barrier system). The Public Prosecutor acquired documents and evidence at the Syndial office in Gela and at the refinery of Gela, which, during the period January 1, 2017 – March 20, 2019, managed the facilities involved in cleaning up the groundwater area (TAF Syndial, site TAF-TAS and pumping wells and hydraulic barrier). Subsequently a decree was issued for the seizure of eleven (11) piezometers of the hydraulic barrier system with contextual guarantee notice, issued by the Public Prosecutor of Gela against nine employees of Gela Refinery and four employees of Syndial SpA. The proceedings are ongoing. (xvi) Eni Rewind SpA and Versalis - Mantua. Environmental crime investigation. In August and September 2020, the Public Prosecutor of Mantua notified the conclusion of the preliminary investigations relating to several criminal proceedings. Several employees of the Eni’s subsidiaries Versalis SpA and Eni Rewind SpA as well as of a third-party company Edison SpA were notified of being under investigations. Furthermore the above-mentioned entities were being held liable for the alleged crimes committed on their own interest by their own employees pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01. The Public Prosecutor is alleging, depending on some specific areas related to the Mantua industrial hub, the crimes of unauthorized waste management, environmental damage/pollution, omitted communication of environmental contamination and omitted clean-up. Following the filing of defense briefs, the case has been dismissed against some individuals. The Public Prosecutor's Office requested the indictment of the remaining defendants, not yet notified, confirming the allegations referred to in the closing of the investigation. (xvii) Versalis SpA– Brindisi plant factory flares and odor emissions - Criminal procedure n. 6580/18 R.G. Mod. 44 against unknown persons. On May 18, 2018 the manager of the Versalis plant in Brindisi and two other employees were summoned in order to provide brief information regarding two episodes that occurred in April 2018 which led to the activation of the plant torches. The company collaborated with the judicial authorities to provide useful information to exclude that such events may have had a negative and significant impact on air quality. Moreover, the Company is reviewing available data as well as carrying out some important upgrading to minimize any detrimental effect, even if only visual, of the flaring phenomenon with the construction of a new ground torch facility. At the end of May 2020, in conjunction with a scheduled shutdown of the plant, anomalous concentrations of benzene and toluene were detected; on those bases, the mayor of Brindisi ordered the plant shutdown. The order was issued without any technical check on the real correlation between the peaks detected in the air and the activities in progress at the plant. After a close discussion with the authorities in charge, the order was revoked. However, the Public Prosecutor acquired information and documents, also produced by the Company itself, on the aforementioned order to verify, also from a criminal point of view, any connection or responsibilities. The proceeding has been filed for the time being against unknown persons and it is not possible to exclude that this event may be the subject of a proceeding from the Public Prosecutor's Office. The company is providing all the involved local authorities with all the useful information for the correct reconstruction of the facts. (xviii) Eni SpA R&M Depot of Civitavecchia - Criminal proceedings for groundwater pollution. In the period in which Eni was in charge of the Civitavecchia storage hub (2008-2018), pending the approval of a characterization plan of the environmental status of the site, the Company, in coordination with public authorities, adopted measures to preserve the safety of the groundwaters and to pursue the clean-up process of the site until its disposal. The Public Prosecutor of Civitavecchia issued a notice of conclusion of the preliminary investigations, contesting, among others, the former manager of the Eni fuel storage hub of Civitavecchia, the alleged crime of environmental pollution in relation to the mismanagement of the hydraulic barrier placed over the site aimed at putting under emergency safety the contaminated groundwater, as part of the clean-up process in progress. This circumstance would have been reported by officials of a local authority (ARPA), to whom technical feedback has been provided several times over the years. Eni is under investigation pursuant to Legislative Decree 231/2001. The prosecutor made a request for indictment. 1.2 Civil and administrative proceedings in the matters of environment, health and safety (i)Eni Rewind SpA — Summon for alleged environmental damage caused by DDT pollution in Lake Maggiore. In May 2003, the Ministry for the Environment claimed compensation from Eni Rewind for alleged environmental damage caused by the activity at the Pieve Vergonte plant in the years 1990 through 1996. In July 2008, the District Court of Turin ordered Eni Rewind to pay environmental damages amounting to €1,833.5 million, plus interests accrued from the filing of the decision. Eni and its subsidiary deemed the amount of the environmental damage to be absolutely groundless as the sentence lacked sufficient elements to support such a material amount of the liability from the volume of pollutants ascertained by the Italian Environmental Minister. In July 2009, Eni Rewind filed an appeal and consequently the proceeding continued before a second Instance Court of Turin that requested a technical appraisal on the matter. The consultants that undertook this appraisal concluded that: (i) no further measure for environmental restoration is required; (ii) there was no significant and measurable impact on the environment of the ecosystem, therefore no restoration or damage compensation should be claimed; the only impact seen concerned fishing activity, with an estimated damage of €7 million which could be already restored through the measures proposed by Eni Rewind, and; (iii) the necessity and convenience of dredging should be excluded, both from the legal and scientific point of view, while confirming technical and scientific correctness of the Eni Rewind's approach based on the monitoring of the process of natural recovery, which is estimated to require 20 years. In March 2017, the second Instance Court: (i) excluded the application of compensation for monetary equivalent; (ii) annulled the monetary compensation of €1.8 billion requesting Eni Rewind to perform the already approved clean-up project of the polluted areas, which comprise groundwater, as well as compensatory remediation works. The value of these compensatory works required by the Court, in case of Eni Rewind failure or misperformance, is estimated at €9.5 million. The clean-up project filed by Eni Rewind was ratified by the authorities and is currently being executed. Expenditures expected to be incurred have been provisioned in the environmental provision. Any other claims filed by the Italian Minister for the Environment were rejected by the court (including compensation for non-material damage). In April 2018, the Ministry for the Environment filed an appeal to the Third Instance Court. Following this appeal, the Company appeared in Court. After the hearings in July 2020 and in January 2021, the sentence is still ongoing. (ii)Eni Rewind SpA - Versalis SpA - Eni SpA (R&M) - Augusta harbor. The Italian Ministry for the Environment with various administrative acts required companies that were operating plants in the petrochemical site of Priolo to perform safety and environmental remediation works in the Augusta harbor. Companies involved include Eni subsidiaries Versalis, Eni Rewind and Eni Refining & Marketing Division. Pollution has been detected in this area primarily due to a high mercury concentration that is allegedly attributed to the industrial activity of the Priolo petrochemical site. The above-mentioned companies contested these administrative actions, objecting in particular to the nature of the remediation works decided and the methods whereby information on the pollutants concentration has been gathered. A number of administrative proceedings started on this matter were subsequently merged before the Regional Administrative Court. In October 2012, the Court ruled in favor of Eni’s subsidiaries against the Ministry’s requirements for the removal of the pollutants and the construction of a physical barrier. In September 2017, the Ministry notified all the companies involved of a formal notice for the start of remediation and environmental restoration of the Augusta harbor within 90 days, basing its request on an alleged ascertainment of liability on the basis of the 2012 provision of Regional Administrative Court. The act, contested by the co-owner companies in December 2017, constitutes a formal notice for environmental damage. In June 2019, the Italian Ministry for the Environment set up a permanent technical committee to review the matter of the clean-up and reclamation of the Augusta harbor. The report, recalling the warning of 2017, confirmed the thesis of the Bodies on the responsibility of the companies co-located for the contamination of the Rada and affirmed a breach of the aforementioned warning by the companies, also communicated to the Public Prosecutor's Office. In agreement with all the other companies involved, this report and other parallel internal technical investigations were challenged for defensive purposes. Eni's subsidiary proposed to the Italian Environmental Ministry to start a collaboration with other interested parties to find remediation measures based on new available environmental data collected by independent agencies, without prejudice to the need for the parties to correctly identify the legal entity responsible for the contamination detected. In the meantime, the company requested, in full compliance with applicable environmental laws, to establish a roadmap for identifying the companies accountable for the environmental pollution and their respective shares of responsibility in order to implement a clean-up and remediation project. In September 2020, the Company took part in the Investigation Services Conference convened by the Ministry of the Environment on the results of the technical investigations and exhibited, together with its consultants, the in-depth analyzes on the environmental state of the Rada and its observations to the report which would lead to the exclusion of any involvement of the Group companies in the contamination detected. (iii) Eni SpA – Eni Rewind SpA (former Syndial SpA) – Raffineria di Gela SpA – Claim for preventive technical inquiry. In February 2012, Eni’s subsidiaries Raffineria di Gela SpA and Eni Rewind SpA and the parent company Eni SpA (involved in this matter through the operations of the Refining & Marketing Division) were notified of a claim issued by the parents of children with birth defects in the Municipality of Gela between 1992 and 2007. The claim called for an inquiry aimed at determining any causality between the birth defects suffered by these children and any environmental pollution caused by the Gela site, quantifying the alleged damages suffered and eventually identifying the terms and conditions to settle the claim. The same issue was the subject of previous criminal proceedings, of which one closed without determining any illegal behavior on the part of Eni or its subsidiaries, while a further criminal proceeding is still pending. In December 2015, the three companies involved were sued in relation to a total of 30 cases of compensation for damages in civil proceedings. In May 2018, the Court issued a first instance judgment concerning one case. The Judge rejected the claim for damages, acknowledging the arguments of the defendant companies in relation to the absence of evidence concerning the existence of a causal link between the birth defects and the alleged industrial pollution. The judgement has been appealed. (iv)Environmental claim relating to the Municipality of Cengio. Since 2008 a proceeding is pending by the Court of Genoa, brought by The Ministry for the Environment and the Delegated Commissioner for Environmental Emergency in the territory of the Municipality of Cengio. Those parties summoned Eni Rewind before a Civil Court and demanded Eni’s subsidiary compensate for the environmental damage relating to the site of Cengio. The request for environmental damage amounted to €250 million to which was to be added health damage to be quantified during the proceeding. The plaintiffs accused Eni Rewind of negligence in performing the clean-up and remediation of the site. In March 2019, the Ministry for the Environment presented a proposal to Eni Rewind to settle the case. The Company responded with a counterproposal in July 2019. In September 2020, the debate reopened and the drafting of an agreement shared between the parties and considered to be final also by the representatives of the Ministry was reached. The Ministry, through the Attorney's Office, at the hearing in February 2021, declared the "advanced state" of the negotiations, thus allowing the hearing to be postponed to June 2021. In March 2021, the Inspection Commission also issued a test certificate for the works carried out on the soils, thereby further strengthening the restorative suitability of the measures carried out by the Company (v) Val D'Agri - Eni / Vibac. In September 2019 a claim was brought in the Court of Potenza against Eni. The plaintiffs are eighty people, living in different municipalities of the Val d’Agri area, who are complaining of economic, non-economic, biological and moral damages, all deriving from the presence of Eni’s oil facilities in the territory. In particular, the claim refers to certain events which allegedly caused damage to the local community and the territory (such as a 2017 spill, flaring events since 2014, smelly and noisy emissions). The Judge has been asked to ascertain Eni's responsibility for causing emissions of polluting substances into the atmosphere. The plaintiffs have also requested Eni be ordered to interrupt any polluting activity and to be allowed to resume industrial activities on condition that all the necessary remediation measures be implemented to eliminate all of the alleged dangerous situations. Finally, they are asking that Eni compensate all direct and indirect property damages, current and future, to an extent that will be quantified in the course of the case. At the end of the trial phase, the Judge sent the parties the proposal for an extra-judicial settlement, putting a deadline to present further proposals on the matter. (vi) Eni SpA - Climate change. In 2017 and 2018, local government authorities and a fishing association brought in the courts of the State of California seven proceedings against a controlled entity (Eni Oil & Gas Inc.) and other oil companies. These proceedings claim compensation for the damages attributable to the increase in sea level and temperature, as well as to the hydrogeological instability. The cases have been transferred, by request of the defendants, from the State Courts to the Federal Courts. A specific request has been filed, highlighting the lack of jurisdiction of the State Courts. Following a suspension period waiting for the decision on jurisdiction, on May 26, 2020 the proceedings returned to the State Courts. On July 9, 2020, Eni Oil & Gas Inc, together with other defendants, signed a petition for rehearing “en blanc” to request a review of the postponement decision to the competent “9th Circuit Court”. The disputes will remain suspended until a decision made on the petition for rehearing. The Court rejected the petition for rehearing en banc but, at the request of the defendants, granted a suspension of the proceedings of 120 days (until January 2021) to allow the defendants themselves to present a so-called petition for certiorari to the Supreme Court of the United States in order to obtain the revision of rejection. The petition was presented in January 2021 by the defendant; the Supreme Court of the United States will rule on the matter by June 2021. (vii) Eni Rewind / Province of Vicenza – Clean-up process for Trissino site. On May 7, 2019 the Province of Vicenza imposed (with a warning) on some persons and companies as MITENI SpA in bankruptcy, Mitsubishi and ICI, to clean-up the Trissino site where MITENI carried out its industrial activity. In this site, in 2018, based on the analysis carried out by administrative parties, significant concentrations of substances considered highly toxic-harmful and carcinogenic were allegedly discovered in groundwater and in surface water. The analysis carried out by the Province of Vicenza with the direct involvement of the Istituto Superiore di Sanità reported the presence of these substances in the blood of about 53,000 people in the area. The action of health analysis and monitoring by the institutions is destined to increase. The Province warned some individuals, including a former employee who served between 1988 and 1996 as CEO of a company that was taken over by Eni Rewind. In an initial phase of the administrative procedure, there were no references to the former company Enichem Synthesis, which Eni Rewind took over, therefore the legal assistance and the defense strategy were concentrated supporting only the persons involved. Instead, several appeals to the Regional Administrative Court have arisen in which Eni Rewind was called into question as the "successor" of Enichem for the period of management of the site as the majority shareholder of MITENI. On the basis of this, in February 2020, the Province extended the proceeding also to Eni Rewind which set a procedural brief for the prompt filing of the proceeding against it. However, on October 5, 2020 the Province notified a warning with which it would have identified Eni Rewind as further responsible for the potential contamination of the Trissino site. On December 4, 2020 Eni Rewind appealed to the Administrative Court, pending the setting of the hearing. Eni Rewind was also invited to take part in several meetings that will be held by the Public Entities in relation to the site remediation interventions, and has already participated in the first one held on December 23, 2020, without thereby granting any acquiescence to the provisions issued by the Province. Access to the documents is ongoing with the Public Authorities aimed at acquiring a complete knowledge of the facts and being able to integrate the defenses in these proceedings. In order to carry out a transversal study on the issue of PFAS, the company has established a Working Group (WG) that will analyze the technical-environmental, toxicological and regulatory aspects also addressing the issue with an international approach. In addition to Eni Group personnel, three external competent consultants for the respective subjects are part of the WG. 2. Proceedings concerning criminal/administrative corporate responsibility (i) Block OPL 245 — Nigeria. A criminal case is ongoing before the Court of Milan alleging international corruption in connection with the acquisition in 2011 of the OPL 245 exploration block in Nigeria. In July 2014, the Public Prosecutor of Milan served Eni with a notice of investigation pursuant to Italian Legislative Decree No. 231/01. The proceeding was commenced following a claim filed by NGO ReCommon relating to alleged corruptive practices which, according to the Public Prosecutor, allegedly involved the Resolution Agreement made on April 29, 2011 relating to the so-called Oil Prospecting License of the offshore oilfield that was discovered in OPL 245. Eni fully cooperated with the Public Prosecutor and promptly filed the requested documentation. Furthermore, Eni voluntarily reported the matter to the US Department of Justice and the US SEC. In July 2014, Eni’s Board of Statutory Auditors jointly with the Eni Watch Structure resolved to engage an independent, US-based law firm, expert in anticorruption, to conduct a forensic, independent review of the matter, upon informing the Judicial Authorities. After reviewing the matter, the US lawyers concluded that they detected no evidence of wrongdoing by Eni in relation to the 2011 transaction with the Nigerian government for the acquisition of the OPL 245 license. In September 2014, the Public Prosecutor notified Eni of a restraining order issued by a British judge who ordered the seizure of a bank account not pertaining to Eni domiciled at a British bank following a request from the Public Prosecutor. Since the act had also been notified to some persons, including the CEO of Eni and the former Chief Development, Operation & Technology Officer of Eni and the former CEO of Eni, it was assumed that the same had been registered in the register of suspects at the Milan Prosecutor's office. During a hearing before a court in London in September 2014, Eni and its current executive officers stated their non-involvement in the matter regarding the seized bank account. Following the hearing, the Court reaffirmed the seizure. In December 2016, the Public Prosecutor of Milan notified Eni of the conclusion of the preliminary investigation and requested Eni’s CEO, the Chief Development, Operations and Technological Officer and the Executive Vice President for international negotiations to stand trial, as well as Eni’s former CEO and Eni SpA, pursuant to Italian Legislative Decree No. 231/01. Upon the notification to Eni of the conclusion of the preliminary investigation by the Public Prosecutor, the independent US-based law firm was requested to assess whether the new documentation made available from Italian prosecutors could modify the conclusions of the prior review. The US law firm was also provided with the documentation filed in the Nigerian proceeding mentioned below. The independent US law firm concluded that the reappraisal of the matter in light of the new documentation available did not alter the outcome of the prior review. In September 2019, the DoJ notified Eni that based on the information it currently possessed, the DoJ was closing its investigation of Eni in connection with OPL 245 without the filing of any charges. In December 2017, the Judge for preliminary investigation ordered the indictment of all the parties mentioned above, and other parties under investigation by the Public Prosecutor, before the Court of Milan. The request of the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) for admission as a civil claimant in the proceedings was granted in July 2018. The first instance trial of the Milan Prosecutor's OPL 245 charges began before the Court of Milan on June 20, 2018. Following the discussion of the parties, in response to the request for conviction for all the individuals and companies involved, at the hearing of March 17, 2021 the judge fully acquitted all the defendants, since there was no case. In January 2017, Eni’s subsidiary Nigerian Agip Exploration Ltd (“NAE”) became aware of an Interim Order of Attachment (“Order”) issued by the Nigerian Federal High Court upon request from the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), attaching OPL 245 temporarily pending a proceeding in Nigeria relating to alleged corruption and money laundering. After making this application, Eni became aware of a formal filing of charges by the EFCC against NAE and other parties. In March 2017, the Nigerian Court revoked the Order. To NAE’s knowledge EFCC charges have not been dropped but none of the defendants were served nor arraigned. In November 2018, Eni SpA and its subsidiaries NAE, NAOC and AENR (as well as some companies of the Shell Group) were notified of the intention of the FGN to bring a civil claim before an English court to obtain compensation for damages allegedly deriving from the transaction that resulted in assignment of the OPL 245 to NAE and Shell subsidiary SNEPCO (Shell subsidiary). On April 15, 2019 the Nigerian subsidiaries NAE, NAOC and AENR received formal notification of the commencement of the proceeding, while similar notification was received by Eni SpA on May 16, 2019. In the introductory deeds of the proceeding, the claim is set at $1,092 million or at any other amount that will be established during the proceedings. The FGN has based its assessment on an estimated fair value of the asset of $3.5 billion. Eni’s interest in the asset is 50%. As the FGN is also acting as claimant in the Italian proceeding before the Court of Milan, this claim appears to duplicate the claims made before the Milan’s Court against Eni employees. On May 22, 2020, the Judge accepted the exception presented by Eni and declined its jurisdiction over the case, having found the judicial pending with the Milan procedure according to the criteria set out in Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012. The Appeal Court obtained permission to appeal against the decision. Similarly, the Appeal Court rejected the Nigerian Government's request to appeal the decision, thus making it definitive. On January 20, 2020, NAE subsidiary was notified of the beginning of a new criminal case before the Federal High Court in Abuja. The proceeding, mainly focused on the accusations against Nigerian persons (including the Minister of Justice in office in 2011, at the time of the disputed facts), involves NAE and SNEPCO as co-holders of the OPL 245 license. These persons were attributed in 2011 illicit acts of corruptive nature, which NAE and SNEPCO would have unlawfully facilitated. The beginning of the trial, scheduled for the end of March 2020, has been postponed for the closure of the judicial offices in Nigeria due to COVID-19 emergency. A new hearing has not been scheduled to date. (ii)Congo. In March 2017, the Italian Finance Police served Eni with an information request in accordance with the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure in connection with an investigative file opened by the Public Prosecutor of Milan against unknown persons. The request related in particular to the agreements signed by Eni Congo SA with the Ministry of Hydrocarbons of the Republic of Congo in 2013, 2014 and 2015 in relation to exploration, development and production activities concerning certain permits held by Eni Congo SA for Congolese projects and Eni’s relationships with Congolese companies that hold stakes in those projects. In July 2017, the Italian Financial Police, on behalf of the Public Prosecutor of Milan, served Eni with another information request and a notice of investigation pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01 for alleged international corruption. The request expressly stated that it was based in part on the March 2017 information request and concerned the relationship of Eni and its subsidiaries with certain third-party companies from 2012 to the present. Eni produced all of the documentation requested in March and July 2017 and voluntarily disclosed this matter to the relevant US authorities (SEC and DoJ). In January 2018, the Public Prosecutor's Office requested a six-months extension of the deadline for conducting its preliminary investigation into this matter, from January 31, 2018 until July 30, 2018. Subsequently in July 2018, the Public Prosecutor requested a second extension until February 28, 2019. In April 2018, the Public Prosecutor of Milan served Eni SpA with a further request for documentation and notified a former Eni employee, who was the then Chief Development, Operation & Technology Officer, of a search order stating that he and another Eni employee had been placed under investigation. In October 2018, the Public Prosecutor ordered the seizure of an e-mail account of another Eni manager, who was formerly the general director of Eni in Congo during the period 2010 - 2013. In December 2018 and subsequently in May, September and December 2019, Eni was notified by the Public Prosecutor of Milan of a request for documents in accordance with the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure, concerning some economic transactions between Eni Group companies and certain third-party companies. All the required documentation has been produced to the Judge. In September 2019, the Company was informed that the Company's CEO was served with a search decree and an investigation decree in connection with an alleged violation of article 2629 bis of the Italian Civil Code which penalizes directors of listed companies, who fail to communicate conflicts of interest. The alleged omission relates to the supply of logistics and transportation services to certain Eni's subsidiaries operating in Africa, among which Eni Congo SA, by third-party companies owned by Petroserve Holding BV, in the period 2007-2018. The claims are based on the allegations that the wife of the Company's CEO retained a shareholding of the above-mentioned holding company during part of the period of time under investigation. The Board of Directors of Eni SpA has never been involved in any resolution concerning the suppliers under investigation. Subsequently, on June 15, 2020, the company was informed that an extension of the investigations relating to these allegations was requested until December 21, 2020. On September 9, 2020, Eni was notified of a decree, setting a hearing due to the filing by the Public Prosecutor of Milan requesting a restrictive measure pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01, relating to some oilfields in Congo. In particular, the Judge requested Eni to be banned from exploiting Djambala II, Foukanda II, Mwafi II, Kitina II, Marine VI Bis, Loango, Zatchi oilfields for 2 years and subordinately the appointment of a judicial commissioner to manage those oilfields. The Judge for Preliminary Investigations in the decree setting the hearing for September 21, 2020, recognized the above-mentioned restrictive measure would have been statute barred on July 14, 2020, since the date of commission of the alleged crimes was mentioned by the public prosecutors till July 14, 2015. However, this five-year limitation term would have been suspended due to the recent anti-covid legislation until September 16, 2020. The Judge also stated that a claim was pending before the Constitutional Court about the constitutional legitimacy of the aforementioned anti-covid legislation, with particular reference to the principle of non-retroactivity of an unfavorable rule. Therefore, the hearing initially set for September 21, 2020, was postponed initially to December 10, 2020 pending the resolution of the Constitutional Court and then, once the Court resolved to declare the legitimacy of the anti-covid rule to February 17, 2021 also to await the filing of the reasons for the sentence. The hearing of February 17, 2021 was postponed to March 25, 2021, due to the fact that the Public Prosecutor changed the charge from international corruption to undue inducement to give or promise benefits, a possible course of action was explored whereby the public prosecutor and the defendant may request the judge to apply a penalty. On March 15, 2021, the Board of Directors of Eni SpA approved the granting of a special power of attorney in favor of the defense lawyer of Eni SpA, the entity legally liable, to propose a motion to apply a penalty on request of the parties. The sanction agreed with the Public Prosecutor amounts to €11.8 million. At the hearing on March 25, 2021 the Judge for Preliminary Investigations accepted the agreed sanction and the Prosecutor also revoked the request for restrictive measure for Eni SpA. In April 2018, the Board of Statutory Auditors, the Watch Structure and the Control and Risk Committee of Eni jointly appointed an independent law firm and a professional consulting company, knowledgeable in the matter of anti-corruption, to carry out a forensic review of facts relating to Eni's work in Congo. Such review did not find any factual evidence as to the involvement of Eni, nor of any Eni employees and key managers, in the alleged crimes. In November 2019, following the notification of further investigative documents, the Board of Statutory Auditors, the Watch Structure of Eni and the Control and Risk Committee asked the professional consultants, which had been engaged in 2018, also to review the conclusions reached, in the light of the documentation made available following the decree notified to the CEO in September 2019. The second report of the consultants, which was delivered in July 2020, integrates the findings achieved in the first report, particularly indicating that: (i) it is probable that the CEO’s wife retained a shareholding in the Petroserve Group for a few years, at least, starting from 2009 until 2012; (ii) there is an absence of evidence to contradict the statements made by the CEO as to his lack of knowledge of his wife's interests in the ownership of Petroserve Group; (iii) absence of evidence that the activity of the above mentioned involved employees was carried out in the interest of Eni. 3. Other proceedings concerning criminal matters (i) Eni SpA (R&M) — Criminal proceedings on fuel excise tax. A criminal proceeding is currently pending, relating to alleged evasion of excise taxes in the context of retail sales in the fuel market. In particular, the claim states that the quantity of oil products marketed by Eni was larger than the quantity subjected to the excise tax. This proceeding (No. 7320/2014 RGNR) concerns the combination of distinct investigations: (i) A first proceeding, opened by the Public Prosecutor’s Office of Frosinone involved a company (Turrizziani Petroli) purchaser of Eni’s fuel. This investigation was subsequently extended to Eni. The Company fully cooperated and provided all data and information concerning the excise tax obligations for the quantities of fuel coming from the storage sites of Gaeta, Naples and Livorno. Such proceeding referred to quantities of oil products sold by Eni, allegedly larger than the quantity subjected to the excise tax. (ii) A second proceeding concerning an investigation by the Public Prosecutor’s Office of Prato, commenced in regard to the deposit of Calenzano and relates to abduction of fuel through manipulation of the fuel dispensers, subsequently extended also to the Refinery of Stagno (Livorno); (iii) A third proceeding, opened by the Public Prosecutor’s Office of Rome, concerns alleged missing payment of excise tax on the surplus of the unloading products, as the quantity of such products was larger than the quantity reported in the supporting fiscal documents. This proceeding represents a development of the first proceeding mentioned above and substantially concerns similar facts presenting, however, some differences with regard to the nature of the alleged crimes and the responsibility. The Public Prosecutor’s Office of Rome has alleged the existence of a criminal conspiracy aimed at habitual abduction of oil products at all of the 22 storage sites which are operated by Eni in Italy. Eni is cooperating with the Prosecutor in order to defend the correctness of its operation. In September 2014, a search was conducted at the office of the former chief of the R&M Division in Rome. The motivations of the search are the same as the above-mentioned proceeding as the ongoing investigations also relate to a period of time when the officer was in charge at Eni’s R&M Division. In March 2015, the Prosecutor of Rome ordered a search at all the storage sites of Eni’s network in Italy as part of the same proceeding. The search was intended to verify the existence of fraudulent practices aimed at tampering with measuring systems functional to the tax compliance of excise duties in relation to fuel handling at the storage sites. In September 2015, the Public Prosecutor of Rome requested a one-off technical appraisal aimed to verify the compliance of the software installed at certain metric heads previously seized with those lodged by the manufacturer at the Ministry of Economic Development. The technical appraisal verified the compliance of the software tested. The proceeding was then extended to a large number of employees and former employees of the Company. Eni has continued to provide full cooperation to the authorities. During 2018, as part of the general proceeding no. 7320/2014, the Public Prosecutor of Rome notified the conclusion of the preliminary investigations in relation to the criminal proceeding concerning the Calenzano, Pomezia, Naples, Gaeta and Ortona storage sites and the Livorno and Sannazzaro refineries. Based on the outcome of the investigations, as far as Eni is concerned, the proceeding involves former managers and directors of the logistic sites and refineries indicated above concerning alleged aggravated and continuous non-payment of excise duties, alteration and removal of seals, use and possession of false measures and weights instruments. In addition, for the Calenzano site, three employees and their manager of the storage site were accused of alleged procedural fraud. In September 2018, Eni received, as injured party, the notification of the schedule of hearing issued by the Court of Rome, in relation to criminal association and other minor claims, against numerous persons under investigation — including over forty Eni employees — subject of a separated proceeding (No. 22066/17 RGNR), for which, in May 2017, the Public Prosecutor’s Office had requested the dismissal. At the end of the hearing in December 2018, the Judge accepted the request for dismissal for several persons under investigation, including thirteen Eni employees. The Judge also initially rejected the request of indictment for criminal association relating to twenty-eight Eni employees (including the former managers of the R&M Division). As part of the separate proceeding no. 22066/2017 RGNR, following the re-filing by the Public Prosecutor of the indictment for criminal association, following a preliminary hearing, the judge resolved to dismiss the case against all of the defendants because allegations were found to be groundless. (ii)Eni SpA — Public Prosecutor of Milan — Criminal proceeding no. 12333/2017. In February 2018, Eni was notified of a search and seizure decree in relation to allegations of associative crime aimed at slander and at reporting false information to a Public Prosecutor. In the decree, the Prosecutor of Milan included, among the other persons under investigation, a former external lawyer and a former Eni manager, at the time of the facts holding strategic positions in the Company. According to the decree, the association is allegedly aimed at interfering with the judicial activity in certain criminal proceedings that are involving, among others, Eni and some of its directors and managers. Afterwards, the Control and Risks Committee, having consulted the Board of Statutory Auditors, and together with the Watch Structure, agreed to engage an auditing firm to perform an internal audit of all relevant facts and circumstances and all records and documentation relating to the matter with respect to the events of the aforementioned proceeding, including a forensic review. The final report, submitted to the Control and Risk Committee, the Watch Structure and the Board of Statutory Auditors on September 12, 2018, concluded that following the review carried out with respect to the allegations made by the Public Prosecutor of Milan, there was not sufficient factual evidence to prove the involvement of the aforementioned former manager of Eni in the alleged crimes. On April 19, 2018, the Board of Directors appointed two external consultants, a criminal lawyer and a civil lawyer to provide independent legal advice in relation to the facts under investigation. Their report, dated November 22, 2018, did not find facts which could suggest any involvement of any Eni employees in the crimes alleged by the Public Prosecutor. On June 4, 2018, Consob, the Italian market regulator, requested to be informed about the above-mentioned proceeding. The request was addressed to the Company and to its Board of Statutory Auditors. Specifically, Consob asked for the outcome of the forensic review and to be updated about any other audit action taken in relation to the matter by the Company and by its Board of Statutory Auditors. The Board of Statutory Auditors was also requested to report about the findings of the additional audit program agreed with an external auditor regarding the matter and to keep Consob updated about any further initiatives adopted. The Company answered the request on June 11, 2018. Subsequently, the Company finalized its response by sending further documentation including the final report of the independent third party and the reports of the consultants of the Board of Directors. The Board of Statutory Auditors has periodically updated Consob of the initiatives taken as part of the Board’s monitoring responsibilities with several communications, the last of which on July 25, 2020. On June 13, 2018, Eni was notified of a request from the Prosecutor Office to transmit certain documentation in accordance with the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure. The request targeted evidence and documents relating to the internal audit performed by the Company and any possible external review concerning certain tasks that had been assigned to the former external lawyer with respect to Eni. This lawyer appears to be investigated as part of this proceeding. The reports of the independent third party and of the consultant of the Board of directors were also sent to the Public Prosecutor. In May and June 2019, in the context of the same proceeding, the Court of Milan notified Eni and three of its subsidiaries (ETS SpA, Versalis SpA, Ecofuel SpA) of various requests for documentation in accordance with the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure. At the same time, on May 23, 2019, Eni was served a notice that the Company is being investigated pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01, with reference to the crime sanctioned by the Italian Penal Code concerning “inducement not to make statements or to make false statements to the judicial authority”. The object of the aforementioned requests particularly concerned the relations with two business partners, access to Eni offices of certain third parties, also on behalf of one of the above-mentioned business partners, the mailbox of some employees and former employees, the documentation concerning the relations (and the interruption of those relations) with the former external lawyer investigated in the proceeding, the internal audit reports and the reports of the Company’s bodies that dealt with assessing these relationships. Following internal audits, on June 21, 2019, the Company sued for fraud a former employee at its subsidiary ETS, who was fired on May 28, 2019, and also filed a complaint before the Judicial Authority to ascertain possible complicity in fraud of other third parties. On August 14, 2019, the Italian tax police sent a new request for information to Eni, concerning the economic relations between Eni Group companies and an external professional. In November 2019, Eni received a notice to extend the preliminary investigations. The notice also covered the investigations of the alleged breach of certain provisions of Italian Law Decree 231/01 until May 2020 on part of Eni. Furthermore, it was ascertained that certain former Eni employees have been charged with various criminal allegations. Those employees were a former manager of Eni’s legal department, the former Chief Upstream Officer of Eni and an employee that was fired in 2013. A number of third parties have also been indicted, among them, two former legal consultants of Eni. On January 23, 2020, a search decree and an indictment were notified to the Company’s Chief Services & Stakeholder Relations Officer, the Senior Vice President for Security and to a manager of the legal department. Following the requests for review of the aforementioned decree, the material deposited by the Public Prosecutor's Office was made available to the Company, which requested its examination by the same consultants appointed in 2018 to examine the documentation. Subsequently, in June, July and September 2020, Eni was notified by the Public Prosecutor of Milan of several requests for documentation concerning, in particular: the results of the inquiries carried out by the internal audit following an anonymous report relating to a hospitality event in 2017; some clarifications regarding an invoice issued by an external law firm; the internal audit report on relations with a commercial third part; work commitments of the Chief Services & Stakeholder Relations Officer relating to certain dates of 2014 and 2016; the documentation concerning the dismissal of a former Eni employee. All the required documentation has been produced over time to the Judicial Authority. On November 9, 2020, the Company was informed of the notification to Eni's CEO of a technical assessments notice, with contextual guarantee information aimed at allowing participation, through its consultant, in the scheduled review of the content of a telephone device seized from a former Eni employee. (iii)Eni SpA — Public Prosecutor of Milan — Insider trading. In March 2019, a request for extending certain investigations was notified to Eni’s former Chief Upstream Officer by the public prosecutor office of Milan. The commencement of the investigations was otherwise not notified. The investigations related to an alleged breach of Italian provisions that regulate insider trading and access to market-sensitive information. The breach was allegedly made from November 1 to December 1, 2016. There were no more informative details about the alleged breach in the notified document. This investigation has been combined into the abovementioned one. 4. Tax proceedings (i) Dispute for omitted payment of a property tax for some oil offshore platforms located in territorial waters. Tax disputes are pending with some Italian local authorities regarding whether oil&gas offshore platforms located within territorial boundaries should be subject to a property tax in the period 2016-2019. In 2016 the tax regulatory framework changed due to enactment of law no. 208/2015, which excluded from the scope of the property tax the value of plants instrumental to specific production processes. In addition, the Finance Department recognized that offshore platforms met the requirements for classification as instrumental plants and consequently are excluded from the scope of the property tax (resolution no. 3 of June 1, 2016). Based on this interpretation, Eni did not pay any property tax for the years 2016-2019. However, the ruling of the Department of Finance is not binding for local authorities with taxing powers as recognized by the Third Instance Court and some of these have issued assessment notices for 2016-2019. The Company filed an appeal against these notices. Although Eni believes that oil platforms located in the territorial sea should be excluded from the tax base of the property tax on the base of the interpretation of the law in the light of the resolution of the Department of Finance, having assessed the risks of losing in pending disputes, the Company accrued a risk provision, the amount of which excludes fines since Eni's conduct was based on the administrative resolution, as well as taking into account the reduction of the tax base excluding the "plant component" as provided by the law. The proceeding is still ongoing. Law Decree 124/2019 (enacted with Law 157/2019) has established, starting from 2020, that marine platforms are subject to a new property tax that will replace and supersede any other ordinary local property tax eventually levied on these plants up to 2019. This rule has therefore sanctioned, starting from 2020, the existence of the tax requirement for these plants. 5. Settled proceedings (i) EniPower SpA. In 2004, the Public Prosecutor of Milan commenced inquiries into contracts awarded by Eni’s subsidiary EniPower SpA and as to supplies provided by other companies to EniPower SpA. It emerged that illicit payments were made by EniPower SpA suppliers to a manager of EniPower SpA who was immediately fired. The Court served EniPower SpA (the commissioning entity) and Snamprogetti SpA, now Saipem SpA (contractor of engineering and procurement services), with notices of investigation pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01. In August 2007, Eni was notified that the Public Prosecutor requested the dismissal of EniPower SpA and Snamprogetti SpA, while the proceeding continues against former employees of these companies and employees and managers of the suppliers pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01. Eni SpA, EniPower SpA and Snamprogetti SpA presented themselves as plaintiffs. In September 2011, the Court of Milan found that nine persons were guilty for the above-mentioned crimes. In addition, they were sentenced jointly and severally to the payment of all damages to be assessed through a specific proceeding and to the reimbursement of the proceeding expenses incurred by the plaintiffs. The Court also resolved to dismiss all the criminal indictments for 7 employees, representing some companies involved as a result of the statute of limitations, while the trial ended with an acquittal of 15 defendants. In reference to the parts involved in the proceeding pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01, the Court found that 7 companies are responsible for the administrative offenses ascribed to them, imposing a fine and the disgorgement of profit. The Court rejected the position as plaintiffs of the Eni Group companies, reversing the prior decision made by the Court. This decision may have been made based on a pronouncement made by a Third Instance Court that stated the illegitimacy of the constitution as plaintiffs against any legal entity, as indicted pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 231/01. The sentenced parties filed appeal against the above-mentioned decision. The Appeal Court issued a ruling that substantially confirmed the first-degree judgment except for the fact that it ascertained the statute of limitation with regard to certain defendants. The Third Instance Court successively annulled the judgment of the Second Instance Court ascribing the judgment to another section that, once more, confirmed the sentence of first instance, excepting the rulings of the previous appeal sentence not subject to annulment, including the statute of limitation. The grounds of the sentence have been filed confirming the motivations provided by the previous instance Courts. An appeal was filed at the Third Instance Court solely for the purposes of the civil proceeding. Following this ruling by the Court, the criminal proceedings can be considered concluded. (ii) Eni Rewind SpA – Environmental disaster at Ferrandina. In January 2018, the Public Prosecutor of Matera commenced a criminal proceeding against a manager of the Eni subsidiary Eni Rewind based on allegations of unlawful handling of waste and environmental disaster as part of the reclaiming activities performed at an industrial site (Ferrandina/Pisticci in the south of Italy). The charge related to an alleged spillover of effluent in the subsoil and then in a nearby river due to a damaged pipe dedicated to the transportation of effluent to a disposal plant owned by a third party. At the preliminary hearing in October 2019, the Judge dismissed the case on the basis that the defendant did not commit any crime. The sentence has become final. (iii) Algeria. On January 15, 2020, the second penal section of the Court of Appeal of Milan confirmed the first-degree acquittal sentence against the former Eni managers in relation to the disputes for the acquisition of the FCP by Eni, declaring the appeal proposed by the Public prosecutor inadmissible against the Company. On June 12, 2020, the General Prosecutor filed an appeal in Third Instance Court for the part of the proceeding relating to Saipem, not expressly challenging the heads and points of the judgment relating to the so-called "Eni affair - FCP". The Third Instance Court rejected the appeal pronounced against Saipem, its former managers and third party accused. In 2012, Eni contacted the US Department of Justice (DoJ) and the US SEC in order to voluntarily inform them about this matter and has kept them informed about the developments in the Italian Prosecutors’ investigations and proceedings. Following Eni’s notification, both the US SEC and the DoJ started their own investigations regarding this matter. Eni has furnished various information and documents, including the findings of its internal reviews, in response to formal and informal requests. The DoJ notified Eni that based on the information it currently possessed, closing its investigation of Eni in connection with Eni's and Saipem's businesses in Algeria without the filing of any charges, ordering the closure of the proceeding as communicated to the market on October 1, 2019. In April 2020 Eni, having informed SEC of the acquittal pronounced on appeal on January 15, 2020, however concluded the investigation by the US SEC on Algerian activities of Saipem SpA, with a transaction that does not involve the admission of responsibility. The agreement provided for the payment of USD 19,750,000, which represents Eni's part of the tax benefits obtained by Saipem in relation to the costs incurred by Saipem, which are non-deductible, in addition to a sum of compensation for interest equal to USD 4,750,000. (iv) Eni Rewind SpA and Versalis SpA — Summon for alleged environmental damage caused by illegal waste disposal in the municipality of Melilli (Sicily). In May 2014, the Municipality of Melilli summoned Eni’s subsidiaries Eni Rewind and Versalis for the environmental damage allegedly caused by carrying out illegal waste disposal activities and unauthorized landfill. In particular, the plaintiff alleged Eni Rewind and Versalis were responsible because they produced the waste and commissioned the waste disposal. The plaintiff stated that this illegal handling of waste was part of certain criminal proceedings dating back to 2001-2003 which would have allegedly traced the hazardous waste materials back to the Priolo and Gela industrial sites that are managed by the above-mentioned Eni’s subsidiaries (in particular, the waste with high mercury concentration and railway sleepers no longer in use). Such waste was allegedly handled and disposed illegally at an unauthorized landfill owned by a third party. Two subsidiaries of Eni and a third-party waste company were claimed to be jointly and severally liable for damage amounting to €500 million. The third-party company executed waste disposal at the site. In June 2017, the Judge accepted all the defensive instances of Eni Rewind and Versalis, judging the requests of the Municipality to be inadmissible for lacking right to sue, also considering the requests to be unfounded or unproved, and ordered the Municipality to refund the expenses of the proceeding. In April 2018, the First Instance Judge rejected the counterclaim filed by the Municipality. An appeal for revocation is pending at the Third Instance Court. In July 2020 the appeal was held without defenders. The judge ordered the company to pay the expenses that were promptly provided. Assets under concession arrangements Eni operates under concession arrangements mainly in the Exploration & Production segment and the Refining & Marketing business line. In the Exploration & Production segment, contractual clauses governing mineral concessions, licenses and exploration permits regulate the access of Eni to hydrocarbon reserves. Such clauses can differ in each country. In particular, mineral concessions, licenses and permits are granted by the legal owners and, generally, entered into with government entities, State oil companies and, in some legal contexts, private owners. Pursuant to the assignment of mineral concessions, Eni sustains all the operational risks and costs related to the exploration and development activities and it is entitled to the productions realized. In respect of the mining concessions received, Eni pays royalties in accordance with the tax legislation in force in the country and is required to pay the income taxes deriving from the exploitation of the concession. In production sharing agreement and service contracts, realized productions are defined based on contractual agreements with State oil companies, which hold the concessions. Such contractual agreements regulate the recovery of costs incurred for the exploration, development and operating activities (Cost Oil) and give entitlement to the own portion of the realized productions (Profit Oil). In the Refining & Marketing business line, several service stations and other auxiliary assets of the distribution service are located in the motorway areas and they are granted by the motorway concession operators following a public tender for the sub-concession of the supplying of oil products distribution service and other auxiliary services. In exchange for the granting of the services described above, Eni provides to the motorway companies fixed and variable royalties based on quantities sold. At the end of the concession period, all non-removable assets are transferred to the grantor of the concession for no consideration. Environmental regulations In the future, Eni will sustain significant expenses in relation to compliance with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and for reclaiming, safety and remediation works of areas previously used for industrial production and dismantled sites. In particular, regarding the environmental risk, management does not currently expect any material adverse effect upon Eni’s Consolidated Financial Statements, taking account of ongoing remediation actions, existing insurance policies and the environmental risk provision accrued in the Consolidated Financial Statements. However, management believes that it is possible that Eni may incur material losses and liabilities in future years in connection with environmental matters due to: (i) the possibility of as yet unknown contamination; (ii) the results of ongoing surveys and other possible effects of statements required by Legislative Decree 152/2006; (iii) new developments in environmental regulation (i.e. Law No. 68/2015 on crimes against the environment and European Directive 2015/2193 on medium combustion plants); (iv) the effect of possible technological changes relating to future remediation; and (v) the possibility of litigation and the difficulty of determining Eni’s liability, if any, as against other potentially responsible parties with respect to such litigation and the possible insurance recoveries. Emission trading From 2013, the third phase of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) came in force. The new phase marked a significant change in the method of awarding emission allowance from a no-consideration scheme based on historical emissions to allocation through auctioning. For the period 2013 – 2020, the award of free emission allowances is performed based on European benchmarks specific to each industrial segment, except for the thermoelectric sector that is not eligible for allocations for no consideration. This regulatory scheme implies for Eni’s plants subject to emission trading a lower assignment of emission permits compared to the emissions recorded in the relevant year and, consequently, the necessity of covering the amounts in excess by purchasing the relevant emission allowances on the open market. In 2020, the emissions of carbon dioxide from Eni’s plants were higher than the free allowances assigned to Eni. Against emissions of carbon dioxide amounting to approximately 17.32 million tonnes, Eni was awarded free emission allowances of 6.84 million tonnes, determining a deficit of 10.48 million tonnes. This deficit was entirely covered through the purchase of emission allowances in the open market.

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v3.20.4

Revenues and other income | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Revenues and other income |
Revenues and other income | 28 Revenues and other income Sales from operations
|  |  |  |  |  | Refining & |  | Eni gase luce, |  |  |  |
|  | Exploration & |  | Global Gas & |  | Marketing and |  | Power & |  | Corporate and |  |
(€ million) |  | Production |  | LNG Portfolio |  | Chemical |  | Renewables |  | Other activities |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 6,359 |  | 5,362 |  | 24,937 |  | 7,135 |  | 194 |  | 43,987
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales of crude oil |  | 1,969 |  |  |  | 9,024 |  |  |  |  |  | 10,993
Sales of oil products |  | 517 |  |  |  | 11,852 |  |  |  |  |  | 12,369
Sales of natural gas and LNG |  | 3,505 |  | 5,000 |  | 20 |  | 2,741 |  |  |  | 11,266
Sales of petrochemical products |  |  |  |  |  | 3,277 |  |  |  | 19 |  | 3,296
Sales of other products |  | 113 |  | (2) |  | 36 |  | 2,366 |  | 2 |  | 2,515
Services |  | 255 |  | 364 |  | 728 |  | 2,028 |  | 173 |  | 3,548
Total |  | 6,359 |  | 5,362 |  | 24,937 |  | 7,135 |  | 194 |  | 43,987
Transfer of goods/services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goods/Services transferred in a specific moment |  | 5,896 |  | 5,239 |  | 24,639 |  | 7,135 |  | 78 |  | 42,987
Goods/Services transferred over a period of time |  | 463 |  | 123 |  | 298 |  |  |  | 116 |  | 1,000
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 10,499 |  | 9,230 |  | 41,976 |  | 7,972 |  | 204 |  | 69,881
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales of crude oil |  | 3,505 |  |  |  | 17,361 |  |  |  |  |  | 20,866
Sales of oil products |  | 1,189 |  |  |  | 19,615 |  |  |  |  |  | 20,804
Sales of natural gas and LNG |  | 5,454 |  | 8,881 |  | 214 |  | 3,373 |  |  |  | 17,922
Sales of petrochemical products |  |  |  |  |  | 4,088 |  |  |  | 22 |  | 4,110
Sales of other products |  | 68 |  |  |  | 16 |  | 2,503 |  | 6 |  | 2,593
Services |  | 283 |  | 349 |  | 682 |  | 2,096 |  | 176 |  | 3,586
Total |  | 10,499 |  | 9,230 |  | 41,976 |  | 7,972 |  | 204 |  | 69,881
Transfer of goods/services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goods/Services transferred in a specific moment |  | 9,946 |  | 9,117 |  | 41,727 |  | 7,972 |  | 86 |  | 68,848
Goods/Services transferred over a period of time |  | 553 |  | 113 |  | 249 |  |  |  | 118 |  | 1,033
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 9,943 |  | 11,931 |  | 46,088 |  | 7,684 |  | 176 |  | 75,822
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales of crude oil |  | 3,982 |  |  |  | 18,471 |  |  |  |  |  | 22,453
Sales of oil products |  | 1,133 |  |  |  | 21,266 |  |  |  |  |  | 22,399
Sales of natural gas and LNG |  | 4,554 |  | 11,575 |  | 166 |  | 3,347 |  |  |  | 19,642
Sales of petrochemical products |  |  |  |  |  | 5,539 |  |  |  | 35 |  | 5,574
Sales of other products |  | 27 |  | 1 |  | 20 |  | 2,362 |  | 11 |  | 2,421
Services |  | 247 |  | 355 |  | 626 |  | 1,975 |  | 130 |  | 3,333
Total |  | 9,943 |  | 11,931 |  | 46,088 |  | 7,684 |  | 176 |  | 75,822
Transfer of goods/services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goods/Services transferred in a specific moment |  | 9,676 |  | 11,801 |  | 46,029 |  | 7,684 |  | 106 |  | 75,296
Goods/Services transferred over a period of time |  | 267 |  | 130 |  | 59 |  |  |  | 70 |  | 526
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenues associated with contract liabilities at the beginning of the period |  | 818 |  | 747 |  | 342
Revenues associated with performance obligations totally or partially satisfied in previous years |  |  |  | 10 |  | 11
Sales from operations by industry segment and geographical area of destination are disclosed in note 35 – Segment information and information by geographical area, where revenues for 2019 and 2018 are shown restated following the design of the new macrostructure of Eni, divided in two General Departments. Sales from operations with related parties are disclosed in note 36 – Transactions with related parties. Other income and revenues
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Gains from sale of assets and businesses |  | 10 |  | 152 |  | 454
Other proceeds |  | 950 |  | 1,008 |  | 662
|  | 960 |  | 1,160 |  | 1,116
Other proceeds include €357 million (€368 million in 2019) related to the recovery of the cost share of right-of-use assets pertaining to partners of unincorporated joint operations operated by Eni. Other income and revenues with related parties are disclosed in note 36 – Transactions with related parties.

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v3.20.4

Costs | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Costs |
Costs | 29 Costs Purchase, services and other charges
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Production costs - raw, ancillary and consumable materials and goods |  | 21,432 |  | 36,272 |  | 41,125
Production costs - services |  | 9,710 |  | 11,589 |  | 10,625
Lease expense and other |  | 876 |  | 1,478 |  | 1,820
Net provisions for contingencies |  | 349 |  | 858 |  | 1,120
Other expenses |  | 1,317 |  | 879 |  | 1,130
|  | 33,684 |  | 51,076 |  | 55,820
less: |  |  |  |  |  |
- capitalized direct costs associated with self-constructed assets - tangible assets |  | (128) |  | (197) |  | (192)
- capitalized direct costs associated with self-constructed assets - intangible assets |  | (5) |  | (5) |  | (6)
|  | 33,551 |  | 50,874 |  | 55,622
Purchase, services and other charges included geological and geophysical costs of exploration activities for €196 million (€275 million and €287 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively). In 2018, the item included operating leases for €872 million. Costs incurred in connection with research and development activities expensed through profit and loss, as they did not meet the requirements to be recognized as long-lived assets, amounted to €157 million (€194 million and €197 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively). Royalties on the extraction rights of hydrocarbons amounted to €673 million (€1,183 million and €1,043 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively). Additions to provisions net of reversal of unused provisions mainly related to net additions for litigations amounting to €76 million (net additions of €60 million and €101 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively) and net reversals for environmental liabilities amounting to €15 million (net additions of €329 million and €266 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively). More information is provided in note 20 – Provisions. Net additions to provisions by segment are disclosed in note 35 – Segment information and information by geographical area. Information about leases is disclosed in note 12 – Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. Payroll and related costs
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Wages and salaries |  | 2,193 |  | 2,417 |  | 2,409
Social security contributions |  | 458 |  | 449 |  | 448
Cost related to employee benefit plans |  | 102 |  | 85 |  | 220
Other costs |  | 239 |  | 213 |  | 170
|  | 2,992 |  | 3,164 |  | 3,247
less: |  |  |  |  |  |
- capitalized direct costs associated with self-constructed assets - tangible assets |  | (118) |  | (152) |  | (142)
- capitalized direct costs associated with self-constructed assets - intangible assets |  | (11) |  | (16) |  | (12)
|  | 2,863 |  | 2,996 |  | 3,093
Other costs comprised provisions for redundancy incentives of €105 million (€45 million and €37 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively) and costs for defined contribution plans of €96 million (€99 million and €95 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively). Cost related to employee benefit plans are described in note 21 – Provisions for employee benefits. Costs with related parties are disclosed in note 36 – Transactions with related parties. Average number of employees The Group average number and breakdown of employees by category is reported below:
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
(number) |  | Subsidiaries |  | Joint operations |  | Subsidiaries |  | Joint operations |  | Subsidiaries |  | Joint operations
Senior managers |  | 993 |  | 17 |  | 1,014 |  | 16 |  | 999 |  | 17
Junior managers |  | 9,280 |  | 73 |  | 9,267 |  | 77 |  | 9,095 |  | 84
Employees |  | 15,995 |  | 349 |  | 15,945 |  | 361 |  | 16,220 |  | 361
Workers |  | 4,780 |  | 287 |  | 4,910 |  | 287 |  | 5,259 |  | 283
|  | 31,048 |  | 726 |  | 31,136 |  | 741 |  | 31,573 |  | 745
The average number of employees was calculated as the average between the number of employees at the beginning and the end of the period. The average number of senior managers included managers employed in foreign countries, whose position is comparable to a senior manager’s status. Long-term monetary incentive plan for the managers of Eni On April 13, 2017 and on May 13, 2020, the Shareholders Meeting approved the Long-Term Monetary Incentive Plan 2017-2019 and 2020-2022 and empowered the Board of Directors to execute the Plan by authorizing it to dispose up to a maximum of 11 million of treasury shares in service of the plan 2017-2019 and 20 million in service of the plan 2020-2022. The Long-Term Monetary Incentive plans provide for three annual awards (2017, 2018 and 2019 and 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively) and are intended for the Chief Executive Officer of Eni and for the managers of Eni and its subsidiaries who qualify as “senior managers deemed critical for the business”, selected among those who are in charge of tasks directly linked to the Group results or of strategic clout to the business. The Plans provide the granting of Eni shares for no consideration to eligible managers after a three-year vesting period under the condition that they would remain in office until vesting. Considering that these incentives fall within the category of employee compensation, in accordance with IFRS, the cost of the plans is determined based on the fair value of the financial instruments awarded to the beneficiaries and the number of shares that are granted at the end of the vesting period; the cost is accruing along the vesting period. With reference to the 2017-2019 Plan, the number of shares that will be granted at the end of the vesting period will depend: (i) for a 50%, on the market condition in terms of Total Shareholder Return (TSR) of the Eni share compared to the TSR of the FTSE Mib index of the Italian Stock Exchange Market, and to a group of Eni’s competitors (“Peer Group”)2 9 and the TSR of their corresponding stock exchange market 3 0; (ii) for a 50%, on the growth in the Net Present Value (NPV) of proved reserves benchmarked against the Peer Group. With reference to the 2020-2022 Plan, the number of shares that will be granted at the end of the vesting period will depend: (i) for 25% on a market objective measured as the difference between the Total Shareholder Return (TSR) of Eni Shares and the TSR of the FTSE Mib Index of Italian Stock Exchange on a three-year period, adjusted with Eni's correlation index, compared with similar differences for each company of the Eni's group of competitors (Peer Group); (ii) for 20% on a relative parameter represented by an industrial objective measured in terms of annual unit value ($/boe) of the Net Present Value of Proven Reserves (NPV) compared with the analogous value of each company in the Peer Group, with a final outcome equal to the average annual results over the three-year period; (iii) for 20% on an absolute parameter represented by an economic-financial objective measured as the Organic Free Cash Flow accumulated in the three-year reference period, compared to the equivalent accumulated value provided for in the first three years of the Strategic Plan approved by the Board of Directors in the year of award and kept unchanged during the performance period. The verification of CFC targets is conducted net of exogenous variables, using a gap-analysis approach approved by the Remuneration Committee, in order to assess the effective corporate performance deriving from the management action; (iv) for the remaining 35% on an environmental sustainability and energy transition objective in a three-year period consisting of three absolute objectives as follows: (a) for 15% to a decarbonisation objective measured in terms of CO2eq emissions related to Eni operated Upstream production (tCO2eq/kboe) at the end of the three-year period compared with the same value expected in the third year of the Strategic Plan approved by the Board of Directors in the year of award and kept unchanged during the performance period; (b) for 10% on an energy transition objective measured in megawatts (MW) of installed capacity of power generation from renewable sources, at the end of the three-year performance period, compared with the same value expected in the third year of the Strategic Plan approved by the Board of Directors in the year of award and kept unchanged in the performance period; (c) for 10% on a circular economy objective measured in terms of progress of three important biofuel projects at the end of the three-year performance period, compared with the progress expected in the third year of the Strategic Plan approved by the Board of Directors in the year of award and kept unchanged during the performance period. Depending on the performance of the parameters mentioned above, the number of shares that will vest after three years may range between 0% and 180% of the initial award. Furthermore, 50% of the shares that will eventually vest is subject to a lock-up clause of one year after the vesting date. The number of shares awarded at the grant date was: (i) 2,922,749 shares in 2020,with a weighted average fair value of €4.67 per share; (ii) 1,759,273 shares in 2019, with a weighted average fair value of €9.88 per share ; (iii) 1,517,975 shares in 2018, with a weighted average fair value of €11.73 per share. The estimation of the fair value was calculated by adopting specific valuation techniques regarding the different performance parameters provided by the plan (the stochastic method for the market condition of the plan and the Black-Scholes model for the component related to the NPV of the reserves, for the 2017-2019 Plan; the stochastic method for the 2020-2022 Plan), taking into account the fair value of the Eni share at the grant date (between €5.885 and €8.303 depending on the grant date in relation to the 2020 award; €13.714 per share in 2019; €14.246 per share in 2018), reduced by dividends expected along the vesting period (between 7.0% and 10.0% of the share price at vesting date in 2020; 6.1% of the share price at vesting date in 2019; 5.8% of the share price at vesting date in 2018), considering the volatility of the stock (between 41% and 44% in relation to the 2020 award; 19% for attribution 2019; 20% for attribution 2018), the forecasts for the performance parameters, as well as the lower value attributable to the shares considering the lock-up period at the end of the vesting period. In 2020, the costs related to the long-term monetary incentive plan, recognized as a component of the payroll cost, amounted to €7 million (€9 million in 2019; €5 million in 2018) with a contra-entry to equity reserves. Compensation of key management personnel Compensation, including contributions and collateral expenses, of personnel holding key positions in planning, directing and controlling the Eni Group subsidiaries, including executive and non-executive officers, general managers and managers with strategic responsibilities in office during the year consisted of the following:
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Wages and salaries |  | 30 |  | 28 |  | 27
Post-employment benefits |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | 2
Other long-term benefits |  | 12 |  | 12 |  | 10
Indemnities upon termination of employment |  | 21 |  | 12 |  |
|  | 65 |  | 54 |  | 39
Compensation of Directors and Statutory Auditors Compensation of Directors amounted to €7.54 million, €9.2 million and €9.6 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Compensation of Statutory Auditors amounted to €0.571 million, €0.613 million and €0.604 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Compensation included emoluments and social security benefits due for the office as Director or Statutory Auditor held at the parent company Eni SpA or other Group subsidiaries, which was recognized as a cost to the Group, even if not subject to personal income tax. 29 The group consists of the following oil companies:Apache, BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Equinor, ExxonMobil, Marathon Oil, Occidental, Royal Dutch Shell and Total. 30 The performance condition connected with the TSR in accordance with the international accounting standards represents a so-called market condition.

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v3.20.4

Finance income (expense) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Finance income (expense) |
Finance income (expense) | 30 Finance income (expense)
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Finance income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance income |  | 3,531 |  | 3,087 |  | 3,967
Finance expense |  | (4,958) |  | (4,079) |  | (4,663)
Net finance income (expense) from financial assets held for trading |  | 31 |  | 127 |  | 32
Income (expense) from derivative financial instruments |  | 351 |  | (14) |  | (307)
|  | (1,045) |  | (879) |  | (971)
The analysis of finance income (expense) was as follows:
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Finance income (expense) related to net borrowings |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and other finance expense on ordinary bonds |  | (517) |  | (618) |  | (565)
Net finance income (expense) on financial assets held for trading |  | 31 |  | 127 |  | 32
Interest and other expense due to banks and other financial institutions |  | (102) |  | (122) |  | (120)
Interest on lease liabilities |  | (347) |  | (378) |  |
Interest from banks |  | 10 |  | 21 |  | 18
Interest and other income on financial receivables and securities held for non-operating purpose |  | 12 |  | 8 |  | 8
|  | (913) |  | (962) |  | (627)
Exchange differences |  | (460) |  | 250 |  | 341
Income (expense) from derivative financial instruments |  | 351 |  | (14) |  | (307)
Other finance income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and other income on financing receivables and securities held for operating purposes |  | 97 |  | 112 |  | 132
Capitalized finance expense |  | 73 |  | 93 |  | 52
Finance expense due to the passage of time (accretion discount)(a) |  | (190) |  | (255) |  | (249)
Other finance income (expense) |  | (3) |  | (103) |  | (313)
|  | (23) |  | (153) |  | (378)
|  | (1,045) |  | (879) |  | (971)
(a) The item related to the increase in provisions for contingencies that are shown at present value in non-current liabilities. Information about leases is disclosed in note 12 — Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. The analysis of derivative financial income (expense) is disclosed in note 23 – Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting. Finance income (expense) with related parties are disclosed in note 36 — Transactions with related parties.

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v3.20.4

Income (expense) from investments | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Income (expense) from investments |
Income (expense) from investments | 31 Income (expense) from investments Share of profit (loss) of equity-accounted investments More information is provided in note 15 — Investments. Share of profit or loss of equity accounted investments by industry segment is disclosed in note 35 — Segment information and information by geographical area. Other gain (loss) from investments
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Dividends |  | 150 |  | 247 |  | 231
Net gain (loss) on disposals |  |  |  | 19 |  | 22
Other net income (expense) |  | (75) |  | 15 |  | 910
|  | 75 |  | 281 |  | 1,163
Dividend income primarily related to Nigeria LNG Ltd for €113 million and to Saudi European Petrochemical Co for €28 million (€186 million, €46 million in 2019 and €187 million and €35 million in 2018). In 2018, other net income included a gain of €889 million deriving from the business combination between Eni Norge AS and Point Resources AS, with the establishment of joint venture the Vår Energi AS, determined by the difference between the book value of the investment corresponding to the fair value of the combined net assets and the book value of the net assets sold.

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v3.20.4

Income taxes | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Income taxes |
Income taxes | 32 Income taxes
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Current taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |
- Italian subsidiaries |  | 199 |  | 347 |  | 301
- subsidiaries of the Exploration & Production segment - outside Italy |  | 1,517 |  | 4,729 |  | 4,906
- other subsidiaries - outside Italy |  | 84 |  | 152 |  | 163
|  | 1,800 |  | 5,228 |  | 5,370
Net deferred taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |
- Italian subsidiaries |  | 672 |  | 599 |  | 130
- subsidiaries of the Exploration & Production segment - outside Italy |  | 73 |  | (172) |  | 497
- other subsidiaries - outside Italy |  | 105 |  | (64) |  | (27)
|  | 850 |  | 363 |  | 600
|  | 2,650 |  | 5,591 |  | 5,970
Current income taxes payable by Italian subsidiaries referred to foreign taxes for €169 million. The reconciliation between the statutory tax charge calculated by applying the Italian statutory tax rate of 24% (same amount in 2019 and 2018) and the effective tax charge is the following:
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Profit (loss) before taxation |  | (5,978) |  | 5,746 |  | 10,107
Tax rate (IRES) (%) |  | 24.0 |  | 24.0 |  | 24.0
Statutory corporation tax charge (credit) on profit or loss |  | (1,435) |  | 1,379 |  | 2,426
Increase (decrease) resulting from: |  |  |  |  |  |
- higher tax charges related to subsidiaries outside Italy |  | 1,980 |  | 2,934 |  | 3,096
- impact pursuant to the write-down of deferred tax assets |  | 1,785 |  | 938 |  | 261
- impact pursuant to foreign tax effects of italian entities |  | 108 |  | 105 |  | 46
- Italian regional income tax (IRAP) |  | 107 |  | 25 |  | 50
- effect due to the tax regime provided for intercompany dividends |  | 96 |  | 65 |  | 47
- tax effects related to previous years |  | (30) |  | 147 |  | (24)
- other adjustments |  | 39 |  | (2) |  | 68
|  | 4,085 |  | 4,212 |  | 3,544
Effective tax charge |  | 2,650 |  | 5,591 |  | 5,970
The higher tax charges at non-Italian subsidiaries related to the Exploration & Production segment for €1,777 million (€2,934 million and €3,014 million in 2019 and in 2018, respectively). In 2020, the Group incurred income taxes, despite a pre-tax loss of €5,978 million, due to the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 having an enduring impact on the hydrocarbons demand and by the revision of the long-term prices and of future cash flows in Eni's activities. The lower projections of future taxable income had two impacts: the recognition of tax charges due to a write-down of deferred tax assets and a reduced capacity to recognize deferred taxes on the losses of the period.

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v3.20.4

Earnings (loss) per share | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Earnings (loss) per share |
Earnings (loss) per share | 33 Earnings (loss) per share Basic earnings (loss) per ordinary share are calculated by dividing net profit (loss) for the period attributable to Eni’s shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares issued and outstanding during the period, excluding treasury shares. Diluted earnings (loss) per share are calculated by dividing the net profit (loss) of the period attributable to Eni’s shareholders by the weighted average number of shares fully-diluted, excluding treasury shares, and including the number of potential shares to be issued in connection with stock-based compensation plans. As of December 31, 2020, the shares that could be potentially issued related the estimation of new shares that will vest in connection with the 2017-2019 and 2020–2022 long-term monetary incentive plans. Reconciliation of the weighted average number of shares used for the calculation for both basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share was as follows:
|  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Weighted average number of shares used for basic earnings (loss) per share |  |  |  | 3,572,549,651 |  | 3,592,249,603 |  | 3,601,140,133
Potential shares to be issued for ILT incentive plan |  |  |  | 6,465,718 |  | 2,251,406 |  | 2,782,584
Weighted average number of shares used for diluted earnings (loss) per share |  |  |  | 3,579,015,369 |  | 3,594,501,009 |  | 3,603,922,717
Eni’s net profit (loss) |  | (€ million) |  | (8,635) |  | 148 |  | 4,126
Basic earnings (loss) per share |  | (€ per share) |  | (2.42) |  | 0.04 |  | 1.15
Diluted earnings (loss) per share |  | (€ per share) |  | (2.42) |  | 0.04 |  | 1.15

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v3.20.4

Exploration for evaluation of oil&gas resources | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Exploration for evaluation of oil&gas resources |
Exploration for evaluation of oil&gas resources | 34 Exploration for evaluation of oil&gas resources
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenues related to exploration activity and evaluation |  |  |  | 34 |  | 17
Exploration activity and evaluation costs: |  |  |  |  |  |
- write-off of exploration and evaluation costs |  | 314 |  | 214 |  | 93
- costs of geological and geophysical studies |  | 196 |  | 275 |  | 287
Exploration expense for the year |  | 510 |  | 489 |  | 380
Intangible assets: proved and unproved exploration licence and leasehold property acquisition costs |  | 888 |  | 1,031 |  | 1,081
Tangible assets: capitalized exploration and evaluation costs |  | 1,341 |  | 1,563 |  | 1,267
Total tangible and intangible assets |  | 2,229 |  | 2,594 |  | 2,348
Provision for decommissioning related to exploration activity and evaluation |  | 93 |  | 109 |  | 77
Exploration expenditure (net cash used in investing activivties) |  | 283 |  | 586 |  | 463
Geological and geophysical costs (cash flow from operating activities) |  | 196 |  | 275 |  | 287
Total exploration effort |  | 479 |  | 861 |  | 750

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v3.20.4

Segment information and information by geographical area | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Segment information and information by geographical area |
Segment information and information by geographical area | 35 Segment information and information by geographic area Segment information Effective July 1, 2020, Eni’s management has redesigned the macro-organizational structure of the Group, in line with its new long-term strategy, disclosed in February 2020 to the market and aimed at transforming the Company into a leader in the production and marketing of decarbonized energy products. The new organization is based on two new General Departments:
| · |  | Natural Resources, to build up the value of Eni's oil&gas upstream portfolio, with the objective of reducing its carbon footprint by scaling up energy efficiency and expanding production in the natural gas business, and its position in the wholesale market. Furthermore, it will focus its actions on the development of carbon capture and compensation projects. The General Department will incorporate the Company's oil&gas exploration, development and production activities, natural gas wholesale via pipeline and LNG. In addition, it will include forests conservation (REDD+) and carbon storage projects. The company Eni Rewind (environmental activities), will also be consolidated in this General Department.
| · |  | Energy Evolution will focus on the evolution of the businesses of power generation, transformation and marketing of products from fossil to bio, blue and green. In particular, it will focus on growing power generation from renewable energy and biomethane, it will coordinate the bio and circular evolution of the Company's refining system and chemical business, and it will further develop Eni's retail portfolio, providing increasingly more decarbonized products for mobility, household consumption and small enterprises. The General Department will incorporate the activities of power generation from natural gas and renewables, the refining and chemicals businesses, Retail Gas&Power and mobility Marketing. The companies Versalis (chemical products) and Eni gas e luce will also be consolidated in this General Department.
In re-designing the Group’s segment information for financial reporting purposes, the management evaluated that the components of the Company whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CEO) to make decisions about the allocation of resources and to assess performances would continue being the single business units which are comprised in the two newly-established General Departments, rather than the two groups themselves. Therefore, in order to comply with the provisions of the international reporting standard that regulates the segment reporting (IFRS 8), the new reportable segments of Eni, substantially confirming the pre-existing setup, are identified as follows:
| · |  | Exploration & Production: research, development and production of oil, condensates and natural gas, forestry conservation (REDD+) and CO2 capture and storage projects.
| · |  | Global Gas & LNG Portfolio (GGP): supply and sale of wholesale natural gas by pipeline, international transport and purchase and marketing of LNG. It includes gas trading activities finalized to hedging and stabilizing the trade margins, as well as optimising the gas asset portfolio.
| · |  | Refining & Marketing and Chemicals: supply, processing, distribution and marketing of fuels and chemicals. The results of the Chemicals segment were aggregated with the Refining & Marketing performance in a single reportable segment, because these two operating segments have similar economic returns. It comprises the activities of trading oil and products with the aim to execute the transactions on the market in order to balance the supply and stabilize and cover the commercial margins.
| · |  | Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables: retail sales of gas, electricity and related services, production and wholesale sales of electricity from thermoelectric and renewable plants. It includes trading activities of CO2 emission certificates and forward sale of electricity with a view to hedging/optimising the margins of the electricity.
| · |  | Corporate and Other activities: includes the main business support functions, in particular holding, central treasury, IT, human resources, real estate services, captive insurance activities, research and development, new technologies, business digitalization and the environmental activity developed by the subsidiary Eni Rewind.
Segment information presented to the CEO (i.e. the Chief Operating Decision Maker, ex IFRS 8) includes: revenues, operating profit and directly attributable assets and liabilities. According to the requirements of the international accounting standards regarding segment information in the event of a reorganization of business segments, the segment information for the 2019 and 2018 comparative periods have been restated for homogeneous comparison as follows. As reported in 2019:
|  |  |  |  |  | Refining & |  | Corporate |  | Adjustments |  |
|  | Exploration & |  |  |  | Marketing |  | and Other |  | of intragroup |  |
(€ million) |  | Production |  | Gas & Power |  | and Chemicals |  | activities |  | profits |  | Total
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations including intersegment sales |  | 23,572 |  | 50,015 |  | 23,334 |  | 1,681 |  |  |  |
Less: intersegment sales |  | (13,073) |  | (11,855) |  | (2,317) |  | (1,476) |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 10,499 |  | 38,160 |  | 21,017 |  | 205 |  |  |  | 69,881
Operating profit |  | 7,417 |  | 699 |  | (854) |  | (710) |  | (120) |  | 6,432
Identifiable assets (a) |  | 68,915 |  | 9,176 |  | 12,336 |  | 1,860 |  | (492) |  | 91,795
Identifiable liabilities (a) |  | 20,164 |  | 7,852 |  | 4,599 |  | 3,927 |  | (141) |  | 36,401
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations including intersegment sales |  | 25,744 |  | 55,690 |  | 25,216 |  | 1,589 |  |  |  |
Less: intersegment sales |  | (15,801) |  | (12,581) |  | (2,622) |  | (1,413) |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 9,943 |  | 43,109 |  | 22,594 |  | 176 |  |  |  | 75,822
Operating profit |  | 10,214 |  | 629 |  | (380) |  | (691) |  | 211 |  | 9,983
Identifiable assets (a) |  | 63,051 |  | 9,989 |  | 11,692 |  | 1,171 |  | (420) |  | 85,483
Identifiable liabilities (a) |  | 18,110 |  | 8,314 |  | 4,319 |  | 4,072 |  | (275) |  | 34,540
| (a) |  | Include assets/liabilities directly associated with the generation of operating profit.
As restated:
|  |  |  |  |  | Refining & |  | Eni gas e |  | Corporate |  | Adjustments |  |
|  | Exploration & |  | Global Gas & |  | Marketing |  | luce, Power & |  | and Other |  | of intragroup |  |
(€ million) |  | Production |  | LNG Portfolio |  | and Chemicals |  | Renewables |  | activities |  | profits |  | Total
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations including intersegment sales |  | 23,572 |  | 11,779 |  | 42,360 |  | 8,448 |  | 1,676 |  |  |  |
Less: intersegment sales |  | (13,073) |  | (2,549) |  | (384) |  | (476) |  | (1,472) |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 10,499 |  | 9,230 |  | 41,976 |  | 7,972 |  | 204 |  |  |  | 69,881
Operating profit |  | 7,417 |  | 431 |  | (682) |  | 74 |  | (688) |  | (120) |  | 6,432
Identifiable assets (a) |  | 68,915 |  | 4,092 |  | 13,569 |  | 4,068 |  | 1,643 |  | (492) |  | 91,795
Identifiable liabilities (a) |  | 20,164 |  | 3,836 |  | 6,272 |  | 2,380 |  | 3,890 |  | (141) |  | 36,401
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations including intersegment sales |  | 25,744 |  | 14,807 |  | 46,483 |  | 8,218 |  | 1,588 |  |  |  |
Less: intersegment sales |  | (15,801) |  | (2,876) |  | (395) |  | (534) |  | (1,412) |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 9,943 |  | 11,931 |  | 46,088 |  | 7,684 |  | 176 |  |  |  | 75,822
Operating profit |  | 10,214 |  | 387 |  | (501) |  | 340 |  | (668) |  | 211 |  | 9,983
Identifiable assets (a) |  | 63,051 |  | 4,642 |  | 13,099 |  | 4,008 |  | 1,103 |  | (420) |  | 85,483
Identifiable liabilities (a) |  | 18,110 |  | 4,089 |  | 6,201 |  | 2,364 |  | 4,051 |  | (275) |  | 34,540
| (a) |  | Include assets/liabilities directly associated with the generation of operating profit.
Segment Information
|  |  |  |  |  | Refining & |  | Eni gas e luce |  | Corporate |  | Adjustments |  |
|  | Exploration & |  | Global Gas & |  | Marketing |  | Power & |  | and Other |  | of intragroup |  |
(€ million) |  | Production |  | LNG Portfolio |  | and Chemicals |  | Renewables |  | activities |  | profits |  | Tota l
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations including intersegment sales |  | 13,590 |  | 7,051 |  | 25,340 |  | 7,536 |  | 1,559 |  |  |  |
Less: intersegment sales |  | (7,231) |  | (1,689) |  | (403) |  | (401) |  | (1,365) |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 6,359 |  | 5,362 |  | 24,937 |  | 7,135 |  | 194 |  |  |  | 43,987
Operating profit |  | (610) |  | (332) |  | (2,463) |  | 660 |  | (563) |  | 33 |  | (3,275)
Net provisions for contingencies |  | 98 |  | 64 |  | 118 |  | (2) |  | 26 |  | 45 |  | 349
Depreciation and amortization |  | (6,273) |  | (125) |  | (575) |  | (217) |  | (146) |  | 32 |  | (7,304)
Impairments of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  | (2,170) |  | (2) |  | (1,605) |  | (56) |  | (22) |  |  |  | (3,855)
Reversals of tangible and intangible assets |  | 282 |  |  |  | 334 |  | 55 |  | 1 |  |  |  | 672
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets |  | (322) |  |  |  |  |  | (7) |  |  |  |  |  | (329)
Share of profit (loss) of equity-accounted investments |  | (980) |  | (15) |  | (363) |  | 6 |  | (381) |  |  |  | (1,733)
Identifiable assets (a) |  | 59,439 |  | 4,020 |  | 10,716 |  | 4,387 |  | 1,444 |  | (402) |  | 79,604
Unallocated assets (b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 30,044
Equity-accounted investments |  | 2,680 |  | 259 |  | 2,605 |  | 217 |  | 988 |  |  |  | 6,749
Identifiable liabilities (a) |  | 17,501 |  | 3,785 |  | 5,460 |  | 2,426 |  | 3,316 |  | (83) |  | 32,405
Unallocated liabilities (b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 39,750
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets |  | 3,472 |  | 11 |  | 771 |  | 293 |  | 107 |  | (10) |  | 4,644
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations including intersegment sales |  | 23,572 |  | 11,779 |  | 42,360 |  | 8,448 |  | 1,676 |  |  |  |
Less: intersegment sales |  | (13,073) |  | (2,549) |  | (384) |  | (476) |  | (1,472) |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 10,499 |  | 9,230 |  | 41,976 |  | 7,972 |  | 204 |  |  |  | 69,881
Operating profit |  | 7,417 |  | 431 |  | (682) |  | 74 |  | (688) |  | (120) |  | 6,432
Net provisions for contingencies |  | 97 |  | 234 |  | 276 |  | (5) |  | 307 |  | (51) |  | 858
Depreciation and amortization |  | (7,060) |  | (124) |  | (620) |  | (190) |  | (144) |  | 32 |  | (8,106)
Impairments of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  | (1,347) |  |  |  | (1,127) |  | (83) |  | (13) |  |  |  | (2,570)
Reversals of tangible and intangible assets |  | 130 |  | 5 |  | 205 |  | 41 |  | 1 |  |  |  | 382
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets |  | (292) |  |  |  | (6) |  | (1) |  | (1) |  |  |  | (300)
Share of profit (loss) of equity-accounted investments |  | 7 |  | (21) |  | (63) |  | 10 |  | (21) |  |  |  | (88)
Identifiable assets (a) |  | 68,915 |  | 4,092 |  | 13,569 |  | 4,068 |  | 1,643 |  | (492) |  | 91,795
Unallocated assets (b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31,645
Equity-accounted investments |  | 4,108 |  | 346 |  | 3,107 |  | 141 |  | 1,333 |  |  |  | 9,035
Identifiable liabilities (a) |  | 20,164 |  | 3,836 |  | 6,272 |  | 2,380 |  | 3,890 |  | (141) |  | 36,401
Unallocated liabilities (b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 39,139
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets |  | 6,996 |  | 15 |  | 933 |  | 357 |  | 89 |  | (14) |  | 8,376
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations including intersegment sales |  | 25,744 |  | 14,807 |  | 46,483 |  | 8,218 |  | 1,588 |  |  |  |
Less: intersegment sales |  | (15,801) |  | (2,876) |  | (395) |  | (534) |  | (1,412) |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 9,943 |  | 11,931 |  | 46,088 |  | 7,684 |  | 176 |  |  |  | 75,822
Operating profit |  | 10,214 |  | 387 |  | (501) |  | 340 |  | (668) |  | 211 |  | 9,983
Net provisions for contingencies |  | 235 |  | 53 |  | 274 |  |  |  | 579 |  | (21) |  | 1,120
Depreciation and amortization |  | (6,152) |  | (226) |  | (399) |  | (182) |  | (59) |  | 30 |  | (6,988)
Impairments of tangible and intangible assets |  | (1,025) |  | (6) |  | (193) |  | (50) |  | (18) |  |  |  | (1,292)
Reversals of tangible and intangible assets |  | 299 |  | 79 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  |  |  | 426
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets |  | (97) |  | (1) |  | (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (100)
Share of profit (loss) of equity-accounted investments |  | 158 |  | (2) |  | (67) |  | 11 |  | (168) |  |  |  | (68)
Identifiable assets (a) |  | 63,051 |  | 4,642 |  | 13,099 |  | 4,008 |  | 1,103 |  | (420) |  | 85,483
Unallocated assets (b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32,890
Equity-accounted investments |  | 4,972 |  | 355 |  | 275 |  | 139 |  | 1,303 |  |  |  | 7,044
Identifiable liabilities (a) |  | 18,110 |  | 4,089 |  | 6,201 |  | 2,364 |  | 4,051 |  | (275) |  | 34,540
Unallocated liabilities (b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32,760
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets |  | 7,901 |  | 26 |  | 877 |  | 238 |  | 94 |  | (17) |  | 9,119
| (a) |  | Include assets/liabilities directly associated with the generation of operating profit.
| (b) |  | Include assets/liabilities not directly associated with the generation of operating profit.
Financial information by geographical area Identifiable assets and investments by geographical area of origin
|  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | European |  | Rest of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |
(€ million) |  | Italy |  | Union |  | Europe |  | Americas |  | Asia |  | Africa |  | areas |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Identifiable assets(a) |  | 17,228 |  | 4,159 |  | 3,174 |  | 4,485 |  | 16,360 |  | 33,341 |  | 857 |  | 79,604
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets |  | 1,198 |  | 152 |  | 119 |  | 441 |  | 1,267 |  | 1,443 |  | 24 |  | 4,644
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Identifiable assets(a) |  | 19,346 |  | 7,237 |  | 1,151 |  | 5,230 |  | 17,898 |  | 40,021 |  | 912 |  | 91,795
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets |  | 1,402 |  | 306 |  | 9 |  | 1,017 |  | 1,685 |  | 3,902 |  | 55 |  | 8,376
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Identifiable assets(a) |  | 18,646 |  | 7,086 |  | 1,031 |  | 4,546 |  | 16,910 |  | 36,155 |  | 1,109 |  | 85,483
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets |  | 1,424 |  | 267 |  | 538 |  | 534 |  | 1,782 |  | 4,533 |  | 41 |  | 9,119
(a) Include assets directly associated with the generation of operating profit. Sales from operations by geographical area of destination
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Italy |  | 14,717 |  | 23,312 |  | 25,279
Other European Union |  | 9,508 |  | 18,567 |  | 20,408
Rest of Europe |  | 8,191 |  | 6,931 |  | 7,052
Americas |  | 2,426 |  | 3,842 |  | 5,051
Asia |  | 4,182 |  | 8,102 |  | 9,585
Africa |  | 4,842 |  | 8,998 |  | 8,246
Other areas |  | 121 |  | 129 |  | 201
|  | 43,987 |  | 69,881 |  | 75,822
Following the exit from the European Union in 2020, revenues relating to the United Kingdom of €4,410 million for 2020 are included in the geographical area “Rest of Europe” while €6,856 million for 2019 and €6,286 million for 2018 are included in the geographical area “European Union”.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for operating segments. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IFRS -Number 8 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Section Disclosure -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IFRS&num=8&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&doctype=Standard&dita_xref=IFRS08_g20-24_TI -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
Name: | ifrs-full_DisclosureOfEntitysReportableSegmentsExplanatory
Namespace Prefix: | ifrs-full_
Data Type: | nonnum:textBlockItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

v3.20.4

Transactions with related parties | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Transactions with related parties |
Transactions with related parties | 36 Transactions with related parties In the ordinary course of its business, Eni enters into transactions regarding:
| a) |  | Purchase/supply of goods and services and the provision of financing to joint ventures, associates and non-consolidated subsidiaries;
| b) |  | Purchase/supply of goods and services to entities controlled by the Italian Government;
| c) |  | Purchase/supply of goods and services to companies related to Eni SpA through members of the Board of Directors. Most of these transactions are exempt from the application of the Eni internal procedure “Transactions involving interests of Directors and Statutory Auditors and transactions with related parties” pursuant to the Consob Regulation, since they relate to ordinary transactions conducted at market or standard conditions, or because they fall below the materiality threshold provided for by the procedure. The solely non-exempted transactions, that were positively examined and valued in application of the procedure, concerned: (i) the revision of a service contract connected to network infrastructures with Vodafone Italia SpA; (ii) the renewal of a contract for the development of editorial content of World Energy magazine with Istituto Affari Internazionali. Both the counterparts are related to Eni SpA through two members of the Board of Directors;
| d) |  | contributions to non-profit entities correlated to Eni with the aim to develop solidarity, culture and research initiatives. In particular these related to: (i) Eni Foundation, established by Eni as a non-profit entity with the aim of pursuing exclusively solidarity initiatives in the fields of social assistance, health, education, culture and environment, as well as scientific and technological research; and (ii) Eni Enrico Mattei Foundation, established by Eni with the aim of enhancing, through studies, research and training initiatives, knowledge enrichment in the fields of economics, energy and environment, both at the national and international level.
Transactions with related parties were conducted in the interest of Eni companies and, with exception of those with entities whose aim is to develop charitable, cultural and research initiatives, are related to the ordinary course of Eni’s business. Transactions and balances with related parties
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | 2020
|  | Receivables |  | Payables |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(€ million) |  | and other |  | and other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other operating
Name |  | assets |  | liabilities |  | Guarantees |  | Revenues |  | Costs |  | (expense) income
Joint ventures and associates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agiba Petroleum Co |  | 6 |  | 52 |  |  |  |  |  | 201 |  |
Angola LNG Supply Services Llc |  |  |  |  |  | 165 |  |  |  |  |  |
Coral FLNG SA |  | 6 |  |  |  | 1,079 |  | 49 |  |  |  |
Gas Distribution Company of Thessaloniki - Thessaly SA |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  |  | 52 |  |
Saipem Group |  | 87 |  | 254 |  | 509 |  | 18 |  | 350 |  |
Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV |  | 25 |  | 141 |  |  |  |  |  | 816 |  |
Mellitah Oil & Gas BV |  | 54 |  | 250 |  |  |  | 2 |  | 156 |  |
Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co |  | 65 |  | 467 |  |  |  |  |  | 556 |  |
Societa Oleodotti Meridionali SpA |  | 3 |  | 399 |  |  |  | 20 |  | 15 |  |
Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA |  | 48 |  |  |  |  |  | 57 |  |  |  |
Unión Fenosa Gas SA |  | 11 |  | 4 |  | 57 |  | 9 |  |  |  | (3)
Vår Energi AS |  | 39 |  | 190 |  | 456 |  | 85 |  | 1,126 |  | (118)
Other (*) |  | 72 |  | 24 |  | 1 |  | 66 |  | 167 |  |
|  | 416 |  | 1,794 |  | 2,267 |  | 306 |  | 3,439 |  | (121)
Unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni BTC Ltd |  |  |  |  |  | 165 |  |  |  |  |  |
Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico - ISAF SpA (in liquidation) |  | 112 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 11 |  |  |  |
Other |  | 5 |  | 23 |  | 10 |  | 4 |  | 9 |  |
|  | 117 |  | 24 |  | 176 |  | 15 |  | 9 |  |
|  | 533 |  | 1,818 |  | 2,443 |  | 321 |  | 3,448 |  | (121)
Entities controlled by the Government |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Enel Group |  | 104 |  | 165 |  |  |  | 51 |  | 551 |  | 86
Italgas Group |  | 1 |  | 177 |  |  |  | 3 |  | 714 |  |
Snam Group |  | 189 |  | 211 |  |  |  | 45 |  | 1,012 |  |
Terna Group |  | 46 |  | 62 |  |  |  | 152 |  | 225 |  | 8
GSE - Gestore Servizi Energetici |  | 52 |  | 37 |  |  |  | 586 |  | 309 |  | 40
Other (*) |  | 8 |  | 49 |  |  |  | 20 |  | 63 |  |
|  | 400 |  | 701 |  |  |  | 857 |  | 2,874 |  | 134
Other related parties |  | 1 |  | 4 |  |  |  | 2 |  | 53 |  |
Groupement Sonatrach - Agip «GSA» and Organe Conjoint des Opérations «OC SH/FCP» |  | 87 |  | 52 |  |  |  | 19 |  | 262 |  |
|  | 1,021 |  | 2,575 |  | 2,443 |  | 1,199 |  | 6,637 |  | 13
(*)Each individual amount included herein was lower than €50 million.
|  | December 31, 2019 |  | 2019
|  | Receivables |  | Payables |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(€ million) |  | and other |  | and other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other operating
Name |  | assets |  | liabilities |  | Guarantees |  | Revenues |  | Costs |  | (expense) income
Joint ventures and associates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agiba Petroleum Co |  | 3 |  | 71 |  |  |  |  |  | 229 |  |
Angola LNG Supply Services Llc |  |  |  |  |  | 181 |  |  |  |  |  |
Coral FLNG SA |  | 15 |  |  |  | 1,168 |  | 71 |  |  |  |
Gas Distribution Company of Thessaloniki - Thessaly SA |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  |  | 53 |  |
Saipem Group |  | 75 |  | 227 |  | 510 |  | 27 |  | 503 |  |
Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV |  | 33 |  | 198 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 1,134 |  |
Mellitah Oil & Gas BV |  | 57 |  | 171 |  |  |  | 3 |  | 365 |  |
Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co |  | 50 |  | 1,130 |  |  |  | 7 |  | 1,590 |  |
Unión Fenosa Gas SA |  | 8 |  | 1 |  | 57 |  | 1 |  | 6 |  | 63
Vår Energi AS |  | 32 |  | 143 |  | 482 |  | 63 |  | 1,481 |  | (64)
Other (*) |  | 106 |  | 29 |  | 1 |  | 112 |  | 87 |  |
|  | 379 |  | 1,983 |  | 2,399 |  | 285 |  | 5,448 |  | (1)
Unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni BTC Ltd |  |  |  |  |  | 180 |  |  |  |  |  |
Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico - ISAF SpA (in liquidation) |  | 101 |  | 1 |  | 3 |  | 14 |  |  |  |
Other |  | 5 |  | 25 |  | 14 |  | 6 |  | 18 |  |
|  | 106 |  | 26 |  | 197 |  | 20 |  | 18 |  |
|  | 485 |  | 2,009 |  | 2,596 |  | 305 |  | 5,466 |  | (1)
Entities controlled by the Government |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Enel Group |  | 185 |  | 284 |  |  |  | 105 |  | 602 |  | (8)
Italgas Group |  | 3 |  | 154 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 677 |  |
Snam Group |  | 278 |  | 229 |  |  |  | 71 |  | 1,208 |  |
Terna Group |  | 40 |  | 45 |  |  |  | 171 |  | 223 |  | 17
GSE - Gestore Servizi Energetici |  | 26 |  | 24 |  |  |  | 549 |  | 468 |  | 11
Other |  | 10 |  | 19 |  |  |  | 12 |  | 35 |  |
|  | 542 |  | 755 |  |  |  | 909 |  | 3,213 |  | 20
Other related parties |  | 2 |  | 3 |  |  |  | 5 |  | 37 |  |
Groupement Sonatrach - Agip «GSA» and Organe Conjoint des Opérations «OC SH/FCP» |  | 75 |  | 74 |  |  |  | 33 |  | 457 |  |
|  | 1,104 |  | 2,841 |  | 2,596 |  | 1,252 |  | 9,173 |  | 19
Each individual amount included herein was lower than €50 million.
|  | December 31, 2018 |  | 2018
|  | Receivables |  | Payables |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(€ million) |  | and other |  | and other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other operating
Name |  | assets |  | liabilities |  | Guarantees |  | Revenues |  | Costs |  | (expense) income
Joint ventures and associates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agiba Petroleum Co |  | 1 |  | 96 |  |  |  |  |  | 156 |  |
Angola LNG Supply Services Llc |  |  |  |  |  | 177 |  |  |  |  |  |
Coral FLNG SA |  | 14 |  |  |  | 1,147 |  | 62 |  |  |  |
Gas Distribution Company of Thessaloniki - Thessaly SA |  | 1 |  | 18 |  |  |  |  |  | 51 |  |
Saipem Group |  | 75 |  | 171 |  | 793 |  | 30 |  | 420 |  |
Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV |  | 27 |  | 134 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 998 |  |
Mellitah Oil & Gas BV |  | 1 |  | 268 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 502 |  |
Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co |  | 56 |  | 2,029 |  |  |  | 7 |  | 2,282 |  |
Unión Fenosa Gas SA |  | 4 |  | 7 |  | 57 |  | 123 |  |  |  | 37
Vår Energi AS |  | 13 |  | 100 |  | 218 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other(*) |  | 44 |  | 25 |  |  |  | 111 |  | 104 |  | (26)
|  | 236 |  | 2,848 |  | 2,392 |  | 335 |  | 4,513 |  | 11
Unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni BTC Ltd |  |  |  |  |  | 177 |  |  |  |  |  |
Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico - ISAF SpA (in liquidation) |  | 87 |  | 1 |  | 5 |  | 11 |  |  |  |
Other |  | 6 |  | 23 |  | 14 |  | 7 |  | 13 |  |
|  | 93 |  | 24 |  | 196 |  | 18 |  | 13 |  |
|  | 329 |  | 2,872 |  | 2,588 |  | 353 |  | 4,526 |  | 11
Entities controlled by the Government |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Enel Group |  | 134 |  | 151 |  |  |  | 118 |  | 514 |  | 227
Italgas Group |  | 5 |  | 146 |  |  |  | 23 |  | 667 |  |
Snam Group |  | 237 |  | 289 |  |  |  | 109 |  | 1,184 |  | (1)
Terna Group |  | 26 |  | 47 |  |  |  | 150 |  | 231 |  | 8
GSE - Gestore Servizi Energetici |  | 67 |  | 85 |  |  |  | 555 |  | 588 |  | 74
Other |  | 25 |  | 18 |  |  |  | 45 |  | 34 |  |
|  | 494 |  | 736 |  |  |  | 1,000 |  | 3,218 |  | 308
Other related parties |  | 1 |  | 2 |  |  |  | 4 |  | 32 |  |
Groupement Sonatrach - Agip «GSA» and Organe Conjoint des Opérations «OC SH/FCP» |  | 40 |  | 140 |  |  |  | 34 |  | 229 |  |
|  | 864 |  | 3,750 |  | 2,588 |  | 1,391 |  | 8,005 |  | 319
(*) Each individual amount included herein was lower than €50 million. The most significant transactions with joint ventures, associates and unconsolidated subsidiaries concerned:
| · |  | Eni’s share of expenses incurred to develop oil fields from Agiba Petroleum Co, Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV, Mellitah Oil & Gas BV, Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co, Groupement Sonatrach - Agip «GSA», Organe Conjoint des Opérations «OC SH/FCP» and, only for Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV, purchase of crude oil by Eni Trading & Shipping SpA; services charged to Eni’s associates are invoiced on the basis of incurred costs;
| · |  | a guarantee issued on behalf of Angola LNG Supply Services Llc to cover the commitments relating to the payment of the regasification fee;
| · |  | supply of upstream specialist services and a guarantee issued on a pro-quota basis granted to Coral FLNG SA on behalf of the Consortium TJS for the contractual obligations assumed following the award of the EPCIC contract for the construction of a floating gas liquefaction plant (for more information see note 27 - Guarantees, commitments and risks);
| · |  | the acquisition of transport and distribution services from the Gas Distribution Company of Thessaloniki - Thessaly SA;
| · |  | engineering, construction and drilling services by Saipem Group mainly for the Exploration & Production segment and residual guarantees issued by Eni SpA relating to bid bonds and performance bonds;
| · |  | advances received from Società Oleodotti Meridinali SpA for the infrastructure upgrade of the crude oil transport system at the Taranto refinery;
| · |  | the sale of gas to Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA;
| · |  | a performance guarantee given on behalf of Unión Fenosa Gas SA in relation to contractual commitments related to the results of operations, sale of gas and fair value of derivative financial instruments;
| · |  | guarantees issued in compliance with contractual agreements in the interest of Vår Energi AS, the supply of upstream specialist services, the purchase of crude oil, condensates and the realized part of the forward contracts for the purchase of gas;
| · |  | a guarantee issued in relation to the construction of an oil pipeline on behalf of Eni BTC Ltd; and
| · |  | services for environmental restoration to Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico - ISAF SpA (in liquidation).
The most significant transactions with entities controlled by the Italian Government concerned:
| · |  | sale of fuel, sale and purchase of gas, acquisition of power distribution services and fair value of derivative financial instruments with Enel Group;
| · |  | acquisition of natural gas transportation, distribution and storage services with Snam Group and Italgas Group on the basis of the tariffs set by the Italian Regulatory Authority for Energy, Networks and Environment and purchase and sale with Snam Group of natural gas for granting the system balancing on the basis of prices referred to the quotations of the main energy commodities;
| · |  | acquisition of domestic electricity transmission service and sale and purchase of electricity for granting the system balancing based on prices referred to the quotations of the main energy commodities, and derivatives on commodities entered to hedge the price risk related to the utilization of transport capacity rights with Terna Group;
| · |  | sale and purchase of electricity, gas, environmental certificates, fair value of derivative financial instruments, sale of oil products and storage capacity with GSE - Gestore Servizi Energetici for the setting-up of a specific stock held by the Organismo Centrale di Stoccaggio Italiano (OCSIT) according to the Legislative Decree No. 249/2012; the contribution to cover the charges deriving from the performance of OCSIT functions and activities and the contribution paid to GSE for the use of biomethane and other advanced biofuels in the transport sector.
Transactions with other related parties concerned:
| · |  | provisions to pension funds managed by Eni of €40 million; and
| · |  | contributions and service provisions to Eni Enrico Mattei Foundation for €5 million and to Eni Foundation for €1 million.
Financing transactions and balances with related parties
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | 2020
Name |  | Receivables |  | Payables |  | Guarantees |  | Gains |  | Charges
Joint ventures and associates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Angola LNG Ltd |  |  |  |  |  | 228 |  |  |  |
Cardón IV SA |  | 383 |  |  |  |  |  | 57 |  |
Coral FLNG SA |  | 288 |  |  |  |  |  | 22 |  | 1
Coral South FLNG DMCC |  |  |  |  |  | 1,304 |  |  |  |
Saipem Group |  | 2 |  | 167 |  |  |  |  |  | 6
Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA |  | 83 |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |
Other |  | 15 |  | 12 |  | 1 |  | 27 |  | 18
|  | 771 |  | 179 |  | 1,533 |  | 113 |  | 25
Unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 36 |  | 28 |  |  |  | 1 |  |
|  | 36 |  | 28 |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Entities controlled by the Government |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  |  |  | 1
|  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  |  |  | 1
|  | 807 |  | 218 |  | 1,533 |  | 114 |  | 26
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2019 |  | 2019
Name |  | Receivables |  | Payables |  | Guarantees |  | Gains |  | Charges
Joint ventures and associates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Angola LNG Ltd |  |  |  |  |  | 249 |  |  |  |
Cardón IV SA |  | 563 |  | 5 |  |  |  | 77 |  |
Coral FLNG SA |  | 253 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2
Coral South FLNG DMCC |  |  |  |  |  | 1,425 |  |  |  |
Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA |  | 85 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20
Other |  | 18 |  | 14 |  | 2 |  | 18 |  | 14
|  | 919 |  | 19 |  | 1,676 |  | 95 |  | 36
Unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 48 |  | 28 |  |  |  | 1 |  |
|  | 48 |  | 28 |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Entities controlled by the Government |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 4 |  | 12 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 4 |  | 12 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 971 |  | 59 |  | 1,676 |  | 96 |  | 36
|  | December 31, 2018 |  | 2018
(€ million) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Name |  | Receivables |  | Payables |  | Guarantees |  | Gains |  | Charges
Joint ventures and associates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Angola LNG Ltd |  |  |  |  |  | 245 |  |  |  |
Cardón IV SA |  | 705 |  | 36 |  |  |  | 95 |  |
Coral FLNG SA |  | 108 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Coral South FLNG DMCC |  |  |  |  |  | 1,397 |  |  |  |
Shatskmorneftegaz Sàrl |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 267
Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA |  | 64 |  | 30 |  |  |  |  |  | 5
Vår Energi AS |  |  |  | 494 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 38 |  | 4 |  | 22 |  | 13 |  | 9
|  | 915 |  | 564 |  | 1,664 |  | 115 |  | 281
Unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 49 |  | 25 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 49 |  | 25 |  |  |  |  |  |
Entities controlled by the Government |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Enel Group |  |  |  | 64 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  |  |  | 2
|  |  |  | 72 |  |  |  |  |  | 2
|  | 964 |  | 661 |  | 1,664 |  | 115 |  | 283
The most significant transactions with joint ventures, associates and unconsolidated subsidiaries concerned:
| · |  | bank debt guarantees issued on behalf of Angola LNG Ltd;
| · |  | the financing loan granted to Cardón IV SA for the exploration and development activities of a gas field in Venezuela;
| · |  | the financing loan granted to Coral FLNG SA for the construction of a floating gas liquefaction plant in Area 4 offshore Mozambique (for more information see note 27 - Guarantees, commitments and risks);
| · |  | a bank debt guarantee issued on behalf of Coral South FLNG DMCC as part of the project financing of the Coral FLNG development project (for more information see note 27 - Guarantees, commitments and risks);
| · |  | lease liabilities towards the Saipem group relating to multi-year contracts for the use of drilling equipment;
| · |  | the loan granted to Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA for the construction of a power plant in Congo.
Impact of transactions and positions with related parties on the balance sheet, profit and loss account and statement of cash flows The impact of transactions and positions with related parties on the balance sheet accounts consisted of the following:
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  |  |  | Related |  |  |  |  |  | Related |  |
(€ million) |  | Total |  | parties |  | Impact % |  | Total |  | parties |  | Impact %
Other current financial assets |  | 254 |  | 41 |  | 16.14 |  | 384 |  | 60 |  | 15.63
Trade and other receivables |  | 10,926 |  | 802 |  | 7.34 |  | 12,873 |  | 704 |  | 5.47
Other current assets |  | 2,686 |  | 145 |  | 5.40 |  | 3,972 |  | 219 |  | 5.51
Other non-current financial assets |  | 1,008 |  | 766 |  | 75.99 |  | 1,174 |  | 911 |  | 77.60
Other non-current assets |  | 1,253 |  | 74 |  | 5.91 |  | 871 |  | 181 |  | 20.78
Short-term debt |  | 2,882 |  | 52 |  | 1.80 |  | 2,452 |  | 46 |  | 1.88
Current portion of long-term lease liabilities |  | 849 |  | 54 |  | 6.36 |  | 889 |  | 5 |  | 0.56
Trade and other payables |  | 12,936 |  | 2,100 |  | 16.23 |  | 15,545 |  | 2,663 |  | 17.13
Other current liabilities |  | 4,872 |  | 452 |  | 9.28 |  | 7,146 |  | 155 |  | 2.17
Non-current lease liabilities |  | 4,169 |  | 112 |  | 2.69 |  | 4,759 |  | 8 |  | 0.17
Other non-current liabilities |  | 1,877 |  | 23 |  | 1.23 |  | 1,611 |  | 23 |  | 1.43
The impact of transactions with related parties on the profit and loss accounts consisted of the following:
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
|  |  |  | Related |  |  |  |  |  | Related |  |  |  |  |  | Related |  |
(€ million) |  | Total |  | parties |  | Impact % |  | Total |  | parties |  | Impact % |  | Total |  | parties |  | Impact %
Sales from operations |  | 43,987 |  | 1,164 |  | 2.65 |  | 69,881 |  | 1,248 |  | 1.79 |  | 75,822 |  | 1,383 |  | 1.82
Other income and revenues |  | 960 |  | 35 |  | 3.65 |  | 1,160 |  | 4 |  | 0.34 |  | 1,116 |  | 8 |  | 0.72
Purchases, services and other |  | (33,551) |  | (6,595) |  | 19.66 |  | (50,874) |  | (9,173) |  | 18.03 |  | (55,622) |  | (8,009) |  | 14.40
Net (impairment losses) reversals of trade and other receivables |  | (226) |  | (6) |  | 2.65 |  | (432) |  | 28 |  | — |  | (415) |  | 26 |  | —
Payroll and related costs |  | (2,863) |  | (36) |  | 1.26 |  | (2,996) |  | (28) |  | 0.93 |  | (3,093) |  | (22) |  | 0.71
Other operating income (expense) |  | (766) |  | 13 |  | — |  | 287 |  | 19 |  | 6.62 |  | 129 |  | 319 |  | —
Finance income |  | 3,531 |  | 114 |  | 3.23 |  | 3,087 |  | 96 |  | 3.11 |  | 3,967 |  | 115 |  | 2.90
Finance expense |  | (4,958) |  | (26) |  | 0.52 |  | (4,079) |  | (36) |  | 0.88 |  | (4,663) |  | (283) |  | 6.07
Main cash flows with related parties are provided below:
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenues and other income |  | 1,199 |  | 1,252 |  | 1,391
Costs and other expenses |  | (5,789) |  | (6,869) |  | (5,210)
Other operating (expense) income |  | 13 |  | 19 |  | 319
Net change in trade and other receivables and payables |  | (136) |  | (839) |  | 683
Net interests |  | 73 |  | 81 |  | 110
Net cash provided from operating activities |  | (4,640) |  | (6,356) |  | (2,707)
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets |  | (842) |  | (2,332) |  | (2,768)
Net change in accounts payable and receivable in relation to investments |  | (370) |  | (339) |  | 20
Change in financial receivables |  | (160) |  | (241) |  | (566)
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (1,372) |  | (2,912) |  | (3,314)
Change in financial and lease liabilities |  | 164 |  | (817) |  | 16
Net cash used in financing activities |  | 164 |  | (817) |  | 16
Total financial flows to related parties |  | (5,848) |  | (10,085) |  | (6,005)
The impact of cash flows with related parties consisted of the following:
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
|  |  |  | Related |  |  |  |  |  | Related |  |  |  |  |  | Related |  |
(€ million) |  | Total |  | parties |  | Impact % |  | Total |  | parties |  | Impact % |  | Total |  | parties |  | Impact %
Net cash provided from operating activities |  | 4,822 |  | (4,640) |  | — |  | 12,392 |  | (6,356) |  | — |  | 13,647 |  | (2,707) |  | —
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (4,587) |  | (1,372) |  | 29.91 |  | (11,413) |  | (2,912) |  | 25.51 |  | (7,536) |  | (3,314) |  | 43.98
Net cash used in financing activities |  | 3,253 |  | 164 |  | 5.04 |  | (5,841) |  | (817) |  | 13.99 |  | (2,637) |  | 16 |  | —

X
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- Definition The disclosure of transactions between the entity and its related parties. [Refer: Related parties [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 24 -IssueDate 2020-01-01 -Paragraph 18 -URI http://eifrs.ifrs.org/eifrs/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=24&code=ifrs-tx-2020-en-r&anchor=para_18&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2020-01-01 + Details
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v3.20.4

Other information about investments | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Other information about investments |
Other information about investments | 37 Other information about investments Information on Eni’s investments as of December 31, 2020 The following section provides information about Eni’s subsidiaries, joint arrangements, associates and other significant investments as of December 31, 2020. Unless otherwise indicated, share capital is represented by ordinary shares directly held by the Group, while ownership interest corresponds to voting rights. Parent company
|  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  |
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership
Eni SpA(#) |  | Rome |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 4,005,358,876 |  | Cassa Depositi e Prestiti SpA |  | 25.96
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ministero dell’Economia e delle Finanze |  | 4.37
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni SpA |  | 0.92
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other shareholders |  | 68.75
Subsidiaries Exploration & Production
Company name |  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
In Italy |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Eni Angola SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Angola |  | EUR |  | 20,200,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Mediterranea Idrocarburi SpA |  | Gela (CL) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 5,200,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Mozambico SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Mozambique |  | EUR |  | 200,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Timor Leste SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | East Timor |  | EUR |  | 4,386,849 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni West Africa SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Angola |  | EUR |  | 10,000,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Floaters SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 200,120,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Ieoc SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Egypt |  | EUR |  | 7,518,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Società Petrolifera Italiana SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 8,034,400 |  | Eni SpA |  | 99.96 |  | 99.96 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 0.04 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (#) Company with shares quoted in the regulated market of Italy or of other EU countries
Company name |  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  |  |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Outside Italy |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Agip Caspian Sea BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Kazakhstan |  | EUR |  | 20,005 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Agip Energy and Natural Resources (Nigeria) Ltd |  | Abuja (Nigeria) |  | Nigeria |  | NGN |  | 5,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 95.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 5.00 |  |  |  |
Agip Karachaganak BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Kazakhstan |  | EUR |  | 20,005 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Burren Energy (Bermuda) Ltd (1) |  | Hamilton (Bermuda) |  | United Kingdom |  | USD |  | 12,002 |  | Burren Energy Plc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Burren Energy (Egypt) Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Egypt |  | GBP |  | 2 |  | Burren Energy Plc |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Burren Energy Congo Ltd |  | Tortola (British Virgin Islands) |  | Republic of the Congo |  | USD |  | 50,000 |  | Burren En.(Berm)Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Burren Energy India Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 2 |  | Burren Energy Plc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Burren Energy Plc |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 28,819,023 |  | Eni UK Holding Plc |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Burren Shakti Ltd (2) |  | Hamilton (Bermuda) |  | United Kingdom |  | USD |  | 213,138 |  | Burren En. India Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Abu Dhabi BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | United Arab Emirates |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni AEP Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Pakistan |  | GBP |  | 471,000 |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Albania BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Algeria Exploration BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Algeria |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Algeria Ltd Sàrl |  | Luxembourg (Luxembourg) |  | Algeria |  | USD |  | 20,000 |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Algeria Production BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Algeria |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Ambalat Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni America Ltd |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 72,000 |  | Eni UHL Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Angola Exploration BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Angola |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Angola Production BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Angola |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Argentina Exploración y Explotación SA |  | Buenos Aires (Argentina) |  | Argentina |  | ARS |  | 205,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 95.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 5.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value
|  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Eni Arguni I Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Australia BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Australia |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Australia Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Australia |  | GBP |  | 20,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Bahrain BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Bahrain |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni BB Petroleum Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 1,000 |  | Eni Petroleum Co Inc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni BTC Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni Bukat Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Canada Holding Ltd |  | Calgary (Canada) |  | Canada |  | USD |  | 1,453,200,001 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni CBM Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | USD |  | 2,210,728 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni China BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | China |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Congo SA |  | Pointe - Noire (Republic of the Congo) |  | Republic of the Congo |  | USD |  | 17,000,000 |  | Eni E&P Holding BV |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Int. NA NV Sàrl |  | (..) |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni International BV |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni Côte d’Ivoire Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Ivory Coast |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Cyprus Ltd |  | Nicosia (Cyprus) |  | Cyprus |  | EUR |  | 2,007 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Denmark BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Greenland |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni do Brasil Investimentos em Exploração e Produção de Petróleo Ltda |  | Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) |  | Brazil |  | BRL |  | 1,593,415,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.99 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni East Ganal Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni East Sepinggan Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Elgin/ Franklin Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 100 |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Energy Russia BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Exploration & Production Holding BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 29,832,777.12 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Gabon SA |  | Libreville (Gabon) |  | Gabon |  | XAF |  | 4,000,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Ganal Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 2 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value
|  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Eni Gas & Power LNG Australia BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Australia |  | EUR |  | 1,013,439 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Ghana Exploration and Production Ltd |  | Accra (Ghana) |  | Ghana |  | GHS |  | 21,412,500 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Hewett Ltd |  | Aberdeen (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 3,036,000 |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Hydrocarbons Venezuela Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Venezuela |  | GBP |  | 8,050,500 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni India Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | India |  | GBP |  | 44,000,000 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 100 |  | Eni ULX Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Indonesia Ots 1 Ltd |  | Grand Cayman (Cayman Islands) |  | Indonesia |  | USD |  | 1.01 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni International NA NV Sàrl |  | Luxembourg (Luxembourg) |  | United Kingdom |  | USD |  | 25,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Investments Plc |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 750,050,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni Iran BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Iran |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni Iraq BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Iraq |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Ireland BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Ireland |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Isatay BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Kazakhstan |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni JPDA 03‑13 Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Australia |  | GBP |  | 250,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni JPDA 06‑105 Pty Ltd |  | Perth (Australia) |  | Australia |  | AUD |  | 80,830,576 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni JPDA 11‑106 BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Australia |  | EUR |  | 50,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Kenya BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Kenya |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Krueng Mane Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 2 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Lasmo Plc |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 337,638,724.25 |  | Eni Investments Plc |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni Lebanon BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Lebanon |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Liverpool Bay Operating Co Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni LNS Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Marketing Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 1,000 |  | Eni Petroleum Co Inc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Maroc BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Morocco |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value
|  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Eni Mexico S. de RL de CV |  | Lomas De Chapultepec, Mexico City (México) |  | Mexico |  | MXN |  | 3,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.90 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 0.10 |  |  |  |
Eni Middle East Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni ULT Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni MOG Ltd (in liquidation) |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 0 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni LNS Ltd |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni Montenegro BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Republic of Montenegro |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Mozambique Engineering Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Mozambique LNG Holding BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Muara Bakau BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Indonesia |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Myanmar BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Myanmar |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni North Africa BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Libya |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni North Ganal Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Oil & Gas Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 100,800 |  | Eni America Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Oil Algeria Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Algeria |  | GBP |  | 1,000 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 450,000 |  | Eni ULX Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Oman BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Oman |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Pakistan Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Pakistan |  | GBP |  | 90,087 |  | Eni ULX Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Pakistan (M) Ltd Sàrl |  | Luxembourg (Luxembourg) |  | Pakistan |  | USD |  | 20,000 |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Petroleum Co Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 156,600,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 63.86 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni International BV |  | 36.14 |  |  |  |
Eni Petroleum US Llc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 1,000 |  | Eni BB Petroleum Inc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Portugal BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Portugal |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni RAK BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | United Arab Emirates |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Rapak Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 2 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni RD Congo SA |  | Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo) |  | Democratic Republic of the Congo |  | CDF |  | 750,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.99 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni Rovuma Basin BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Mozambique |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni Mozambique LNG H. BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Sharjah BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | United Arab Emirates |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni South Africa BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Republic of South Africa |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value
|  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Eni South China Sea Ltd Sàrl |  | Luxembourg (Luxembourg) |  | China |  | USD |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni TNS Ltd |  | Aberdeen (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 1,000 |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Tunisia BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Tunisia |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Turkmenistan Ltd |  | Hamilton (Bermuda) |  | Turkmenistan |  | USD |  | 20,000 |  | Burren En.(Berm)Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni UHL Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni ULT Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni UK Holding Plc |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 424,050,000 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni UK Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 50,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni UKCS Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 100 |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Ukraine Holdings BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Ukraine Llc |  | Kiev (Ukraine) |  | Ukraine |  | UAH |  | 90,765,492.19 |  | Eni Ukraine Hold.BV |  | 99.99 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni International BV |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |
Eni Ukraine Shallow Waters BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Ukraine |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni Ukraine Hold.BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni ULT Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 93,215,492.25 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni ULX Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 200,010,000 |  | Eni ULT Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni US Operating Co Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 1,000 |  | Eni Petroleum Co Inc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni USA Gas Marketing Llc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 10,000 |  | Eni Marketing Inc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni USA Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 1,000 |  | Eni Oil & Gas Inc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Venezuela BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Venezuela |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni Venezuela E&P Holding |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Venezuela E&P Holding SA |  | Bruxelles (Belgium) |  | Belgium |  | USD |  | 254,443,200 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni Ventures Plc (in liquidation) |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 0 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.99 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni Vietnam BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Vietnam |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni West Ganal Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni West Timor Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Yemen Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 1,000 |  | Burren Energy Plc |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eurl Eni Algérie |  | Algiers (Algeria) |  | Algeria |  | DZD |  | 1,000,000 |  | Eni Algeria Ltd Sàrl |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
First Calgary Petroleums LP |  | Wilmington (USA) |  | Algeria |  | USD |  | 1 |  | Eni Canada Hold. Ltd |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | FCP Partner Co ULC |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |
First Calgary Petroleums Partner Co ULC |  | Calgary (Canada) |  | Canada |  | CAD |  | 10 |  | Eni Canada Hold. Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Ieoc Exploration BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Egypt |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Ieoc Production BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Egypt |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Lasmo Sanga Sanga Ltd |  | Hamilton (Bermuda) |  | Indonesia |  | USD |  | 12,000 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Mizamtec Operating Company S. de RL de CV |  | Mexico City (Mexico) |  | Mexico |  | MXN |  | 3,000 |  | Eni US Op. Co Inc |  | 99.90 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Petroleum Co Inc |  | 0.10 |  |  |  |
Liverpool Bay Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | USD |  | 1 |  | Eni ULX Ltd |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Nigerian Agip CPFA Ltd |  | Lagos (Nigeria) |  | Nigeria |  | NGN |  | 1,262,500 |  | NAOC Ltd Agip |  | 98.02 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | En Nat Res.Ltd |  | 0.99 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nigerian Agip E. Ltd |  | 0.99 |  |  |  |
Nigerian Agip Exploration Ltd |  | Abuja (Nigeria) |  | Nigeria |  | NGN |  | 5,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |
Nigerian Agip Oil Co Ltd |  | Abuja (Nigeria) |  | Nigeria |  | NGN |  | 1,800,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.89 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 0.11 |  |  |  |
OOO ‘Eni Energhia’ |  | Moscow (Russia) |  | Russia |  | RUB |  | 2,000,000 |  | Eni Energy Russia BV |  | 99.90 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 0.10 |  |  |  |
Zetah Congo Ltd |  | Nassau (Bahamas) |  | Republic of the Congo |  | USD |  | 300 |  | Eni Congo SA Burren |  | 66.67 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | En.Congo Ltd |  | 33.33 |  |  |  |
Zetah Kouilou Ltd |  | Nassau (Bahamas) |  | Republic of the Congo |  | USD |  | 2,000 |  | ​Eni Congo SA |  | 54.50 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Burren En.Congo Ltd |  | 37.00 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 8.50 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value Global Gas & LNG Portfolio
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In Italy |  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Eni Gas Transport Services Srl |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 120,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Co.
Eni Global Energy Markets SpA (former Eni Energy Activities Srl) |  | Rome |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 1,050,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Trading & Shipping SpA |  | Rome |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 60,036,650 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
LNG Shipping SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 240,900,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Trans Tunisian Pipeline Co SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Tunisia |  | EUR |  | 1,098,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni G&P Trading BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Turkey |  | EUR |  | 70,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Gas Liquefaction BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Société de Service du Gazoduc Transtunisien SA - Sergaz SA |  | Tunisi (Tunisia) |  | Tunisia |  | TND |  | 99,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 66.67 |  | 66.67 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 33.33 |  |  |  |
Société pour la Construction du Gazoduc Transtunisien SA - Scogat SA |  | Tunisi (Tunisia) |  | Tunisia |  | TND |  | 200,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.85 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni SpA |  | 0.05 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | LNG Shipping SpA |  | 0.05 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Trans Tunis.P.Co SpA |  | 0.05 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value Refining & Marketing and Chemical Refining & Marketing
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In Italy |  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Ecofuel SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 52,000,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni4Cities SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 50,000 |  | Ecofuel SpA |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni Fuel SpA |  | Rome |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 58,944,310 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Trade & Biofuels SpA (former Eni Energia Srl) |  | Rome |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 3,050,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Petroven Srl |  | Genova |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 918,520 |  | Ecofuel SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Raffineria di Gela SpA |  | Gela (CL) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 15,000,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
SeaPad SpA |  | Genova |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 12,400,000 |  | Ecofuel SpA |  | 80.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 20.00 |  |  |  |
Servizi Fondo Bombole Metano SpA |  | Rome |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 13,580,000.20 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Co.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni Abu Dhabi Refining & Trading BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Abu Dhabi Refining & Trading Services BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni Abu Dhabi R&T BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni Austria GmbH |  | Wien (Austria) |  | Austria |  | EUR |  | 78,500,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 75.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Deutsch.GmbH |  | 25.00 |  |  |  |
Eni Benelux BV |  | Rotterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 1,934,040 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Deutschland GmbH |  | Munich (Germany) |  | Germany |  | EUR |  | 90,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 89.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 11.00 |  |  |  |
Eni Ecuador SA |  | Quito (Ecuador) |  | Ecuador |  | USD |  | 103,142.08 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.93 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Esain SA |  | 0.07 |  |  |  |
Eni France Sàrl |  | Lyon (France) |  | France |  | EUR |  | 56,800,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Iberia SLU |  | Alcobendas (Spain) |  | Spain |  | EUR |  | 17,299,100 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Lubricants Trading (Shanghai) Co Ltd |  | Shanghai (China) |  | China |  | EUR |  | 5,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Marketing Austria GmbH |  | Wien (Austria) |  | Austria |  | EUR |  | 19,621,665.23 |  | Eni Mineralölh.GmbH |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni International BV |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni Mineralölhandel GmbH |  | Wien (Austria) |  | Austria |  | EUR |  | 34,156,232.06 |  | Eni Austria GmbH |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Schmiertechnik GmbH |  | Wurzburg (Germany) |  | Germany |  | EUR |  | 2,000,000 |  | Eni Deutsch.GmbH |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Suisse SA |  | Lausanne (Switzerland) |  | Switzerland |  | CHF |  | 102,500,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Trading & Shipping Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 36,000,000 |  | ETS SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Transporte y Suministro México, S. de RL de CV |  | Mexico City (Mexico) |  | Mexico |  | MXN |  | 3,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.90 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 0.10 |  |  |  |
Eni USA R&M Co Inc |  | Wilmington (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 11,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Esacontrol SA |  | Quito (Ecuador) |  | Ecuador |  | USD |  | 60,000 |  | Eni Ecuador SA |  | 87.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 13.00 |  |  |  |
Esain SA |  | Quito (Ecuador) |  | Ecuador |  | USD |  | 30,000 |  | Eni Ecuador SA |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Tecnoesa SA |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Oléoduc du Rhône SA |  | Valais (Switzerland) |  | Switzerland |  | CHF |  | 7,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
OOO “Eni-Nefto” |  | Moscow (Russia) |  | Russia |  | RUB |  | 1,010,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.01 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 0.99 |  |  |  |
Tecnoesa SA |  | Quito (Ecuador) |  | Ecuador |  | USD |  | 36,000 |  | Eni Ecuador SA |  | 99.99 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Esain SA |  | (..) |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value Chemical
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company name |  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
In Italy |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Versalis SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 1,364,790,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dunastyr Polisztirolgyártó Zártkörûen Mûködõ Részvénytársaság |  | Budapest (Hungary) |  | Hungary |  | HUF |  | 4,332,947,072 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 96.34 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Versalis Deutsc.GmbH |  | 1.83 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Versalis Int.SA |  | 1.83 |  |  |  |
Versalis Americas Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 100,000 |  | Versalis International SA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Versalis Congo Sarlu |  | Pointe-Noire (Republic of the Congo) |  | Republic of the Congo |  | XAF |  | 1,000,000 |  | Versalis International SA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Versalis Deutschland GmbH |  | Eschborn (Germany) |  | Germany |  | EUR |  | 100,000 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Versalis France SAS |  | Mardyck (France) |  | France |  | EUR |  | 126,115,582.90 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Versalis International SA |  | Bruxelles (Belgium) |  | Belgium |  | EUR |  | 15,449,173.88 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 59.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Versalis Deutsc.GmbH |  | 23.71 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Dunastyr Zrt |  | 14.43 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Versalis France |  | 2.86 |  |  |  |
Versalis Kimya Ticaret Limited Sirketi |  | Istanbul (Turkey) |  | Turkey |  | TRY |  | 20,000 |  | Versalis Int. SA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Versalis México S. de R.L. de CV |  | Mexico City (Mexico) |  | Mexico |  | MXN |  | 1,000 |  | Versalis Intern. SA |  | 99.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Versalis SpA |  | 1.00 |  |  |  |
Versalis Pacific (India) Private Ltd |  | Mumbai (India) |  | India |  | INR |  | 238,700 |  | Versalis Sing. P. Ltd |  | 99.99 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Versalis Pacific Trading (Shanghai) Co Ltd |  | Shanghai (China) |  | China |  | CNY |  | 1,000,000 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Versalis Singapore Pte Ltd |  | Singapore (Singapore) |  | Singapore |  | SGD |  | 80,000 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Versalis UK Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 4,004,042 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Versalis Zeal Ltd |  | Tokoradi (Ghana) |  | Ghana |  | GHS |  | 5,650,000 |  | Versalis Intern. SA |  | 80.00 |  | 80.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 20.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables Eni gas e luce
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | Registered office |  | Country of operation |  | Currency |  | Share Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | % Equity ratio |  | valutation method (*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni gas e luce SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 750,000,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Evolvere Smart Srl |  | Milan |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 100,000 |  | Evolvere Venture SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 70.52 |  | F.C.
Evolvere SpA Società Benefit |  | Milan |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 1,130,000 |  | Eni gas e luce SpA |  | 70.52 |  | 70.52 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 29.48 |  |  |  |
Evolvere Venture SpA |  | Milan |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 50,000 |  | Evolvere SpA Soc. Ben. |  | 100.00 |  | 70.52 |  | F.C.
SEA SpA |  | L'Aquila |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 100,000 |  | Eni gas e luce SpA |  | 60.00 |  | 60.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 40.00 |  |  |  |
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adriaplin Podjetje za distribucijo zemeljskega plina doo Ljubljana |  | Ljubljana (Slovenia) |  | Slovenia |  | EUR |  | 12,956,935 |  | Eni gas e luce SpA |  | 51.00 |  | 51.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 49.00 |  |  |  |
Eni Gas & Power France SA |  | Levallois Perret (France) |  | France |  | EUR |  | 29,937,600 |  | Eni gas e luce SpA |  | 99.87 |  | 99.87 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 0.13 |  |  |  |
Gas Supply Company Thessaloniki - Thessalia SA |  | Thessaloniki (Greece) |  | Greece |  | EUR |  | 13,761,788 |  | Eni gas e luce SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Power
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
EniPower Mantova SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 144,000,000 |  | EniPower SpA |  | 86.50 |  | 86.50 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 13.50 |  |  |  |
EniPower SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 944,947,849 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value Renewables
|  |  |  | Country of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | Registered office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Share Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | % Equity ratio |  | valutation method (*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CGDB Enrico Srl |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 10,000 |  | Eni New Energy SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
CGDB Laerte Srl |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 10,000 |  | Eni New Energy SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni New Energy SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 9,296,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Wind Park Laterza Srl |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 10,000 |  | Eni New Energy SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Arm Wind Llp |  | Nur-Sultan (Kazakhstan) |  | Kazakhstan |  | KZT |  | 7,963,200,000 |  | Eni Energy Solutions BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Energy Solutions BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni New Energy Egypt SAE |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 250,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.98 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ieoc Exploration BV |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |
Eni New Energy Pakistan (Private) Ltd |  | Saddar Town-Karachi (Pakistan) |  | Pakistan |  | PKR |  | 136,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.98 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Hold. BV |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Pakistan Ltd (M) |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |
Eni New Energy US Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 100 |  | Eni Petroleum Co Inc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni North Sea Wind Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 10,000 |  | Eni Energy Solutions BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value Corporate and Other activities Corporate and financial companies
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agenzia Giornalistica Italia SpA |  | Rome |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 2,000,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
D-Service Media Srl (in liquidation) |  | Milan |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 75,000 |  | D-Share SpA |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
D-Share SpA |  | Milan |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 121,719.25 |  | Agi SpA |  | 55.21 |  | 55.21 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 44.79 |  |  |  |
Eni Corporate University SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 3,360,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Energia Italia Srl |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 50,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Co.
Eni Nuova Energia Srl |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 50,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Co.
EniProgetti SpA |  | Venezia Marghera (VE) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 2,064,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
EniServizi SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 13,427,419.08 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Serfactoring SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 5,160,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 49.00 |  | 49.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 51.00 |  |  |  |
Servizi Aerei SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 79,817,238 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banque Eni SA |  | Bruxelles (Belgium) |  | Belgium |  | EUR |  | 50,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.90 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 0.10 |  |  |  |
D-Share USA Corp. |  | New York (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 0(a) |  | D-Share SpA |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Co.
Eni Finance International SA |  | Bruxelles (Belgium) |  | Belgium |  | USD |  | 1,480,365,336 |  | Eni International BV |  | 66.39 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni SpA |  | 33.61 |  |  |  |
Eni Finance USA Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 15,000,000 |  | Eni Petroleum Co Inc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Insurance DAC |  | Dublin (Ireland) |  | Ireland |  | EUR |  | 500,000,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni International BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 641,683,425 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni International Resources Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 50,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni Next Llc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 100 |  | Eni Petroleum Co Inc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
EniProgetti Egypt Ltd |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 50,000 |  | Eni Progetti SpA |  | 99.00 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni SpA |  | 1.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (a) Shares without nominal value. Other activities
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Anic Partecipazioni SpA (in liquidation) |  | Gela (CL) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 23,519,847.16 |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 99.97 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 0.03 |  |  |  |
Eni Rewind SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 355,145,040.30 |  | Eni SpA |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico - ISAF - SpA (in liquidation) |  | Gela (CL) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 1,300,000 |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 52.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 48.00 |  |  |  |
Ing. Luigi Conti Vecchi SpA |  | Assemini (CA) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 5,518,620.64 |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni Rewind International BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Oleodotto del Reno SA |  | Coira (Switzerland) |  | Switzerland |  | CHF |  | 1,550,000 |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value Joint arrangements and associates Exploration & Production
In Italy |  | Registered |  | Country |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | of operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | % Equity ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Mozambique Rovuma Venture SpA (†) |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Mozambique |  | EUR |  | 20,000,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 35.71 |  | 35.71 |  | J.O.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 64.29 |  |  |  |
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agiba Petroleum Co (†) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Angola LNG Ltd |  | Hamilton (Bermuda) |  | Angola |  | USD |  | 9,952,000,000 |  | Eni Angola Prod.BV |  | 13.60 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 86.40 |  |  |  |
Ashrafi Island Petroleum Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Barentsmorneftegaz Sàrl(†) |  | Luxembourg (Luxembourg) |  | Russia |  | USD |  | 20,000 |  | Eni Energy Russia BV |  | 33.33 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 66.67 |  |  |  |
Cabo Delgado Gas Development Limitada(†) |  | Maputo (Mozambique) |  | Mozambique |  | MZN |  | 2,500,000 |  | Eni Mozam.LNG H. BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Cardón IV SA(†) |  | Caracas (Venezuela) |  | Venezuela |  | VES |  | 172.1 |  | Eni Venezuela BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Compañia Agua Plana SA |  | Caracas (Venezuela) |  | Venezuela |  | VES |  | 0.001 |  | Eni Venezuela BV |  | 26.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 74.00 |  |  |  |
Coral FLNG SA |  | Maputo (Mozambique) |  | Mozambique |  | MZN |  | 100,000,000 |  | Eni Mozam.LNG H. BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Coral South FLNG DMCC |  | Dubai (United Arab Emirates) |  | United Arab Emirates |  | AED |  | 500,000 |  | Eni Mozam.LNG H. BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
East Delta Gas Co (in liquidation) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 37.50 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 62.50 |  |  |  |
East Kanayis Petroleum Co(†) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
East Obaiyed Petroleum Co(†) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc SpA |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
El Temsah Petroleum Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
El-Fayrouz Petroleum Co(†) (in liquidation) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Exploration BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Fedynskmorneftegaz Sàrl(†) |  | Luxembourg (Luxembourg) |  | Russia |  | USD |  | 20,000 |  | Eni Energy Russia BV |  | 33.33 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 66.67 |  |  |  |
Isatay Operating Company Llp(†) |  | Nur-Sultan (Kazakhstan) |  | Kazakhstan |  | KZT |  | 400,000 |  | Eni Isatay BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Kazakhstan |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Agip Karachag.BV |  | 29.25 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 70.75 |  |  |  |
Karachaganak Project Development Ltd (KPD) (in liquidation) |  | Reading, Berkshire (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 100 |  | Agip Karachag.BV |  | 38.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 62.00 |  |  |  |
Khaleej Petroleum Co Wll |  | Safat (Kuwait) |  | Kuwait |  | KWD |  | 250,000 |  | Eni Middle E. Ltd |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 51.00 |  |  |  |
Liberty National Development Co Llc |  | Wilmington (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 0 | (a) | Eni Oil & Gas Inc |  | 32.50 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 67.50 |  |  |  |
Mediterranean Gas Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Meleiha Petroleum Company(†) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (†) Jointly controlled entity.
| (a) |  | Shares without nominal value.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | % |  |
|  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Mellitah Oil & Gas BV(†) |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Libya |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni North Africa BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Nile Delta Oil Co Nidoco |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 37.50 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 62.50 |  |  |  |
Norpipe Terminal Holdco Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Norway |  | GBP |  | 55.69 |  | Eni SpA |  | 14.20 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 85.80 |  |  |  |
North Bardawil Petroleum Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Exploration BV |  | 30.00 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 70.00 |  |  |  |
North El Burg Petroleum Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc SpA |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co(†) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
PetroBicentenario SA(†) |  | Caracas (Venezuela) |  | Venezuela |  | VES |  | 3,790 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 60.00 |  |  |  |
PetroJunín SA(†) |  | Caracas (Venezuela) |  | Venezuela |  | VES |  | 24,021 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 60.00 |  |  |  |
PetroSucre SA |  | Caracas (Venezuela) |  | Venezuela |  | VES |  | 2,203 |  | Eni Venezuela BV |  | 26.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 74.00 |  |  |  |
Pharaonic Petroleum Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Point Resources FPSO AS |  | Sandnes (Norway) |  | Norway |  | NOK |  | 150,100,000 |  | PR FPSO Holding AS |  | 100.00 |  |  |  |
Point Resources FPSO Holding AS |  | Sandnes (Norway) |  | Norway |  | NOK |  | 60,000 |  | Vår Energi AS |  | 100.00 |  |  |  |
Port Said Petroleum Co (†) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
PR Jotun DA |  | Sandnes (Norway) |  | Norway |  | NOK |  | 0 | (a) | PR FPSO AS |  | 95.00 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | PR FPSO Holding AS |  | 5.00 |  |  |  |
Raml Petroleum Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 22.50 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 77.50 |  |  |  |
Ras Qattara Petroleum Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 37.50 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 62.50 |  |  |  |
Rovuma Basin LNG Land Limitada(†) |  | Maputo (Mozambique) |  | Mozambique |  | MZN |  | 140,000 |  | Mozamb. Rov. V. SpA |  | 33.33 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 66.67 |  |  |  |
Rovuma LNG Investments (DIFC) Ltd |  | Dubai (United Arab Emirates) |  | Mozambique |  | USD |  | 50,000 |  | Eni Moz. LNG H. BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Rovuma LNG SA |  | Maputo (Mozambique) |  | Mozambique |  | MZN |  | 100,000,000 |  | Eni Moz. LNG H. BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Shorouk Petroleum Company |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA |  | Pointe-Noire (Republic of the Congo) |  | Republic of the Congo |  | XAF |  | 44,732,000,000 |  | Eni Congo SA |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.00 |  |  |  |
Société Italo Tunisienne d’Exploitation Pétrolière SA(†) |  | Tunisi (Tunisia) |  | Tunisia |  | TND |  | 5,000,000 |  | Eni Tunisia BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Sodeps - Société de Developpement et d’Exploitation du Permis du Sud SA(†) |  | Tunisi (Tunisia) |  | Tunisia |  | TND |  | 100,000 |  | Eni Tunisia BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Thekah Petroleum Co (in liquidation) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Exploration BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
United Gas Derivatives Co |  | New Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | USD |  | 153,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 33.33 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 66.67 |  |  |  |
Vår Energi AS(†) |  | Forus (Norway) |  | Norway |  | NOK |  | 399,425,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 69.85 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 30.15 |  |  |  |
Vår Energi Marine AS |  | Sandnes (Norway) |  | Norway |  | NOK |  | 61,000,000 |  | Vår Energi AS |  | 100.00 |  |  |  |
VIC CBM Ltd(†) |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | USD |  | 52,315,912 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Virginia Indonesia Co CBM Ltd(†) |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | USD |  | 25,631,640 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
West Ashrafi Petroleum Co(†) (in liquidation) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Exploration BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (†) Jointly controlled entity. (a) Shares without nominal value. Global Gas & LNG Portfolio
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company name |  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
In Italy |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Mariconsult SpA(†) |  | Milan |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 120,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Transmed SpA(†) |  | Milan |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 240,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Angola LNG Supply Services Llc |  | Wilmington (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 19,278,782 |  | Eni USA Gas M. Llc |  | 13.60 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 86.40 |  |  |  |
Blue Stream Pipeline Co BV(†) |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Russia |  | USD |  | 22,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 50.00 |  | 74.62 | (a) | J.O.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
GreenStream BV(†) |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Libya |  | EUR |  | 200,000,000 |  | Eni North Africa BV |  | 50.00 |  | 50.00 |  | J.O.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Premium Multiservices SA |  | Tunisi (Tunisia) |  | Tunisia |  | TND |  | 200,000 |  | Sergaz SA |  | 49.99 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.01 |  |  |  |
SAMCO Sagl |  | Lugano (Switzerland) |  | Switzerland |  | CHF |  | 20,000 |  | Transmed.Pip.Co Ltd |  | 90.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni International BV |  | 5.00 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 5.00 |  |  |  |
Transmediterranean Pipeline Co Ltd(†) |  | St. Helier (Jersey) |  | Jersey |  | USD |  | 10,310,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 50.00 |  | 50.00 |  | J.O.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Unión Fenosa Gas SA(†) |  | Madrid (Spain) |  | Spain |  | EUR |  | 32,772,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (†) Jointly controlled entity. (a) Equity ratio equal to the Eni's working interest. Refining & Marketing and Chemical Refining & Marketing
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company name |  |  |  | of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
In Italy |  | Registered office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Arezzo Gas SpA (†) |  | Arezzo |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 394,000 |  | Eni Fuel SpA |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
CePIM Centro Padano Interscambio Merci SpA |  | Fontevivo (PR) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 6,642,928.32 |  | Ecofuel SpA |  | 44.78 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 55.22 |  |  |  |
Consorzio Operatori GPL di Napoli |  | Napoli |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 102,000 |  | Eni Fuel SpA |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Costiero Gas Livorno SpA(†) |  | Livorno |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 26,000,000 |  | Eni Fuel SpA |  | 65.00 |  | 65.00 |  | J.O.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 35.00 |  |  |  |
Disma SpA |  | Segrate (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 2,600,000 |  | Eni Fuel SpA |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Livorno LNG Terminal SpA |  | Livorno |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 200,000 |  | Costiero Gas Liv. SpA |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Porto Petroli di Genova SpA |  | Genova |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 2,068,000 |  | Ecofuel SpA |  | 40.50 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 59.50 |  |  |  |
Raffineria di Milazzo ScpA(†) |  | Milazzo (ME) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 171,143,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 50.00 |  | 50.00 |  | J.O.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Seram SpA |  | Fiumicino (RM) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 852,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Sigea Sistema Integrato Genova Arquata SpA |  | Genova |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 3,326,900 |  | Ecofuel SpA |  | 35.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 65.00 |  |  |  |
Società Oleodotti Meridionali - SOM SpA(†) |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 3,085,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 30.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (†) Jointly controlled entity.
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidation
|  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  |  |  | % |  | or valutation
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | Equity ratio |  | method(*)
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Company (TAKREER) |  | Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) |  | United Arab Emirates |  | AED |  | 500,000,000 |  | Eni Abu Dhabi R&T BV |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.00 |  |  |  |
ADNOC Global Trading Ltd |  | Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) |  | United Arab Emirates |  | USD |  | 1,000 |  | Eni Abu Dhabi R&T BV |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.00 |  |  |  |
AET - Raffineriebeteiligungs gesellschaft mbH(†) |  | Schwedt (Germany) |  | Germany |  | EUR |  | 27,000 |  | Eni Deutsch.GmbH |  | 33.33 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 66.67 |  |  |  |
Bayernoil Raffineriegesellschaft mbH(†) |  | Vohburg (Germany) |  | Germany |  | EUR |  | 10,226,000 |  | Eni Deutsch.GmbH |  | 20.00 |  | 20.00 |  | J.O.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.00 |  |  |  |
City Carburoil SA(†) |  | Rivera (Switzerland) |  | Switzerland |  | CHF |  | 6,000,000 |  | Eni Suisse SA |  | 49.91 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.09 |  |  |  |
Egyptian International Gas Technology Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 100,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 60.00 |  |  |  |
ENEOS Italsing Pte Ltd |  | Singapore (Singapore) |  | Singapore |  | SGD |  | 12,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 22.50 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 77.50 |  |  |  |
Fuelling Aviation Services GIE |  | Tremblay en France (France) |  | France |  | EUR |  | 1 |  | Eni France Sàrl |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Mediterranée Bitumes SA |  | Tunisi (Tunisia) |  | Tunisia |  | TND |  | 1,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 34.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 66.00 |  |  |  |
Routex BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 67,500 |  | Eni International BV |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.00 |  |  |  |
Saraco SA |  | Meyrin (Switzerland) |  | Switzerland |  | CHF |  | 420,000 |  | Eni Suisse SA |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.00 |  |  |  |
Supermetanol CA(†) |  | Jose Puerto La Cruz (Venezuela) |  | Venezuela |  | VES |  | 120,867 |  | Ecofuel SpA |  | 34.51 | (a) | 50.00 |  | J.O.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Supermetanol CA |  | 30.07 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 35.42 |  |  |  |
TBG Tanklager Betriebsgesellschaft GmbH(†) |  | Salzburg (Austria) |  | Austria |  | EUR |  | 43,603.70 |  | Eni Market.A.GmbH |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Weat Electronic Datenservice GmbH |  | Düsseldorf (Germany) |  | Germany |  | EUR |  | 409,034 |  | Eni Deutsch.GmbH |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (†) Jointly controlled entity.
(a) Controlling interest: | Ecofuel SpA | 50.00
| Third parties | 50.00
Chemical
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | % |  |
|  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Share Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brindisi Servizi Generali Scarl |  | Brindisi |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 1,549,060 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 20.20 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | EniPower SpA |  | 8.90 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 21.90 |  |  |  |
Finproject SpA |  | Morrovalle (MC) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 18,500,000 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 60.00 |  |  |  |
IFM Ferrara ScpA |  | Ferrara |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 5,270,466 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 19.74 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 11.58 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | S.E.F. Srl |  | 10.70 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 57.98 |  |  |  |
Matrìca SpA(†) |  | Porto Torres (SS) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 37,500,000 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Priolo Servizi ScpA |  | Melilli (SR) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 28,100,000 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 35.15 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 5.04 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 59.81 |  |  |  |
Ravenna Servizi Industriali ScpA |  | Ravenna |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 5,597,400 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 42.13 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | EniPower SpA |  | 30.37 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ecofuel SpA |  | 1.85 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 25.65 |  |  |  |
Servizi Porto Marghera Scarl |  | Venezia Marghera (VE) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 8,695,718 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 48.44 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 38.39 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 13.17 |  |  |  |
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lotte Versalis Elastomers Co Ltd(†) |  | Yeosu (South Korea) |  | South Korea |  | KRW |  | 501,800,000,000 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
VPM Oilfield Specialty Chemicals Llc (†) |  | Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) |  | United Arab Emirates |  | AED |  | 1,000,000 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 51.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (†) Jointly controlled entity. Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables Eni gas e luce
|  |  |  | Country of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | Registered office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Share Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | % Equity ratio |  | valutation method (*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
E-Prosume Srl (†) |  | Milan |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 100,000 |  | Evolvere Venture SpA |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Evogy Srl |  | Seriate (BG) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 10,000 |  | Evolvere Venture SpA |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 60.00 |  |  |  |
PV Family Srl |  | Cagliari |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 131,200 |  | Evolvere SpA Soc. Ben. |  | 23.78 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 76.22 |  |  |  |
Renewable Dispatching Srl |  | Milan |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 49,000 |  | Evolvere Venture SpA |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 60.00 |  |  |  |
Tate Srl |  | Bologna |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 408,509.29 |  | Evolvere Venture SpA |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.00 |  |  |  |
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gas Distribution Company of Thessaloniki - Thessaly SA (†) |  | Ampelokipi-Menemeni (Greece) |  | Greece |  | EUR |  | 247,127,605 |  | Eni gas e luce SpA |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 51.00 |  |  |  |
OVO Energy (France) SAS |  | Paris (France) |  | France |  | EUR |  | 66,666.66 |  | Eni gas e luce SpA |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Power
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Società EniPower Ferrara Srl (†) |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 140,000,000 |  | EniPower SpA |  | 51.00 |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 49.00 |  |
Renewables
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ayla Energy Ltd (†) |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | USD |  | 1,000 |  | Eni En. Solutions BV |  | 50.00 |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |
Novis Renewables Holdings Llc |  | Wilmington (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 100 |  | Eni New Energy US |  | 49.00 |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 51.00 |  |
Novis Renewables Llc (†) |  | Wilmington (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 100 |  | Eni New Energy US |  | 50.00 |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |
Société Energies Renouvelables Eni-ETAP SA (†) |  | Tunisi (Tunisia) |  | Tunisia |  | TND |  | 1,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 50.00 |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |
Solenova Ltd (†) |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | USD |  | 1,580,000 |  | Eni En. Solutions BV |  | 50.00 |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (†) Jointly controlled entity. Corporate and Other activities Corporate and financial companies
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | % |  |
|  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Share Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consorzio per l'attuazione del Progetto Divertor Tokamak Test DTT Scarl (†) |  | Frascati (RM) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 1,000,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Saipem SpA (#) (†) |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 2,191,384,693 |  | Eni SpA |  | 30.54 | (a) |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Saipem SpA |  | 1.73 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 67.73 |  |  |  |
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commonwealth Fusion Systems Llc |  | Wilmington (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 215,000,515 |  | Eni Next Llc |  |  |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  |  |  |  |  |
CZero Inc |  | Wilmington (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 8,116,660.78 |  | Eni Next Llc |  |  |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  |  |  |  |  |
Form Energy Inc |  | Sommerville (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 124,001,561.31 |  | Eni Next Llc |  |  |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  |  |  |  |  |
Tecninco Engineering Contractors Llp (†) |  | Aksai (Kazakhstan) |  | Kazakhstan |  | KZT |  | 29,478,455.00 |  | Eni Next Llc |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 51.00 |  |  |  |
Other activities
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Progetto Nuraghe Scarl |  | Porto Torres (SS) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 10,000 |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 48.55 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 51.45 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (#) Company with shares quoted in the regulated market of Italy or of other EU countries (†) Jointly controlled entity.
(a) Controlling interest: | Eni SpA Third parties | 31.08 68.92
Other significant investments Exploration & Production
|  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Share Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | valutation method(*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consorzio Universitario in Ingegneria per la Qualità e l’Innovazione |  | Pisa |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 136,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 20.00 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.00 |  |
Outside Italy
Administradora del Golfo de Paria Este SA |  | Caracas (Venezuela) |  | Venezuela |  | VES |  | 0.001 |  | Eni Venezuela BV |  | 19.50 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.50 |  |
Brass LNG Ltd |  | Lagos (Nigeria) |  | Nigeria |  | USD |  | 1,000,000 |  | Eni Int. NA NV Sàrl |  | 20.48 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 79.52 |  |
Darwin LNG Pty Ltd |  | West Perth (Australia) |  | Australia |  | AUD |  | 187,569,921.42 |  | Eni G&P LNG Aus. BV |  | 10.99 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 89.01 |  |
New Liberty Residential Co Llc |  | West Trenton (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 0 | (a) | Eni Oil & Gas Inc |  | 17.50 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 82.50 |  |
Nigeria LNG Ltd |  | Port Harcourt (Nigeria) |  | Nigeria |  | USD |  | 1,138,207,000 |  | Eni Int. NA NV Sàrl |  | 10.40 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 89.60 |  |
North Caspian Operating Company NV |  | The Hague (Netherlands) |  | Kazakhstan |  | EUR |  | 128,520 |  | Agip Caspian Sea BV |  | 16.81 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 83.19 |  |
OPCO - Sociedade Operacional Angola LNG SA |  | Luanda (Angola) |  | Angola |  | AOA |  | 7,400,000 |  | Eni Angola Prod.BV |  | 13.60 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 86.40 |  |
Petrolera Güiria SA |  | Caracas (Venezuela) |  | Venezuela |  | VES |  | 10 |  | Eni Venezuela BV |  | 19.50 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.50 |  |
SOMG - Sociedade de Operações e Manutenção de Gasodutos SA |  | Luanda (Angola) |  | Angola |  | AOA |  | 7,400,000 |  | Eni Angola Prod.BV |  | 10.57 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 89.43 |  |
Torsina Oil Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 12.50 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 87.50 |  |
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | % |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Share Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | valutation method(*)
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Norsea Gas GmbH |  | Emden (Germany) |  | Germany |  | EUR |  | 1,533,875.64 |  | Eni International BV |  | 13.04 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 86.96 |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (a) Shares without nominal value. Refining & Marketing and Chemical Refining & Marketing
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | % |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Share Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | valutation method(*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Società Italiana Oleodotti di Gaeta SpA(4) |  | Rome |  | Italy |  | ITL |  | 360,000,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 72.48 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 27.52 |  |
Company name |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | Consolidation or
Outside Italy |  | Registered office |  | Country of operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | valutation method(*)
BFS Berlin Fuelling Services GbR |  | Hamburg (Germany) |  | Germany |  | EUR |  | 89,199 |  | Eni Deutsch.GmbH |  | 12.50 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 87.50 |  |
Compania de Economia Mixta ‘Austrogas’ |  | Cuenca (Ecuador) |  | Ecuador |  | USD |  | 5,665,329 |  | Eni Ecuador SA |  | 13.38 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 86.62 |  |
Dépôt Pétrolier de Fos SA |  | Fos-Sur-Mer (France) |  | France |  | EUR |  | 3,954,196.40 |  | Eni France Sàrl |  | 16.81 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 83.19 |  |
Dépôt Pétrolier de la Côte d’Azur SAS |  | Nanterre (France) |  | France |  | EUR |  | 207,500 |  | Eni France Sàrl |  | 18.00 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 82.00 |  |
Joint Inspection Group Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 0 | (a) | Eni SpA |  | 12.50 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 87.50 |  |
Saudi European Petrochemical Co "IBN ZAHR" |  | Al Jubail (Saudi Arabia) |  | Saudi Arabia |  | SAR |  | 1,200,000,000 |  | Ecofuel SpA |  | 10.00 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 90.00 |  |
S.I.P.G. Société Immobilière Pétrolière de Gestion Snc |  | Tremblay-En-France (France) |  | France |  | EUR |  | 40,000 |  | Eni France Sàrl |  | 12.50 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 87.50 |  |
Sistema Integrado de Gestion de Aceites Usados |  | Madrid (Spain) |  | Spain |  | EUR |  | 175,713 |  | Eni Iberia SLU |  | 15.44 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 84.56 |  |
Tanklager - Gesellschaft Tegel (TGT) GbR |  | Hamburg (Germany) |  | Germany |  | EUR |  | 4,953 |  | Eni Deutsch.GmbH |  | 12.50 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 87.50 |  |
TAR - Tankanlage Ruemlang AG |  | Ruemlang (Switzerland) |  | Switzerland |  | CHF |  | 3,259,500 |  | Eni Suisse SA |  | 16.27 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 83.73 |  |
Tema Lube Oil Co Ltd |  | Accra (Ghana) |  | Ghana |  | GHS |  | 258,309 |  | Eni International BV |  | 12.00 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 88.00 |  |
Chemical
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Novamont SpA |  | Novara |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 13,333,500 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (a) Shares without nominal value. Corporate e Altre attività Other activities
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | Registered office |  | Country of operation |  | Currency |  | Share Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | % Equity ratio |  | valutation method (*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ottana Sviluppo ScpA (in bankruptcy) |  | Nuoro |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 516,000 |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 30.00 |  |  |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 70.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value Information on Eni’s consolidated subsidiaries with significant non-controlling interest In 2020 and 2019, Eni did not own any consolidated subsidiaries with a significant non-controlling interest. Equity pertaining to minority interests as of December 31, 2020, amounted to €78 million (€61 million December 31, 2019). Changes in the ownership interest without loss of control In 2020, Eni did not report any changes in ownership interest without loss or acquisition of control. In 2019, Eni acquired a 10% stake of Windirect BV. Principal joint ventures, joint operations and associates as of December 31, 2020
|  |  |  | Country of |  |  |  | % ownership |  | Eni's % of the
Company name |  | Registered office |  | operation |  | Business segment |  | interest |  | investment
Joint venture |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vår Energi AS |  | Forus (Norway) |  | Norway |  | Exploration & Production |  | 69.85 |  | 69.85
Saipem SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) (Italy) |  | Italy |  | Corporate and financial companies |  | 30.54 |  | 31.08
Unión Fenosa Gas SA |  | Madrid (Spain) |  | Spain |  | Global Gas & LNG Portfolio |  | 50.00 |  | 50.00
Cardón IV SA |  | Caracas (Venezuela) |  | Venezuela |  | Exploration & Production |  | 50.00 |  | 50.00
Gas Distribution Company of Thessaloniki - Thessaly SA |  | Ampelokipi- Menemeni (Greece) |  | Greece |  | Eni gas e luce |  | 49.00 |  | 49.00
Joint Operation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mozambique Rovuma Venture SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) (Italy) |  | Mozambique |  | Exploration & Production |  | 35.71 |  | 35.71
GreenStream BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Libya |  | Global Gas & LNG Portfolio |  | 50.00 |  | 50.00
Associates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Co (Takreer) |  | Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) |  | United Arab Emirates |  | Refining & Marketing |  | 20.00 |  | 20.00
Angola LNG Ltd |  | Hamilton (Bermuda) |  | Angola |  | Exploration & Production |  | 13.60 |  | 13.60
Coral FLNG SA |  | Maputo (Mozambique) |  | Mozambique |  | Exploration & Production |  | 25.00 |  | 25.00
Main line items of profit and loss and balance sheet related to the principal joint ventures, represented by the amounts included in the reports accounted under IFRS of each company, are provided in the table below:
|  | 2020
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gas Distribution |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Company of |  | Other
|  | Vår Energi |  | Saipem |  | Unión Fenosa |  | Cardón IV |  | Thessaloniki -Thessaly |  | joint
(€ million) |  | AS |  | SpA |  | Gas SA |  | SA |  | SA |  | ventures
Current assets |  | 804 |  | 6,411 |  | 599 |  | 235 |  | 31 |  | 858
- of which cash and cash equivalent |  | 222 |  | 1,687 |  | 36 |  |  |  | 10 |  | 43
Non-current assets |  | 16,042 |  | 4,831 |  | 717 |  | 2,040 |  | 344 |  | 924
Total assets |  | 16,846 |  | 11,242 |  | 1,316 |  | 2,275 |  | 375 |  | 1,782
Current liabilities |  | 189 |  | 4,903 |  | 311 |  | 262 |  | 38 |  | 1,022
- current financial liabilities |  | 33 |  | 609 |  | 99 |  |  |  | 11 |  | 90
Non-current liabilities |  | 15,019 |  | 3,391 |  | 501 |  | 1,615 |  | 51 |  | 333
- non-current financial liabilities |  | 4,389 |  | 2,827 |  | 421 |  | 785 |  | 39 |  | 237
Total liabilities |  | 15,208 |  | 8,294 |  | 812 |  | 1,877 |  | 89 |  | 1,355
Net equity |  | 1,638 |  | 2,948 |  | 504 |  | 398 |  | 286 |  | 427
Eni’s % of the investment |  | 69.85 |  | 31.08 |  | 50.00 |  | 50.00 |  | 49.00 |  |
Book value of the investment |  | 1,144 |  | 908 |  | 242 |  | 199 |  | 140 |  | 188
Revenues and other income |  | 2,450 |  | 7,408 |  | 854 |  | 612 |  | 62 |  | 286
Operating expense |  | (980) |  | (6,980) |  | (805) |  | (453) |  | (19) |  | (304)
Depreciation, amortization and impairments |  | (3,425) |  | (1,273) |  | (108) |  | (95) |  | (16) |  | (85)
Operating profit (loss) |  | (1,955) |  | (845) |  | (59) |  | 64 |  | 27 |  | (103)
Finance income (expense) |  | 31 |  | (166) |  | (29) |  | (98) |  | (1) |  | (21)
Income (expense) from investments |  |  |  | 37 |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit (loss) before income taxes |  | (1,924) |  | (974) |  | (85) |  | (34) |  | 26 |  | (124)
Income taxes |  | 603 |  | (143) |  | (2) |  | (58) |  | (6) |  | (4)
Net profit (loss) |  | (1,321) |  | (1,117) |  | (87) |  | (92) |  | 20 |  | (128)
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (273) |  | 46 |  | (33) |  | (35) |  |  |  | (25)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (1,594) |  | (1,071) |  | (120) |  | (127) |  | 20 |  | (153)
Net profit (loss) attributable to Eni |  | (918) |  | (354) |  | (68) |  | (46) |  | 10 |  | (93)
Dividends received from the joint venture |  | 274 |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 9 |  | 10
|  | 2019
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gas Distribution |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Company of |  | Other
|  | Vår Energi |  | Saipem |  | Unión Fenosa |  | Cardón IV |  | Thessaloniki -Thessaly |  | joint
(€ million) |  | AS |  | SpA |  | Gas SA |  | SA |  | SA |  | ventures
Current assets |  | 1,385 |  | 7,012 |  | 585 |  | 208 |  | 31 |  | 551
- of which cash and cash equivalent |  | 182 |  | 2,272 |  | 41 |  | 6 |  | 12 |  | 40
Non-current assets |  | 18,427 |  | 5,997 |  | 827 |  | 2,383 |  | 322 |  | 1,085
Total assets |  | 19,812 |  | 13,009 |  | 1,412 |  | 2,591 |  | 353 |  | 1,636
Current liabilities |  | 2,374 |  | 5,204 |  | 225 |  | 255 |  | 24 |  | 819
- current financial liabilities |  | 33 |  | 557 |  | 49 |  |  |  | 9 |  | 165
Non-current liabilities |  | 13,820 |  | 3,680 |  | 563 |  | 2,040 |  | 46 |  | 354
- non-current financial liabilities |  | 3,929 |  | 3,147 |  | 493 |  | 1,140 |  | 33 |  | 274
Total liabilities |  | 16,194 |  | 8,884 |  | 788 |  | 2,295 |  | 70 |  | 1,173
Net equity |  | 3,618 |  | 4,125 |  | 624 |  | 296 |  | 283 |  | 463
Eni’s % of the investment |  | 69.60 |  | 30.99 |  | 50.00 |  | 50.00 |  | 49.00 |  |
Book value of the investment |  | 2,518 |  | 1,250 |  | 326 |  | 148 |  | 139 |  | 199
Revenues and other income |  | 2,552 |  | 9,118 |  | 1,255 |  | 598 |  | 58 |  | 270
Operating expense |  | (1,015) |  | (7,972) |  | (1,221) |  | (456) |  | (16) |  | (277)
Depreciation, amortization and impairments |  | (1,208) |  | (690) |  | (53) |  | (86) |  | (14) |  | (47)
Operating profit (loss) |  | 329 |  | 456 |  | (19) |  | 56 |  | 28 |  | (54)
Finance income (expense) |  | (1) |  | (210) |  | (37) |  | (133) |  | (1) |  | (14)
Income (expense) from investments |  |  |  | (18) |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit (loss) before income taxes |  | 328 |  | 228 |  | (50) |  | (77) |  | 27 |  | (68)
Income taxes |  | (258) |  | (130) |  | 8 |  | (103) |  | (7) |  | (12)
Net profit (loss) |  | 70 |  | 98 |  | (42) |  | (180) |  | 20 |  | (80)
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 40 |  | 66 |  | 11 |  | 5 |  |  |  |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 110 |  | 164 |  | (31) |  | (175) |  | 20 |  | (80)
Net profit (loss) attributable to Eni |  | 49 |  | 4 |  | (14) |  | (90) |  | 10 |  | (40)
Dividends received from the joint venture |  | 1,057 |  |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 6
Main line items of profit and loss and balance sheet related to the principal associates represented by the amounts included in the reports accounted under IFRS of each company are provided in the table below:
2020 |  | Abu Dhabi |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Oil Refining Co |  | Angola LNG |  | Coral FLNG |  | Other
(€ million) |  | (TAKREER) |  | Ltd |  | SA |  | associates
Current assets |  | 1,391 |  | 618 |  | 133 |  | 623
- of which cash and cash equivalent |  | 97 |  | 428 |  | 83 |  | 303
Non-current assets |  | 17,938 |  | 8,633 |  | 4,777 |  | 4,072
Total assets |  | 19,329 |  | 9,251 |  | 4,910 |  | 4,695
Current liabilities |  | 4,897 |  | 424 |  | 172 |  | 656
- current financial liabilities |  | 4,404 |  | 101 |  |  |  | 263
Non-current liabilities |  | 2,757 |  | 1,187 |  | 4,186 |  | 3,068
- non-current financial liabilities |  | 456 |  | 999 |  | 4,186 |  | 2,928
Total liabilities |  | 7,654 |  | 1,611 |  | 4,358 |  | 3,724
Net equity |  | 11,675 |  | 7,640 |  | 552 |  | 971
Eni’s % of the investment |  | 20.00 |  | 13.60 |  | 25.00 |  |
Book value of the investment |  | 2,335 |  | 1,039 |  | 138 |  | 321
Revenues and other income |  | 11,933 |  | 976 |  | 1 |  | 954
Operating expense |  | (12,370) |  | (548) |  |  |  | (917)
Depreciation, amortization and impairments |  | (851) |  | (508) |  |  |  | (75)
Operating profit (loss) |  | (1,288) |  | (80) |  | 1 |  | (38)
Finance income (expense) |  | (91) |  | (96) |  | (11) |  | (13)
Income (expense) from investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16
Profit (loss) before income taxes |  | (1,379) |  | (176) |  | (10) |  | (35)
Income taxes |  | 4 |  |  |  | 2 |  | (9)
Net profit (loss) |  | (1,375) |  | (176) |  | (8) |  | (44)
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (1,101) |  | (710) |  | (48) |  | (60)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (2,476) |  | (886) |  | (56) |  | (104)
Net profit (loss) attributable to Eni |  | (275) |  | (24) |  | (2) |  | (26)
Dividends received from the associate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13
2019 |  | Abu Dhabi Oil |  |  |  | Coral |  |
|  | Refining Co |  | Angola LNG |  | FLNG |  | Other
(€ million) |  | (TAKREER) |  | Ltd |  | SA |  | associates
Current assets |  | 4,659 |  | 890 |  | 241 |  | 838
- of which cash and cash equivalent |  | 42 |  | 653 |  | 240 |  | 91
Non-current assets |  | 18,868 |  | 9,952 |  | 4,119 |  | 3,259
Total assets |  | 23,527 |  | 10,842 |  | 4,360 |  | 4,097
Current liabilities |  | 8,470 |  | 185 |  | 230 |  | 585
- current financial liabilities |  | 3,694 |  |  |  |  |  | 63
Non-current liabilities |  | 912 |  | 2,135 |  | 3,722 |  | 2,677
- non-current financial liabilities |  | 479 |  | 1,943 |  | 3,722 |  | 2,515
Total liabilities |  | 9,382 |  | 2,320 |  | 3,952 |  | 3,262
Net equity |  | 14,145 |  | 8,522 |  | 408 |  | 835
Eni’s % of the investment |  | 20.00 |  | 13.60 |  | 25.00 |  |
Book value of the investment |  | 2,829 |  | 1,159 |  | 102 |  | 264
Revenues and other income |  | 399 |  | 1,552 |  |  |  | 818
Operating expense |  | (357) |  | (549) |  |  |  | (763)
Depreciation, amortization and impairments |  | (335) |  | (509) |  |  |  | (28)
Operating profit (loss) |  | (293) |  | 494 |  |  |  | 27
Finance income (expense) |  | (46) |  | (151) |  | (12) |  | (2)
Income (expense) from investments |  | 282 |  |  |  |  |  | 35
Profit (loss) before income taxes |  | (57) |  | 343 |  | (12) |  | 60
Income taxes |  | 11 |  |  |  | 5 |  | (10)
Net profit (loss) |  | (46) |  | 343 |  | (7) |  | 50
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (59) |  | 162 |  | 8 |  | 5
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (105) |  | 505 |  | 1 |  | 55
Net profit (loss) attributable to Eni |  | (9) |  | 47 |  | (2) |  | 22
Dividends received from the associate |  | 46 |  |  |  |  |  | 15

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Significant non-recurring events and operations | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Significant non-recurring events and operations |
Significant non-recurring events and operations | 38 Significant non-recurring events and operations In 2020, in 2019 and 2018, Eni did not report any non-recurring events and operations.

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Positions or transactions deriving from atypical and/or unusual operations | 12 Months Ended
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Positions or transactions deriving from atypical and/or unusual operations |
Positions or transactions deriving from atypical and/or unusual operations | 39 Positions or transactions deriving from atypical and/or unusual operations In 2020, in 2019 and 2018, no transactions deriving from atypical and/or unusual operations were reported.

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Subsequent events | 12 Months Ended
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Subsequent events |
Subsequent events | 40 Subsequent events No significant events were reported after December 31, 2020, apart from what is already included in the notes to these Financial Statements.

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Significant accounting policies, estimates and judgements (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Significant accounting policies, estimates and judgements |
Basis of preparation | Basis of preparation The Consolidated Financial Statements of Eni SpA and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as Eni or the Group) have been prepared on a going concern 1 basis in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)2 as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, taking into account, where appropriate, value adjustments, except for certain items that under IFRSs must be measured at fair value as described in the accounting policies that follow. The principles of consolidation and the significant accounting policies that follow have been consistently applied to all years presented, except where otherwise indicated. The 2020 Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report on Form 20‑F, approved by the Eni’s Board of Directors on April 1, 2021, were audited by the external auditor PricewaterhouseCoopers SpA. The external auditor of Eni SpA, as the main external auditor, is wholly in charge of the auditing activities of the Consolidated Financial Statements; when there are other external auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers SpA takes the responsibility of their work. The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in euros and all values are rounded to the nearest million euros (€ million), except where otherwise indicated. 1 With reference to the impacts of COVID-19, see information provided in the previous paragraph. 2 IFRSs include also International Accounting Standards (IAS), currently effective, as well as the interpretations developed by the IFRS Interpretations Committee, previously named International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) and initially Standing Interpretations Committee (SIC).
Significant accounting estimates and judgements | Significant accounting estimates and judgements The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses recognised in the financial statements, as well as amounts included in the notes thereto, including disclosure of contingent assets and contingent liabilities. Estimates made are based on complex judgements and past experience of other assumptions deemed reasonable in consideration of the information available at the time. The accounting policies and areas that require the most significant judgements and estimates to be used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements are in relation to the accounting for oil and natural gas activities, specifically in the determination of reserves, impairment of financial and non-financial assets, leases, decommissioning and restoration liabilities, environmental liabilities, business combinations, employee benefits, revenue from contracts with customers, fair value measurements and income taxes. Although the Company uses its best estimates and judgements, actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions used. The accounting estimates and judgements relevant for the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statement are described below.
Subsidiaries | Principles of consolidation Subsidiaries The Consolidated Financial Statements comprise the financial statements of the parent Company Eni SpA and those of its subsidiaries, being those entities over which the Company has control, either directly or indirectly, through exposure or rights to their variable returns and the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investees. To have power over an investee, the investor must have existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee, i.e. the activities that significantly affect the investee’s returns. Subsidiaries are consolidated, on the basis of consistent accounting policies, from the date on which control is obtained until the date that control ceases. Assets, liabilities, income and expenses of consolidated subsidiaries are fully recognised with those of the parent in the Consolidated Financial Statements, taking into account the appropriate eliminations of intragroup transactions (see the accounting policy for “Intragroup transactions”); the parent’s investment in each subsidiary is eliminated against the corresponding parent’s portion of equity of each subsidiary. Non-controlling interests are presented separately on the balance sheet within equity; the profit or loss and comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests are presented in specific line items, respectively, in the profit and loss account and in the statement of comprehensive income. The Consolidated Financial Statements do not consolidate: (i) some subsidiaries being immaterial, either individually or in the aggregate; (ii) companies whose consolidation does not produce material impacts, that are subsidiaries acting as sole-operator in the management of oil and gas contracts on behalf of companies participating in a joint project. In the latter case, the activities are financed proportionally based on a budget approved by the participating companies upon presentation of periodical reports of proceeds and expenses. Costs and revenue and other operating data (production, reserves, etc.) of the project, as well as the related obligations arising from the project, are recognised directly in the financial statements of the companies involved based on their own share. The abovementioned exclusions do not produce material 3 impacts on the Consolidated Financial Statements 4. When the proportion of the equity held by non-controlling interests changes, any difference between the consideration paid/received and the amount by which the related non-controlling interests are adjusted is attributed to Eni owners’ equity. Conversely, the sale of equity interests with loss of control determines the recognition in the profit and loss account of: (i) any gain or loss calculated as the difference between the consideration received and the corresponding transferred net assets; (ii) any gain or loss recognised as a result of the remeasurement of any investment retained in the former subsidiary at its fair value; and (iii) any amount related to the former subsidiary previously recognised in other comprehensive income which may be reclassified subsequently to the profit and loss account 5. Any investment retained in the former subsidiary is recognised at its fair value at the date when control is lost and shall be accounted for in accordance with the applicable measurement criteria. 3 According to IFRSs, information is material if omitting, misstating or obscuring it could reasonably be expected to influence decisions that the primary users of general purpose financial statements make on the basis of those financial statements. 4 Unconsolidated subsidiaries are accounted for as described in the accounting policy for “The equity method of accounting”. 5 Conversely, any amount related to the former subsidiary previously recognised in other comprehensive income, which may not be reclassified subsequently to the profit and loss account, are reclassified in another item of equity.
Interests in joint arrangements | Interests in joint arrangements Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the arrangement. Investments in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method as described in the accounting policy for “The equity method of accounting”. A joint operation is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have enforceable rights to the assets, and enforceable obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement; in the Consolidated Financial Statements, Eni recognises its share of the assets/liabilities and revenue/expenses of joint operations on the basis of its rights and obligations relating to the arrangements. After the initial recognition, the assets/liabilities and revenue/expenses of the joint operations are measured in accordance with the applicable measurement criteria. Immaterial joint operations structured through a separate vehicle are accounted for using the equity method or, if this does not result in a misrepresentation of the Company’s financial position and performance, at cost net of any impairment losses.
Investments in associates | Investments in associates An associate is an entity over which Eni has significant influence, that is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee, but is not control or joint control of those policies. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method as described in the accounting policy for “The equity method of accounting”. Consolidated companies’ financial statements are audited by external auditors who also audit the information required for the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The equity method of accounting | The equity method of accounting Investments in joint ventures, associates and immaterial unconsolidated subsidiaries, are accounted for using the equity method.6 Under the equity method, investments are initially recognised at cost, allocating it, similarly to business combinations procedures, to the investee’s identifiable assets/liabilities; any excess of the cost of the investment over the share of the net fair value of the investee’s identifiable assets and liabilities is accounted for as goodwill, not separately recognised but included in the carrying amount of the investment. If this allocation is provisionally recognised at initial recognition, it can be retrospectively adjusted within one year from the date of initial recognition, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the date of initial recognition. Subsequently, the carrying amount is adjusted to reflect: (i) the investor’s share of the profit or loss of the investee after the date of acquisition, adjusted to account for depreciation, amortization and any impairment losses of the equity-accounted entity’s assets based on their fair values at the date of acquisition; and (ii) the investor’s share of the investee’s other comprehensive income. Distributions received from an equity-accounted investee reduce the carrying amount of the investment. In applying the equity method, consolidation adjustments are considered (see also the accounting policy for “Subsidiaries”). Losses arising from the application of the equity method in excess of the carrying amount of the investment, recognised in the profit and loss account within “Income (Expense) from investments”, reduce the carrying amount, net of the related expected credit losses (see below), of any financing receivables towards the investee for which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future (the so-called long-term interests), which are, in substance, an extension of the investment in the investee. The investor’s share of any losses of an equity-accounted investee that exceeds the carrying amount of the investment and any long-term interests (the so-called net investment), is recognised in a specific provision only to the extent that the investor has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the investee. Whenever there is objective evidence of impairment (e.g. relevant breaches of contracts, significant financial difficulty, probable default of the counterparty, etc.), the carrying amount of the net investment, resulting from the application of the abovementioned measurement criteria, is tested for impairment by comparing it with the related recoverable amount, determined by adopting the criteria indicated in the accounting policy for “Impairment of non-financial assets”. When an impairment loss no longer exists or has decreased, any reversal of the impairment loss is recognised in the profit and loss account within “Income (Expense) from investments”. The impairment reversal of the net investment shall not exceed the previously recognised impairment losses. The sale of equity interests with loss of joint control or significant influence over the investee determines the recognition in the profit and loss account of: (i) any gain or loss calculated as the difference between the consideration received and the corresponding transferred share; (ii) any gain or loss recognised as a result of the remeasurement of any investment retained in the former joint venture/associate at its fair value 7; and (iii) any amount related to the former joint venture/associate previously recognised in other comprehensive income which may be reclassified subsequently to the profit and loss account 8. Any investment retained in the former joint venture/associate is recognised at its fair value at the date when joint control or significant influence is lost and shall be accounted for in accordance with the applicable measurement criteria. 6 Joint ventures, associates and immaterial unconsolidated subsidiaries are accounted for at cost less any accumulated impairment losses, if this does not result in a misrepresentation of the Company's financial position and performance. 7 If the retained investment continues to be classified either as a joint venture or an associate and so accounted for using the equity method, no remeasurement at fair value is recognised in the profit and loss account. 8 Conversely, any amount related to the former joint venture/associate previously recognised in other comprehensive income, which may not be reclassified subsequently to the profit and loss account, are reclassified in another item of equity.
Business combinations | Business combinations Business combinations are accounted for by applying the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is the sum of the acquisition-date fair value of the assets transferred, the liabilities incurred and the equity interests issued by the acquirer. The consideration transferred includes also the fair value of any assets or liabilities resulting from contingent considerations, contractually agreed and dependent upon the occurrence of specified future events. Acquisition-related costs are accounted for as expenses when incurred. The acquirer shall measure the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition-date fair values 9, unless another measurement basis is required by IFRSs. The excess of the consideration transferred over the Group’s share of the acquisition-date fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recognised, on the balance sheet, as goodwill; conversely, a gain on a bargain purchase is recognised in the profit and loss account. Any non-controlling interests are measured as the proportionate share in the recognised amounts of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets at the acquisition date excluding the portion of goodwill attributable to them (partial goodwill method).10 In a business combination achieved in stages, the purchase price is determined by summing the acquisition-date fair value of previously held equity interests in the acquiree and the consideration transferred for obtaining control; the previously held equity interests are remeasured at their acquisition-date fair value and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognised in the profit and loss account. Furthermore, on obtaining control, any amount recognised in other comprehensive income related to the previously held equity interests is reclassified to the profit and loss account, or in another item of equity when such amount may not be reclassified to the profit and loss account. If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the provisional amounts recognised at the acquisition date shall be retrospectively adjusted within one year from the acquisition date, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. The acquisition of interests in a joint operation whose activity constitutes a business is accounted for applying the principles on business combinations accounting. In this regard, if the entity obtains control over a business that was a joint operation, the previously held interest in the joint operation is remeasured at the acquisition-date fair value and the resulting gain or loss is recognized in the profit and loss account.11 9 Fair value measurement principles are described in the accounting policy for “Fair value measurements”. 10 As an alternative, IFRSs allow to use the full goodwill method, which leads to the portion of goodwill/badwill attributable to non-controlling interests being recognised; the choice of measurement basis for goodwill/badwill (partial goodwill method vs. full goodwill method) is made on a transaction-by-transaction basis. 11 If the entity acquires additional interests in a joint operation that is a business, while retaining joint control, the previously held interest in the joint operation is not remeasured.
Significant accounting estimates and judgements: investments and business combinations | Significant accounting estimates and judgements: investments and business combinations The assessment of the existence of control, joint control, significant influence over an investee, as well as for joint operations, the assessment of the existence of enforceable rights to the investee’s assets and enforceable obligations for the investee’s liabilities imply that the management makes complex judgements on the basis of the characteristics of the investee’s structure, arrangements between parties and other relevant facts and circumstances. Significant accounting estimates by management are required also for measuring the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed in a business combination at their acquisition-date fair values. For such measurement, to be performed also for the application of the equity method, Eni adopts the valuation techniques generally used by market participants taking into account the available information; for the most significant business combinations, Eni engages external independent evaluators.
Intragroup transactions | Intragroup transactions All balances and transactions between consolidated companies, and not yet realised with third parties, including unrealised profits arising from such transactions have been eliminated. Unrealised profits arising from transactions between the Group and its equity-accounted entities are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the equity-accounted entity. In both cases, unrealised losses are not eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment loss of the asset transferred.
Foreign currency translation | Foreign currency translation The financial statements of foreign operations having a functional currency other than the euro, that represents the parent’s functional currency, are translated into euros using the spot exchange rates on the balance sheet date for assets and liabilities, historical exchange rates for equity and average exchange rates for the profit and loss account and the statement of cash flows. The cumulative resulting exchange differences are presented in the separate component of Eni owners’ equity “Cumulative currency translation differences”12. Cumulative amount of exchange differences relating to a foreign operation are reclassified to the profit and loss account when the entity disposes the entire interest in that foreign operation or when the partial disposal involves the loss of control, joint control or significant influence over the foreign operation. On a partial disposal that does not involve loss of control of a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, the proportionate share of the cumulative exchange differences is reattributed to the non-controlling interests in that foreign operation. On a partial disposal of interests in joint arrangements or in associates that does not involve loss of joint control or significant influence, the proportionate share of the cumulative exchange differences is reclassified to the profit and loss account. The repayment of share capital made by a subsidiary having a functional currency other than the euro, without a change in the ownership interest, implies that the proportionate share of the cumulative amount of exchange differences relating to the subsidiary is reclassified to the profit and loss account. The financial statements of foreign operations which are translated into euros are denominated in the foreign operations’ functional currencies which generally is the U.S. dollar. The main foreign exchange rates used to translate the financial statements into the parent’s functional currency are indicated below:
|  | Annual |  | Exchange |  | Annual |  | Exchange |  | Annual |  | Exchange
|  | average |  | rate at |  | average |  | rate at |  | average |  | rate at
|  | exchange rate |  | December 31, |  | exchange rate |  | December 31, |  | exchange rate |  | December 31,
(currency amount for 1 €) |  | 2020 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2018
U.S. Dollar |  | 1.14 |  | 1.23 |  | 1.12 |  | 1.12 |  | 1.18 |  | 1.15
Pound Sterling |  | 0.89 |  | 0.90 |  | 0.88 |  | 0.85 |  | 0.88 |  | 0.89
Australian Dollar |  | 1.66 |  | 1.59 |  | 1.61 |  | 1.60 |  | 1.58 |  | 1.62
12 When the foreign subsidiary is partially owned, the cumulative exchange difference, that is attributable to the non-controlling interests, is allocated to and recognised as part of “Non-controlling interest”.
Oil and natural gas exploration, appraisal, development and production activities | Oil and natural gas exploration, appraisal, development and production activities Oil and natural gas exploration, appraisal and development activities are accounted for using the principles of the successful efforts method of accounting as described below. Acquisition of exploration rights Costs incurred for the acquisition of exploration rights (or their extension) are initially capitalised within the line item “Intangible assets” as “exploration rights — unproved” pending determination of whether the exploration and appraisal activities in the reference areas are successful or not. Unproved exploration rights are not amortised, but reviewed to confirm that there is no indication that the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount. This review is based on the confirmation of the commitment of the Company to continue the exploration activities and on the analysis of facts and circumstances that indicate the absence of uncertainties related to the recoverability of the carrying amount. If no future activity is planned, the carrying amount of the related exploration rights is recognised in the profit and loss account as write-off. Lower value exploration rights are pooled and amortised on a straight-line basis over the estimated period of exploration. In the event of a discovery of proved reserves (i.e. upon recognition of proved reserves and internal approval for development), the carrying amount of the related unproved exploration rights is reclassified to “proved exploration rights”, within the line item “Intangible assets”. Upon reclassification, as well as whether there is any indication of impairment, the carrying amount of exploration rights to reclassify as proved is tested for impairment considering the higher of their value in use and their fair value less costs of disposal. From the commencement of production, proved exploration rights are amortised according to the unit of production method (the so-called UOP method, described in the accounting policy for “UOP depreciation, depletion and amortisation”). Acquisition of mineral interests Costs incurred for the acquisition of mineral interests are capitalised in connection with the assets acquired (such as exploration potential, possible and probable reserves and proved reserves). When the acquisition is related to a set of exploration potential and reserves, the cost is allocated to the different assets acquired based on their expected discounted cash flows. Acquired exploration potential is measured in accordance with the criteria illustrated in the accounting policy for “Acquisition of exploration rights”. Costs associated with proved reserves are amortised according to the UOP method (see the accounting policy for “UOP depreciation, depletion and amortisation”). Expenditure associated with possible and probable reserves (unproved mineral interests) is not amortised until classified as proved reserves; in case of a negative result of the subsequent appraisal activities, it is written off. Exploration and appraisal expenditure Geological and geophysical exploration costs are recognised as an expense as incurred. Costs directly associated with an exploration well are initially recognised within tangible assets in progress, as “exploration and appraisal costs — unproved” (exploration wells in progress) until the drilling of the well is completed and can continue to be capitalised in the following 12‑month period pending the evaluation of drilling results (suspended exploration wells). If, at the end of this period, it is ascertained that the result is negative (no hydrocarbon found) or that the discovery is not sufficiently significant to justify the development, the wells are declared dry/unsuccessful and the related costs are written-off. Conversely, these costs continue to be capitalised if and until: (i) the well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify its completion as a producing well, and (ii) the entity is making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project; on the contrary, the capitalised costs are recognised in the profit and loss account as write-off. Analogous recognition criteria are adopted for the costs related to the appraisal activity. When proved reserves of oil and/or natural gas are determined, the relevant expenditure recognised as unproved is reclassified to proved exploration and appraisal costs within tangible assets in progress. Upon reclassification, or when there is any indication of impairment, the carrying amount of the costs to reclassify as proved is tested for impairment considering the higher of their value in use and their fair value less costs of disposal. From the commencement of production, proved exploration and appraisal costs are depreciated according to the UOP method (see the accounting policy for “UOP depreciation, depletion and amortisation”). Development expenditure Development expenditure, including the costs related to unsuccessful and damaged development wells, are capitalised as “Tangible asset in progress — proved”. Development costs are incurred to obtain access to proved reserves and to provide facilities for extracting, treating, gathering and storing the oil and gas. They are amortised, from the commencement of production, generally on a UOP basis. When development projects are unfeasible/not carried on, the related costs are written off when it is decided to abandon the project. Development costs are tested for impairment in accordance with the criteria described in the accounting policy for “Property, plant and equipment”. UOP depreciation, depletion and amortisation Proved oil and gas assets are depreciated generally under the UOP method, as their useful life is closely related to the availability of proved oil and gas reserves, by applying, to the depreciable amounts at the end of each quarter a rate representing the ratio between the volumes extracted during the quarter and the reserves existing at the end of the quarter, increased by the volumes extracted during the quarter. This method is applied with reference to the smallest aggregate representing a direct correlation between expenditures to be depreciated and oil and gas reserves. Proved exploration rights and acquired proved mineral interests are amortised over proved reserves; proved exploration and appraisal costs and development expenditure are depreciated over proved developed reserves, while common facilities are depreciated over total proved reserves. Proved reserves are determined according to U.S. SEC rules that require the use of the yearly average oil and gas prices for assessing the economic producibility; material changes in reference prices could result in depreciation charges not reflecting the pattern in which the assets’ future economic benefits are expected to be consumed to the extent that, for example, certain non-current assets would be fully depreciated within a short term. In these cases the reserves considered in determining the UOP rate are estimated on the basis of economic viability parameters, reasonable and consistent with management’s expectations of production, in order to recognise depreciation charges that more appropriately reflect the expected utilization of the assets concerned. Production costs Production costs are those costs incurred to operate and maintain wells and field equipment and are recognised as an expense as incurred. Production Sharing Agreements and service contracts Oil and gas reserves related to Production Sharing Agreements are determined on the basis of contractual terms related to the recovery of the contractor’s costs to undertake and finance exploration, development and production activities at its own risk (Cost Oil) and the Company’s stipulated share of the production remaining after such cost recovery (Profit Oil). Revenues from the sale of the lifted production, against both Cost Oil and Profit Oil, are accounted for on an accrual basis, whilst exploration, development and production costs are accounted for according to the above-mentioned accounting policies. The Company’s share of production volumes and reserves includes the share of hydrocarbons that corresponds to the taxes to be paid, according to the contractual agreement, by the national government on behalf of the Company. As a consequence, the Company has to recognise at the same time an increase in the taxable profit, through the increase of the revenue, and a tax expense. A similar scheme applies to service contracts. Plugging and abandonment of wells Costs expected to be incurred with respect to the plugging and abandonment of a well, dismantlement and removal of production facilities, as well as site restoration, are capitalised, consistent with the accounting policy described under “Property, plant and equipment”, and then depreciated on a UOP basis. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: oil and natural gas activities Engineering estimates of the Company’s oil and gas reserves are inherently uncertain. Proved reserves are the estimated volumes of crude oil, natural gas and gas condensates, liquids and associated substances which geological and engineering data demonstrate that can be economically producible with reasonable certainty from known reservoirs under existing economic conditions and operating methods. Although there are authoritative guidelines regarding the engineering and geological criteria that must be met before estimated oil and gas reserves can be categorised as “proved”, the accuracy of reserve estimates depends on a number of factors, assumptions and variables, including: (i) the quality of available geological, technical and economic data and their interpretation and judgement; (ii) projections regarding future rates of production and operating costs as well as timing and amount of development expenditures; (iii) changes in the prevailing tax rules, other government regulations and contractual conditions; (iv) results of drilling, testing and the actual production performance of Eni’s reservoirs after the date of the estimates which may drive substantial upward or downward revisions; and (v) changes in oil and natural gas prices which could affect expected future cash flows and the quantities of Eni’s proved reserves since the estimates of reserves are based on prices and costs existing as of the date when these estimates are made. Lower oil prices or the projections of higher operating and development costs may impair the ability of the Company to economically produce reserves leading to downward reserve revisions. Many of the factors, assumptions and variables involved in estimating proved reserves are subject to change over time and therefore affect the estimates of oil and natural gas reserves. Similar uncertainties concern unproved reserves. The determination of whether potentially economic oil and natural gas reserves have been discovered by an exploration well is made within a year after well completion. The evaluation process of a discovery, which requires performing additional appraisal activities on the potential oil and natural gas field and establishing the optimum development plans, can take longer, in most cases, depending on the complexity of the project and on the size of capital expenditures required. During this period, the costs related to these exploration wells remain suspended on the balance sheet. In any case, all such capitalised costs are reviewed, at least, on an annual basis to confirm the continued intent to develop, or otherwise to extract value from the discovery. Field reserves will be categorised as proved only when all the criteria for attribution of proved status have been met. Proved reserves can be classified as developed or undeveloped. Volumes are classified into proved developed reserves as a consequence of development activity. Generally, reserves are booked as proved developed at the start of production. Major development projects typically take one to four years from the time of initial booking to the start of production. Estimated proved reserves are used in determining depreciation, amortisation and depletion charges and impairment charges. Assuming all other variables are held constant, an increase in estimated proved developed reserves for each field decreases depreciation, amortisation and depletion charge under the UOP method. Conversely, a decrease in estimated proved developed reserves increases depreciation, amortisation and depletion charge.
Property, plant and equipment | Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment, including investment properties, are recognised using the cost model and stated at their purchase price or construction cost including any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. For assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use, the purchase price or construction cost comprises the borrowing costs incurred in the period to get the asset ready for use that would have been avoided if the expenditure had not been made. In the case of a present obligation for dismantling and removal of assets and restoration of sites, the initial carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment includes the estimated (discounted) costs to be incurred when the removal event occurs; a corresponding amount is recognised as part of a specific provision (see the accounting policy for “Decommissioning and restoration liabilities”). Analogous approach is adopted for present obligations to realise social projects in oil and gas development areas. Property, plant and equipment are not revalued for financial reporting purposes. Expenditures on upgrading, revamping and reconversion are recognised as items of property, plant and equipment when it is probable that they will increase the expected future economic benefits of the asset. Assets acquired for safety or environmental reasons, although not directly increasing the future economic benefits of any particular existing item of property, plant and equipment, qualify for recognition as assets when they are necessary for running the business. Depreciation of tangible assets begins when they are available for use, i.e. when they are in the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating as planned. Property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a systematic basis over their useful life. The useful life is the period over which an asset is expected to be available for use by the Company. When tangible assets are composed of more than one significant part with different useful lives, each part is depreciated separately. The depreciable amount is the asset’s carrying amount less its residual value at the end of its useful life, if it is significant and can be reasonably determined. Land is not depreciated, even when acquired together with a building. Tangible assets held for sale are not depreciated (see the accounting policy for “Assets held for sale and discontinued operations”). Changes in the asset’s useful life, in its residual value or in the pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset, are accounted for prospectively. Assets to be handed over for no consideration are depreciated over the shorter term between the duration of the concession or the asset’s useful life. Replacement costs of identifiable parts in complex assets are capitalised and depreciated over their useful life; the residual carrying amount of the part that has been substituted is charged to the profit and loss account. Non-removable leasehold improvements are depreciated over the earlier of the useful life of the improvements and the lease term. Expenditures for ordinary maintenance and repairs are recognised as an expense as incurred. The carrying amount of property, plant and equipment is derecognised on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal; the arising gain or loss is recognised in the profit and loss account.
Leases | Leases 13 14 A contract is, or contains, a lease, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration 15; such right exists whether, throughout the period of use, the customer has both the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the identified asset and the right to direct the use of the identified asset. At the commencement date of the lease (i.e. the date on which the underlying asset is available for use), a lessee recognises on the balance sheet an asset representing its right to use the underlying leased asset (hereinafter also referred as right-of-use asset) and a liability representing its obligation to make lease payments during the lease term (hereinafter also referred as lease liability).16 The lease term is the non-cancellable period of a contract, together with, if reasonably certain, periods covered by extension options or by the non-exercise of termination options. In particular, the lease liability is initially recognised at the present value of the following lease payments 17 that are not paid at the commencement date: (i) fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivable; (ii) variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate 18; (iii) amounts expected to be payable by the lessee under residual value guarantees; (iv) the exercise price of a purchase option if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and (v) payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising an option to terminate the lease. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate. The latter is determined considering the term of the lease, the frequency and currency of the contractual lease payments, as well as the features of the lessee’s economic environment (reflected in the country risk premium assigned to each country where Eni operates). After the initial recognition, the lease liability is measured on an amortised cost basis and is remeasured, normally, as an adjustment to the carrying amount of the related right-of-use asset, to reflect changes to the lease payments due, essentially, to: (i) modifications in the lease contract not accounted as a separate lease; (ii) changes in indexes or rates (used to determine the variable lease payments); or (iii) changes in the assessment of contractual options (e.g. options to purchase the underlying asset, extension or termination options). The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises: (i) the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability; (ii) any initial direct costs incurred by the lessee 19; (iii) any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives received; and (iv) an estimate of costs to be incurred by the lessee in dismantling and removing the underlying asset, restoring the site on which it is located or restoring the underlying asset to the condition required by the terms and conditions of the lease. After the initial recognition, the right-of-use asset is adjusted for any accumulated depreciation 20, any accumulated impairment losses (see the accounting policy for “Impairment of non-financial assets”) and any remeasurement of the lease liability. The depreciation charges of the right-of-use asset and the interest expenses on the lease liability directly attributable to the construction of an asset are capitalised as part of the cost of such asset and subsequently recognised in the profit and loss account through depreciation/impairments or write-off, mainly in the case of exploration assets. In the oil and gas activities, the operator of an unincorporated joint operation which enters into a lease contract as the sole signatory recognises on the balance sheet: (i) the entire lease liability if, based on the contractual provisions and any other relevant facts and circumstances, it has primary responsibility for the liability towards the third-party supplier; and (ii) the entire right-of-use asset, unless, on the basis of the terms and conditions of the contract, there is a sublease with the followers. The followers’ share of the right-of-use asset, recognised by the operator, will be recovered according to the joint operation’s contractual arrangements by billing the project costs attributable to the followers and collecting the related cash calls. Costs recovered from the followers are recognised as “Other income and revenues” in the profit and loss account and as net cash provided by operating activities in the statement of cash flows. Differently, if a lease contract is signed by all the partners, Eni recognises its share of the right-of-use asset and lease liability on the balance sheet based on its working interest. If Eni does not have primary responsibility for the lease liability, it does not recognise any right-of-use asset and lease liability related to the lease contract. When lease contracts are entered into by companies other than subsidiaries that act as operators on behalf of the other participating companies (the so-called operating companies), consistent with the provision to recover from the followers the costs related to the oil and gas activities, the participating companies recognise their share of the right-of-use assets and the lease liabilities based on their working interest, defined according to the expected use, to the extent that it is reliably determinable, of the underlying assets. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: lease transactions With reference to lease contracts, management makes significant estimates and judgements related to: (i) determining the lease term, making assumptions about the exercise of extension and/or termination options; (ii) determining the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate; (iii) identifying and, where appropriate, separating non-lease components from lease components, where an observable stand-alone price is not readily available, taking into account also the analysis performed with external experts; (iv) recognising lease contracts, for which the underlying assets are used in oil and gas activities (mainly drilling rigs and FPSOs), entered into as operator within an unincorporated joint operation, considering if the operator has primary responsibility for the liability towards the third-party supplier and the relationships with the followers; (v) identifying the variable lease payments and the related characteristics in order to include them in the measurement of the lease liability. 13 The accounting policies related to leases have been defined on the basis of IFRS 16 “Leases” effective from January 1, 2019. As allowed by the accounting standard, the new requirements have been applied without restating the comparative years. The previous accounting policies about leases required essentially that: (i) assets held under finance lease, or under arrangements that did not take the legal form of a finance lease but substantially transferred all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the leased asset, were recognised, at the commencement of the lease, at their fair value, net of grants attributable to the lessee or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments, within property, plant and equipment as a contra account to a financing payable to the lessor; and (ii) lease payments under an operating lease were recognised as an expense over the lease term. 14 As expressly provided for in IFRS 16, this accounting policy does not apply to leases to explore for and extract resources such as those for oil and gas rights, leases of land and any rights of way related to oil and gas activities. 15 The assessment of whether the contract is, or contains, a lease is performed at the inception date, that is the earlier of the date of a lease agreement and the date of commitment by the parties to the principal terms and conditions of the lease. 16 Eni applies the recognition exemptions allowed for short-term leases (for certain classes of underlying assets) and low-value leases, by recognising the lease payments associated with those leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. 17 Eni, in accordance with the practical expedient allowed by the accounting standard, does not separate non-lease components from lease components except for main contracts related to upstream activities (drilling rigs), which provide for single payments relating to both lease and non-lease components. 18 Conversely, the other kinds of variable lease payments (e.g. payments that depend on the use of an underlying leased asset) are not included in the carrying amount of the lease liability, but are recognised in the profit and loss account as operating expenses over the lease term. 19 Initial direct costs are incremental costs of obtaining a lease that would not have been incurred if the lease had not been obtained. 20 Depreciation charges are recognised on a systematic basis from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. Nevertheless, if the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term, or if the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the lessee will exercise a purchase option, the right-of-use asset is depreciated from the commencement date to the end of the useful life of the underlying asset.
Intangible assets | Intangible assets Intangible assets are identifiable non-monetary assets without physical substance, controlled by the Company and able to produce future economic benefits, and goodwill. An asset is classified as intangible when management is able to distinguish it clearly from goodwill. Intangible assets are initially recognised at cost as determined by the criteria used for tangible assets and they are not revalued for financial reporting purposes. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortised on a systematic basis over their useful life; the amount to be amortised and the recoverability of the carrying amount are determined in accordance with the criteria described in the accounting policy for “Property, plant and equipment”. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised. For the recoverability of the carrying amounts of the goodwill and other intangible assets see the accounting policy “Impairment of non-financial assets”. Costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are recognised on the balance sheet if the Company expects to recover those costs. The intangible asset arising from those costs is amortised on a systematic basis, that is consistent with the transfer to the customer of the goods or services to which the asset relates, and is tested for impairment. Costs of technological development activities are capitalised when: (i) the cost attributable to the development activity can be measured reliably; (ii) there is the intention and the availability of financial and technical resources to make the asset available for use or sale; and (iii) it can be demonstrated that the asset is able to generate probable future economic benefits. The carrying amount of intangible assets is derecognised on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal; any resulting gain or loss is recognised in the profit and loss account.
Impairment of non-financial assets | Impairment of non-financial assets Non-financial assets (tangible assets, intangible assets and right-of-use assets) are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts for those assets may not be recoverable. The recoverability assessment is performed for each cash-generating unit (hereinafter also CGU) represented by the smallest identifiable group of assets that generate cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or group of assets. Cash-generating units may include corporate assets which do not generate cash inflows independently of other assets or group of assets, allocable on a reasonable and consistent basis. Corporate assets not attributable to a single cash-generating unit are allocated to a group of cash-generating units. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is any indication of impairment, at the lowest level within the entity at which it is monitored for internal management purposes. Right-of-use assets, which generally do not generate cash inflows independently of other assets or groups of assets, are allocated to the CGU to which they belong; the right-of-use assets which cannot be fully attributed to a CGU are considered as corporate assets. The recoverability of the carrying amount of common facilities within the E&P segment is assessed by considering the set of recoverable amounts of the CGUs benefiting from the common facility. The recoverability of a CGU is assessed by comparing its carrying amount with the recoverable amount, which is the higher of the CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Value in use is the present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from continuing use of the CGU and, if significant and reliably measurable, the cash flows expected to be obtained from its disposal at the end of its useful life, after deducting the costs of disposal. The expected cash flows are determined on the basis of reasonable and supportable assumptions that represent management’s best estimate of the range of economic conditions that will exist over the remaining useful life of the cash-generating unit, giving greater weight to external evidence. The value in use of CGUs which include material right-of-use assets is calculated, normally, by ignoring lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liabilities. With reference to commodity prices, management uses the price scenario adopted for economic and financial projections and for the evaluation of investments over their entire life. In particular, for the cash flows associated with oil, natural gas and petroleum products prices (and prices derived from them), the price scenario is approved by the Board of Directors and is based on management’s planning assumptions, in the short and medium term, takes into account the projections of market analysts and, if there is a sufficient liquidity and reliability level, on the forward prices prevailing in the marketplace. For impairment test purposes, cash outflows expected to be incurred to guarantee compliance with laws and regulations regarding CO2 emissions (e.g. Emission Trading Scheme) or on a voluntary basis (e.g. cash outflows related to forestry certificates acquired or produced consistent with the Company’s decarbonization strategy – hereinafter also forestry) are taken into account. In particular, in estimating value in use, the cash outflows for forestry projects 21 are included, consistent with the targets of the decarbonization strategy, within the expected operating cash outflows; in this regard, considering that the forestry projects can be developed in countries where Eni does not carry out operating activities and given the difficulty to allocate such cash outflows, on a reasonable and consistent basis, to CGUs of the relevant segment, the related discounted cash outflows are treated as a reduction of the headroom of that specific segment. For the determination of value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted using a rate that reflects a current market assessment of the time value of money and of the risks specific to the asset that are not reflected in the estimated future cash flows. In particular, the discount rate used is the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) adjusted for the specific country risk of the CGU. These adjustments are measured considering information from external parties. WACC differs considering the risk associated with each operating segment/business where the asset operates. In particular, for the assets belonging to the Global Gas & LNG Portfolio (GGP) segment, the Chemical business and each business within the Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables segment, taking into account their different risk compared to Eni as a whole, specific WACC rates have been defined on the basis of a sample of comparable companies, adjusted to take into account the specific country-risk premium. For the other segments/businesses, a single WACC is used considering that the risk is the same to that of Eni as a whole. Value in use is calculated net of the tax effect as this method results in values similar to those resulting from discounting pre-tax cash flows at a pre-tax discount rate derived, through an iteration process, from a post-tax valuation. When the carrying amount of the CGU, including goodwill allocated thereto, determined taking into account any impairment loss of the non-current assets belonging to the CGU, exceeds its recoverable amount, the excess is recognised as an impairment loss. The impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill; any remaining excess is allocated to the other assets of the unit pro-rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the CGU, up to the recoverable amount of assets with finite useful lives. When an impairment loss no longer exists or has decreased, a reversal of the impairment loss is recognised in the profit and loss account. The impairment reversal shall not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in a subsequent period.22 21 For the recognition criteria of forestry certificates see the accounting policy for “Costs”. 22 Impairment losses recognised for goodwill in an interim period are not reversed also when, considering conditions existing in a subsequent interim period, they would have been recognised in a smaller amount or would not have been recognised. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: impairment of non-financial assets The recoverability of non-financial assets is assessed whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amounts of the assets are not recoverable. Such impairment indicators include changes in the Group’s business plans, changes in commodity prices leading to unprofitable performance, a reduced capacity utilisation of plants and, for oil and gas properties, significant downward revisions of estimated proved reserve quantities or significant increase of the estimated development and production costs. Determination as to whether and how much an asset is impaired involves management estimates on highly uncertain and complex matters such as future commodity prices, future discount rates, future development expenditure and production costs, the effects of inflation and technology improvements on operating expenses, production profiles and the outlook for global or regional market supply-and-demand conditions also with reference to the decarbonization process and the effects of changes in regulatory requirements. The definition of CGUs and the identification of their appropriate grouping for the purpose of testing for impairment the carrying amount of goodwill, corporate assets as well as common facilities within the E&P segment, require judgement by management. In particular, CGUs are identified considering, inter alia, how management monitors the entity’s operations (such as by business lines) or how management makes decisions about continuing or disposing of the entity’s assets and operations. Similar remarks are valid for assessing the physical recoverability of assets recognised on the balance sheet (deferred costs — see also the accounting policy for “Inventories”) related to natural gas volumes not withdrawn under long-term supply contracts with take-or-pay clauses. The expected future cash flows used for impairment analyses are based on judgemental assessments of future production volumes, prices and costs, considering available information at the date of review and are discounted by using a rate which considers the risks specific to the asset. For oil and natural gas properties, the expected future cash flows are estimated principally based on developed and undeveloped proved reserves including, among other elements, production taxes and the costs to be incurred for the reserves yet to be developed. When appropriate according to facts and circumstances management’s estimate could also include risk-adjusted unproved reserves. The estimate of the future amount of production is based on assumptions related to future commodity prices, lifting and development costs, field decline rates, market demand and other factors. The cash flows associated to oil and gas commodities are estimated on the basis of forward market information, if there is a sufficient liquidity and reliability level, on the consensus of independent specialised analysts and on management’s forecasts about the evolution of the supply and demand fundamentals. More details on the main assumptions underlying the determination of the recoverable amount of tangible, intangible and right-of-use assets are set out in note 14 – Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets.
Grants related to assets | Grants related to assets Government grants related to assets are recognised by deducting them in calculating the carrying amount of the related assets when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and the grants will be received.
Inventories | Inventories Inventories, including compulsory stock, are measured at the lower of purchase or production cost and net realisable value. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale, or, with reference to inventories of crude oil and petroleum products already included in binding sale contracts, the contractual selling price. Inventories which are principally acquired with the purpose of selling in the near future and generating a profit from fluctuations in price are measured at fair value less costs to sell and any subsequent changes in fair value are recognised in the profit and loss account. Materials and other supplies held for use in production are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. The cost of inventories of hydrocarbons (crude oil, condensates and natural gas) and petroleum products is determined by applying the weighted average cost method on a three-month basis, or on a different time period (e.g. monthly), when it is justified by the use and the turnover of inventories of crude oil and petroleum products; the cost of inventories of the Chemical business is determined by applying the weighted average cost on an annual basis. When take-or-pay clauses are included in long-term gas purchase contracts, pre-paid gas volumes that are not withdrawn to fulfill minimum annual take obligations are measured using the pricing formulas contractually defined. They are recognised under “Other assets” as “Deferred costs”, as a contra to “Trade and other payables” or, after settlement, to “Cash and cash equivalents”. The allocated deferred costs are charged to the profit and loss account: (i) when natural gas is actually withdrawn — the related cost is included in the determination of the weighted average cost of inventories; and (ii) for the portion which is not recoverable, when it is not possible to withdraw the previously pre-paid gas, within the contractually defined deadlines. Furthermore, the allocated deferred costs are tested for economic recoverability by comparing the related carrying amount and their net realisable value, determined adopting the same criteria described for inventories.
Financial instruments | Financial instruments Financial assets Financial assets are classified, on the basis of both contractual cash flow characteristics and the entity’s business model for managing them, in the following categories: (i) financial assets measured at amortised cost; (ii) financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (hereinafter also OCI); (iii) financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss. At initial recognition, a financial asset is measured at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable; at initial recognition, trade receivables that do not have a significant financing component are measured at their transaction price. After initial recognition, financial assets whose contractual terms give rise to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding are measured at amortised cost if they are held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows (the so-called hold to collect business model). For financial assets measured at amortised cost, interest income determined using the effective interest rate, foreign exchange differences and any impairment losses 23 (see the accounting policy for “Impairment of financial assets”) are recognised in the profit and loss account. Conversely, financial assets that are debt instruments are measured at fair value through OCI (hereinafter also FVTOCI) if they are held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets (the so-called hold to collect and sell business model). In these cases: (i) interest income determined using the effective interest rate, foreign exchange differences and any impairment losses (see the accounting policy for “Impairment of financial assets”) are recognised in the profit and loss account; (ii) changes in fair value of the instruments are recognised in equity, within other comprehensive income. The accumulated changes in fair value, recognised in the equity reserve related to other comprehensive income, is reclassified to the profit and loss account when the financial asset is derecognised. Currently the Group does not have any financial assets measured at fair value through OCI. A financial asset represented by a debt instrument that is neither measured at amortised cost nor at FVTOCI, is measured at fair value through profit or loss (hereinafter FVTPL); financial assets held for trading fall into this category. Interest income on assets held for trading contributes to the fair value measurement of the instrument and is recognised in “Finance income (expense)”, within “Net finance income (expense) from financial assets held for trading”. When the purchase or sale of a financial asset is under a contract whose terms require delivery of the asset within the time frame established generally by regulation or convention in the marketplace concerned, the transaction is accounted for on the settlement date. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits, as well as financial assets originally due, generally, up to three months, readily convertible to known amount of cash and subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Impairment of financial assets The expected credit loss model is adopted for the impairment of financial assets that are debt instruments, but are not measured at FVTPL.24 In particular, the expected credit losses are generally measured by multiplying: (i) the exposure to the counterparty’s credit risk net of any collateral held and other credit enhancements (Exposure At Default, EAD); (ii) the probability that the default of the counterparty occurs (Probability of Default, PD); and (iii) the percentage estimate of the exposure that will not be recovered in case of default (Loss Given Default, LGD), considering the past experiences and the range of recovery tools that can be activated (e.g. extrajudicial and/or legal proceedings, etc.). With reference to trade and other receivables, Probabilities of Default of counterparties are determined by adopting the internal credit ratings already used for credit worthiness and are periodically reviewed using, inter alia, back-testing analyses; for government entities (e.g. National Oil Companies), the Probability of Default, represented essentially by the probability of a delayed payment, is determined by using, as input data, the country risk premium adopted to determine WACC for the impairment review of non-financial assets. For customers without internal credit ratings, the expected credit losses are measured by using a provision matrix, defined by grouping, where appropriate, receivables into adequate clusters to which apply expected loss rates defined on the basis of their historical credit loss experiences, adjusted, where appropriate, to take into account forward-looking information on credit risk of the counterparty or clusters of counterparties.25 Considering the characteristics of the reference markets, financial assets with more than 180 days past due or, in any case, with counterparties undergoing litigation, restructuring or renegotiation, are considered to be in default. Counterparties are considered undergoing litigation when judicial/legal proceedings aimed to recover a receivable have been activated or are going to be activated. Impairment losses of trade and other receivables are recognised in the profit and loss account, net of any impairment reversal, within the line item of the profit and loss account “Net (impairment losses) reversals of trade and other receivables”. The financing receivables held for operating purposes, granted to associates and joint ventures, for which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future and which in substance form part of the entity’s net investment in these investees, are tested for impairment, first, on the basis of the expected credit loss model and, then, together with the carrying amount of the investment in the associate/joint venture, in accordance with the criteria indicated in the accounting policy for “The equity method of accounting”. In applying the expected credit loss model, any adjustments to the carrying amount of long-term interest that arise from applying the accounting policy for “The equity method of accounting” are not taken into account. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: impairment of financial assets Measuring impairment losses of financial assets requires management evaluation of complex and highly uncertain elements such as, for example, Probabilities of Default of counterparties, the assessment of any collateral or other credit enhancements, the expected exposure that will not be recovered in case of default, as well as the definition of customers' clusters to be adopted. Further details on the main assumptions underlying the measurement of expected credit losses of financial assets are provided in note 7 – Trade and other receivables. Investments in equity instruments Investments in equity instruments that are not held for trading are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, without subsequent transfer of fair value changes to profit or loss on derecognition of these investments; conversely, dividends from these investments are recognised in the profit and loss account, within the line item “Income (Expense) from investments”, unless they clearly represent a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. In limited circumstances, an investment in equity instruments can be measured at cost if it is an appropriate estimate of fair value. Financial liabilities At initial recognition, financial liabilities, other than derivative financial instruments, are measured at their fair value, minus transaction costs that are directly attributable, and are subsequently measured at amortised cost. 23 Receivables and other financial assets measured at amortised cost are presented on the balance sheet net of their loss allowance. 24 The expected credit loss model is also adopted for issued financial guarantee contracts not measured at FVTPL. Expected credit losses recognised on issued financial guarantees are not material. 25 For credit exposures arising from intragroup transactions, the recovery rate is normally assumed equal to 100% taking into account, inter alia, the Group central treasury function which supports both financial and capital needs of subsidiaries.
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting | Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting Derivative financial instruments, including embedded derivatives (see below) that are separated from the host contract, are assets and liabilities measured at their fair value. With reference to the defined risk management objectives and strategy, the qualifying criteria for hedge accounting requires: (i) the existence of an economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument in order to offset the related value changes and the effects of counterparty credit risk do not dominate the economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument; and (ii) the definition of the relationship between the quantity of the hedged item and the quantity of the hedging instrument (the so-called hedge ratio) consistent with the entity’s risk management objectives, under a defined risk management strategy; the hedge ratio is adjusted, where appropriate, after taking into account any adequate rebalancing. A hedging relationship is discontinued prospectively, in its entirety or a part of it, when it no longer meets the risk management objectives on the basis of which it qualified for hedge accounting, it ceases to meet the other qualifying criteria or after rebalancing it. When derivatives hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of the hedged items (fair value hedge, e.g. hedging of the variability in the fair value of fixed interest rate assets/liabilities), the derivatives are measured at fair value through profit and loss account. Consistently, the carrying amount of the hedged item is adjusted to reflect, in the profit and loss account, the changes in fair value of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk; this applies even if the hedged item should be otherwise measured. When derivatives hedge the exposure to variability in cash flows of the hedged items (cash flow hedge, e.g. hedging the variability in the cash flows of assets/liabilities as a result of the fluctuations of exchange rate), the effective changes in the fair value of the derivatives are initially recognised in the equity reserve related to other comprehensive income and then reclassified to the profit and loss account in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects the profit and loss account. If a hedged forecast transaction subsequently results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or a non-financial liability, the accumulated changes in fair value of hedging derivatives, recognised in equity, are included directly in the carrying amount of the hedged non-financial asset/liability (commonly referred to as a “basis adjustment”). The changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments, including any ineffective portion of changes in fair value of hedging derivatives, are recognised in the profit and loss account. In particular, the changes in the fair value of non-hedging derivatives on interest rates and exchange rates are recognised in the profit and loss account line item “Finance income (expense)”; conversely, the changes in the fair value of non-hedging derivatives on commodities are recognised in the profit and loss account line item “Other operating (expense) income”. Derivatives embedded in financial assets are not accounted for separately; in such circumstances, the entire hybrid instrument is classified depending on the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial instrument and the business model for managing it (see the accounting policy for “Financial assets”). Derivatives embedded in financial liabilities and/or non-financial assets are separated if: (i) the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative are not closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract; (ii) a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet the definition of a derivative; and (iii) the entire hybrid contract is not measured at FVTPL. Eni assesses the existence of embedded derivatives to be separated when it becomes party to the contract and, afterwards, when a change in the terms of the contract that modifies its cash flows occurs. Contracts to buy or sell commodities entered into and continued to be held for the purpose of their receipt or delivery in accordance with the Group’s expected purchase, sale or usage requirements are recognised on an accrual basis (the so-called normal sale and normal purchase exemption or own use exemption).
Offsetting of financial assets and liabilities | Offsetting of financial assets and liabilities Financial assets and liabilities are set off on the balance sheet if the Group currently has a legally enforceable right to set off and intends to settle on a net basis (or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously).
Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities | Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities Transferred financial assets are derecognised when the contractual rights to receive the cash flows from the financial assets expire or are transferred to another party. Financial liabilities are derecognised when they are extinguished, or when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired.
Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets | Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets A provision is a liability of uncertain timing or amount on the balance sheet date. Provisions are recognised when: (i) there is a present obligation, legal or constructive, as a result of a past event; (ii) it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation; and (iii) the amount of the obligation can be reliably estimated. The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation or to transfer it to third parties at the balance sheet date. The amount recognised for onerous contracts is the lower of the cost necessary to fulfill the obligations, net of expected economic benefits deriving from the contracts, and any compensation or penalties arising from failure to fulfill these obligations. Where the effect of the time value is material, and the payment date of the obligations can be reasonably estimated, provisions to be accrued are the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation at a discount rate that reflects the Company’s average borrowing rate taking into account the risks associated with the obligation. The change in provisions due to the passage of time is recognised within “Finance income (expense)”. A provision for restructuring costs is recognised only when the Company has a detailed formal plan for the restructuring and has raised a valid expectation in the affected parties that it will carry out the restructuring. Provisions are periodically reviewed and adjusted to reflect changes in the estimates of costs, timing and discount rates. Changes in provisions are recognised in the same profit and loss account line item where the original provision was charged. Contingent liabilities are: (i) possible obligations arising from past events, whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company; or (ii) present obligations arising from past events, whose amount cannot be reliably measured or whose settlement will probably not result in an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits. Contingent liabilities are not recognised in the financial statements, but are disclosed. Contingent assets, that are possible assets arising from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company, are not recognised in financial statements unless the realisation of economic benefits is virtually certain. Contingent assets are disclosed when an inflow of economic benefits is probable. Contingent assets are assessed periodically to ensure that developments are appropriately reflected in the financial statements. Decommissioning and restoration liabilities Liabilities for decommissioning and restoration costs are recognized, together with a corresponding amount as part of the related property, plant and equipment, when the Group has a legal or constructive obligation and when a reliable estimate can be made. Considering the long time span between the recognition of the obligation and its settlement, the amount recognised is the present value of the future expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation. Any change due to the unwinding of discount on provisions is recognised within “Finance income (expense)”. Such liabilities are reviewed regularly to take into account the changes in the expected costs to be incurred, contractual obligations, regulatory requirements and practices in force in the countries where the tangible assets are located. The effects of any changes in the estimate of the liability are recognised generally as an adjustment to the carrying amount of the related property, plant and equipment; however, if the resulting decrease in the liability exceeds the carrying amount of the related asset, the excess is recognised in the profit and loss account. Analogous approach is adopted for present obligations to realise social projects related to operating activities carried out by the Company. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: decommissioning and restoration liabilities, environmental liabilities and other provisions The Group holds provisions for dismantling and removing items of property, plant and equipment, and restoring land or seabed at the end of the oil and gas production activity. Estimating obligations to dismantle, remove and restore items of property, plant and equipment is complex. It requires management to make estimates and judgements with respect to removal obligations that will come to term many years into the future and contracts and regulations are often unclear as to what constitutes removal. In addition, the ultimate financial impact of environmental laws and regulations is not always clearly known as asset removal technologies and costs constantly evolve in the countries where Eni operates, as do political, environmental, safety and public expectations. The discount rate used to determine the provision and the timing of future cash outflows, as well as any related update, are based on complex managerial judgements. Decommissioning and restoration provisions, recognised in the financial statements, include, essentially, the present value of the expected costs for decommissioning oil and natural gas facilities at the end of the economic lives of fields, well-plugging, abandonment and site restoration of the Exploration & Production segment. Any decommissioning and restoration provisions associated with the other segments’ assets are generally not recognised, as the obligations, given their indeterminate settlement dates, also considering the strategy to reconvert plants in order to produce low carbon products, cannot be reliably measured. In this regard, Eni performs periodic reviews for any changes in facts and circumstances that might require recognition of a decommissioning and restoration provision. As other oil and gas companies, Eni is subject to numerous EU, national, regional and local environmental laws and regulations concerning its oil and gas operations, production and other activities. They include legislations that implement international conventions or protocols. Environmental liabilities are recognised when it becomes probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and such obligation can be reliably estimated. 26 Management, considering the actions already taken, insurance policies obtained to cover environmental risks and provisions already recognised, does not expect any material adverse effect on Eni’s consolidated results of operations and financial position as a result of such laws and regulations. However, there can be no assurance that there will not be a material adverse impact on Eni’s consolidated results of operations and financial position due to: (i) the possibility of an unknown contamination; (ii) the results of the ongoing surveys and other possible effects of statements required by applicable laws; (iii) the possible effects of future environmental legislations and rules; (iv) the effects of possible technological changes relating to future remediation; and (v) the possibility of litigation and the difficulty of determining Eni’s liability, if any, against other potentially responsible parties with respect to such litigations and the possible reimbursements. In addition to environmental and decommissioning and restoration liabilities, Eni recognises provisions primarily related to legal and trade proceedings. These provisions are estimated on the basis of complex managerial judgements related to the amounts to be recognised and the timing of future cash outflows. After the initial recognition, provisions are periodically reviewed and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. ________________________________________ 26 With reference to the environmental liabilities assumed, the expected operating costs to be incurred for managing groundwater treatment plants are not included in the estimates of environmental liabilities because it is not possible to reliably define a time horizon within which the operations of the plant will be terminated. In this regard, Eni performs periodic reviews for any changes in facts and circumstances, including changes in regulatory framework and technology, that might require the recognition of the environmental liability.
Employee benefits | Employee benefits Employee benefits are considerations given by the Group in exchange for service rendered by employees or for the termination of employment. Post-employment benefit plans, including informal arrangements, are classified as either defined contribution plans or defined benefit plans depending on the economic substance of the plan as derived from its principal terms and conditions. Under defined contribution plans, the Company’s obligation, which consists in making payments to the State or to a trust or a fund, is determined on the basis of contributions due. The liabilities related to defined benefit plans, net of any plan assets, are determined on the basis of actuarial assumptions and charged on an accrual basis during the employment period required to obtain the benefits. Net interest includes the return on plan assets and the interest cost to be recognised in the profit and loss account. Net interest is measured by applying to the liability, net of any plan assets, the discount rate used to calculate the present value of the liability; net interest of defined benefit plans is recognised in “Finance income (expense)”. Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, comprising actuarial gains and losses, resulting from changes in the actuarial assumptions used or from changes arising from experience adjustments, and the return on plan assets excluding amounts included in net interest, are recognised within the statement of comprehensive income. Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, recognised within other comprehensive income, are not reclassified subsequently to the profit and loss account. Obligations for long-term benefits are determined by adopting actuarial assumptions. The effects of remeasurements are taken to profit and loss account in their entirety.
Share-based payments | Share-based payments The line item “Payroll and related costs” includes the cost of the share-based incentive plan, consistent with its actual remunerative nature. The cost of the share-based incentive plan is measured by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments granted and the estimate of the number of shares that eventually vest; the cost is recognised on an accrual basis pro rata temporis over the vesting period, that is the period between the grant date and the settlement date. The fair value of the shares underlying the incentive plan is measured at the grant date, taking into account the estimate of achievement of market conditions (e.g. Total Shareholder Return), and is not adjusted in subsequent periods; when the achievement is linked also to non-market conditions, the number of shares expected to vest is adjusted during the vesting period to reflect the updated estimate of these conditions. If, at the end of the vesting period, the incentive plan does not vest because of failure to satisfy the performance conditions, the portion of cost related to market conditions is not reversed to the profit and loss account. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: employee benefits and share-based payments Defined benefit plans are evaluated with reference to uncertain events and based upon actuarial assumptions including, among others, discount rates, expected rates of salary increases, mortality rates, estimated retirement dates and medical cost trends. The significant assumptions used to account for defined benefit plans are determined as follows: (i) discount and inflation rates are based on the market yields on high quality corporate bonds (or, in the absence of a deep market of these bonds, on the market yields on government bonds) and on the expected inflation rates in the reference currency area; (ii) the future salary levels of the individual employees are determined including an estimate of future changes attributed to general price levels (consistent with inflation rate assumptions), productivity, seniority and promotion; (iii) healthcare cost trend assumptions reflect an estimate of the actual future changes in the cost of the healthcare related benefits provided to the plan participants and are based on past and current healthcare cost trends, including healthcare inflation, changes in healthcare utilisation, changes in health status of the participants and the contributions paid to health funds; and (iv) demographic assumptions such as mortality, disability and turnover reflect the best estimate of these future events for individual employees involved. Differences in the amount of the net defined benefit liability (asset), deriving from the remeasurements, comprising, among others, changes in the current actuarial assumptions, differences in the previous actuarial assumptions and what has actually occurred and differences in the return on plan assets, excluding amounts included in net interest, usually occur. Similar to the approach followed for the fair value measurement of financial instruments, the fair value of the shares underlying the incentive plans is measured by using complex valuation techniques and identifying, through structured judgements, the assumptions to be adopted.
Equity instruments | Equity instruments Treasury shares Treasury shares, including shares held to meet the future requirements of the share-based incentive plans, are recognised as deductions from equity at cost. Any gain or loss resulting from subsequent sales is recognised in equity. Hybrid bonds The perpetual subordinated hybrid bonds are classified in the financial statements as equity instruments considering that the issuer has the unconditional right to defer, until the date of its own liquidation, the repayment of the principal amount and the payment of accrued interest 27. Therefore, the issuer recognises the cash received from the bondholders, net of costs incurred in issuing the hybrid bonds, as an increase in Eni owners' equity; differently, the repayments of the principal amount and the payments of accrued interest (upon the arising of the related contractual payment obligation) are accounted for as a decrease in Eni owners' equity. 27 The payment of accrued interest is required upon the occurrence of events under the issuer’s control such as, for example, a distribution of dividends to shareholders.
Revenue from contracts with customers | Revenue from contracts with customers Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised on the basis of the following five steps: (i) identifying the contract with the customer; (ii) identifying the performance obligations, that are promises in a contract to transfer goods and/or services to a customer; (iii) determining the transaction price; (iv) allocating the transaction price to each performance obligation on the basis of the relative stand-alone selling prices of each good or service; and (v) recognising revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, that is when a promised good or service is transferred to a customer. A promised good or service is transferred when (or as) the customer obtains control of it. Control can be transferred over time or at a point in time. With reference to the most important products sold by Eni, revenue is generally recognised for:
| · |  | crude oil, upon shipment;
| · |  | natural gas and electricity, upon delivery to the customer;
| · |  | petroleum products sold to retail distribution networks, upon delivery to the service stations, whereas all other sales of petroleum products are recognised upon shipment; and
| · |  | chemical products and other products, upon shipment.
Revenue from crude oil and natural gas production from properties in which Eni has an interest together with other producers is recognised on the basis of the quantities actually lifted and sold (sales method); costs are recognised on the basis of the quantities actually sold. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods and/or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties. In determining the transaction price, the promised amount of consideration is adjusted for the effects of the time value of money if the timing of payments agreed to by the parties to the contract provides the customer or the entity with a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customer. The promised amount of consideration is not adjusted for the effect of the significant financing component if, at contract inception, it is expected that the period between the transfer of a promised good or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less. If the consideration promised in a contract includes a variable amount, the Company estimates the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods and/or services to a customer; in particular, the amount of consideration can vary because of discounts, refunds, incentives, price concessions, performance bonuses, penalties or if the price is contingent on the occurrence or non-occurrence of future events. If, in a contract, the Company grants a customer the option to acquire additional goods or services for free or at a discount (e.g. sales incentives, customer award points, etc.), this option gives rise to a separate performance obligation in the contract only if the option provides a material right to the customer that it would not receive without entering into that contract. When goods or services are exchanged for goods or services which are of a similar nature and value, the exchange is not regarded as a transaction which generates revenue. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: revenue from contracts with customers Revenue from sales of electricity and gas to retail customers includes the amount accrued for electricity and gas supplied between the date of the last invoiced meter reading (actual or estimated) of volumes consumed and the end of the year. These estimates consider mainly information provided by the grid managers about the volumes allocated among the customers of the secondary distribution network, about the actual and estimated volumes consumed by customers. Therefore, revenue is accrued as a result of a complex estimate based on the volumes distributed and allocated, communicated by third parties, likely to be adjusted, according to applicable regulations, within the fifth year following the one in which they are accrued. Considering the contractual obligations on the supply delivery points, revenue from sales of electricity and gas to retail customers includes costs for transportation and dispatching and in these cases the gross amount of consideration to which the Company is entitled is recognised.
Costs | Costs Costs are recognised when the related goods and services are sold or consumed during the year, when they are allocated on a systematic basis or when their future economic benefits cannot be identified. Costs associated with emission quotas, incurred to meet the compliance requirements (e.g. Emission Trading Scheme) determined on the basis of market prices, are recognised in relation to the amounts of the carbon dioxide emissions that exceed free allowances. Costs related to the purchase of the emission rights that exceed the amount necessary to meet regulatory obligations are recognised as intangible assets. Revenue related to emission quotas is recognised when they are sold. The costs incurred on a voluntary basis for the acquisition or production of forestry certificates, also taking into account the absence of an active market, are recognised in the profit and loss account when incurred. The costs for the acquisition of new knowledge or discoveries, the study of products or alternative processes, new techniques or models, the planning and construction of prototypes or, in any case, costs incurred for other scientific research activities or technological development, which cannot be capitalised (see also the accounting policy for “Intangible assets”), are included in the profit and loss account when they are incurred.
Exchange differences | Exchange differences Revenues and costs associated with transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency by applying the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the spot exchange rate on the balance sheet date and any resulting exchange differences are included in the profit and loss account within “Finance income (expense)” or, if designated as hedging instruments for the foreign currency risk, in the same line item in which the economic effects of the hedged item are recognised. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, measured at cost, are not retranslated subsequent to initial recognition. Non-monetary items measured at fair value, recoverable amount or net realisable value are retranslated using the exchange rate at the date when the value is determined.
Dividends | Dividends Dividends are recognised when the right to receive payment of the dividend is established. Dividends and interim dividends to owners are shown as changes in equity when the dividends are declared by, respectively, the shareholders’ meeting and the Board of Directors.
Income taxes | Income taxes Current income taxes are determined on the basis of estimated taxable profit. Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be paid to (recovered from) the taxation authorities, using tax rates and the tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for temporary differences arising between the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and their tax bases, based on tax rates and tax laws that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax assets are recognised when their recoverability is considered probable, i.e. when it is probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available in the same year as the reversal of the deductible temporary difference. Similarly, deferred tax assets for the carry-forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses are recognised to the extent that their recoverability is probable. The carrying amount of the deferred tax assets is reviewed, at least, on an annual basis. If there is uncertainty over income tax treatments, if the company concludes it is probable that the taxation authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment, it determines the (current and/or deferred) income taxes to be recognised in the financial statements consistent with the tax treatment used or planned to be used in its income tax filings. Conversely, if the company concludes it is not probable that the taxation authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment, the company reflects the effect of uncertainty in determining the (current and/or deferred) income taxes to be recognised in the financial statements. Relating to the taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates, and interests in joint arrangements, the related deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if the investor is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented within non-current assets and liabilities and are offset at a single entity level if related to off-settable taxes. The balance of the offset, if positive, is recognised in the line item “Deferred tax assets” and, if negative, in the line item “Deferred tax liabilities”. When the results of transactions are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, the related current and deferred taxes are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: income taxes The computation of income taxes involves the interpretation of applicable tax laws and regulations in many jurisdictions throughout the world. Although Eni aims to maintain a relationship with the taxation authorities characterised by transparency, dialogue and cooperation (e.g. by not using aggressive tax planning and by using, if available, procedures intended to eliminate or reduce tax litigations), there can be no assurance that there will not be a tax litigation with the taxation authorities where the legislation could be open to more than one interpretation. The resolution of tax disputes, through negotiations with relevant taxation authorities or through litigation, could take several years to complete. The estimate of liabilities related to uncertain tax treatments requires complex judgements by management. After the initial recognition, these liabilities are periodically reviewed for any changes in facts and circumstances. Management makes complex judgements regarding mainly the assessment of the recoverability of deferred tax assets, related both to deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses, which requires estimates and evaluations about the amount and the timing of future taxable profits.
Assets held for sale and discontinued operations | Assets held for sale and discontinued operations Non-current assets and current and non-current assets included within disposal groups, are classified as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through their continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset or the disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition. When there is a sale plan involving loss of control of a subsidiary, all the assets and liabilities of that subsidiary are classified as held for sale, regardless of whether a non-controlling interest in its former subsidiary will be retained after the sale. Non-current assets held for sale, current and non-current assets included within disposal groups that have been classified as held for sale and the liabilities directly associated with them are recognised on the balance sheet separately from other assets and liabilities. Immediately before the initial classification of a non-current asset and/or a disposal group as held for sale, the non-current asset and/or the assets and liabilities in the disposal group are measured in accordance with applicable IFRSs. Subsequently, non-current assets held for sale are not depreciated or amortised and they are measured at the lower of the fair value less costs to sell and their carrying amount. If an equity-accounted investment, or a portion of that investment meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, it is no longer accounted for using the equity method and it is measured at the lower of its carrying amount at the date the equity method is discontinued, and its fair value less costs to sell. Any retained portion of the equity-accounted investment that has not been classified as held for sale is accounted for using the equity method until disposal of the portion that is classified as held for sale takes place. Any difference between the carrying amount of the non-current assets and the fair value less costs to sell is taken to the profit and loss account as an impairment loss; any subsequent reversal is recognised up to the cumulative impairment losses, including those recognised prior to qualification of the asset as held for sale. Non-current assets classified as held for sale and disposal groups are considered a discontinued operation if they, alternatively: (i) represent a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations; (ii) are part of a disposal program of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations; or (iii) are a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. The results of discontinued operations, as well as any gain or loss recognised on the disposal, are indicated in a separate line item of the profit and loss account, net of the related tax effects; the economic figures of discontinued operations are indicated also for prior periods presented in the financial statements. If events or circumstances occur that no longer allow to classify a non-current asset or a disposal group as held for sale, the non-current asset or the disposal group is reclassified into the original line items of the balance sheet and measured at the lower of: (i) its carrying amount at the date of classification as held for sale adjusted for any depreciation, amortisation, impairment losses and reversals that would have been recognised had the asset or disposal group not been classified as held for sale, and (ii) its recoverable amount at the date of the subsequent decision not to sell.
Fair value measurements | Fair value measurements Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants (not in a forced liquidation or a distress sale) at the measurement date (exit price). Fair value measurement is based on the market conditions existing at the measurement date and on the assumptions of market participants (market-based measurement). A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place in the principal market for the asset or liability, or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market to which the entity has access, independently from the entity’s intention to sell the asset or transfer the liability to be measured. A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use. Highest and best use is determined from the perspective of market participants, even if the entity intends a different use; an entity’s current use of a non-financial asset is presumed to be its highest and best use, unless market or other factors suggest that a different use by market participants would maximise the value of the asset. The fair value of a liability, both financial and non-financial, or of the Company’s own equity instrument, in the absence of a quoted price, is measured from the perspective of a market participant that holds the identical item as an asset at the measurement date. The fair value of financial instruments takes into account the counterparty’s credit risk for a financial asset (Credit Valuation Adjustment, CVA) and the Company’s own credit risk for a financial liability (Debit Valuation Adjustment, DVA). In the absence of available market quotation, fair value is measured by using valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs. Significant accounting estimates and judgements: fair value Fair value measurement, although based on the best available information and on the use of appropriate valuation techniques, is inherently uncertain, requires the use of professional judgement and could result in expected values other than the actual ones.

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v3.20.4

Significant accounting policies, estimates and judgements (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Significant accounting policies, estimates and judgements |
Schedule of foreign exchange rates used to translate the financial statements into Parent's functional currency | The main foreign exchange rates used to translate the financial statements into the parent’s functional currency are indicated below:
|  | Annual |  | Exchange |  | Annual |  | Exchange |  | Annual |  | Exchange
|  | average |  | rate at |  | average |  | rate at |  | average |  | rate at
|  | exchange rate |  | December 31, |  | exchange rate |  | December 31, |  | exchange rate |  | December 31,
(currency amount for 1 €) |  | 2020 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2018
U.S. Dollar |  | 1.14 |  | 1.23 |  | 1.12 |  | 1.12 |  | 1.18 |  | 1.15
Pound Sterling |  | 0.89 |  | 0.90 |  | 0.88 |  | 0.85 |  | 0.88 |  | 0.89
Australian Dollar |  | 1.66 |  | 1.59 |  | 1.61 |  | 1.60 |  | 1.58 |  | 1.62

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v3.20.4

Financial assets held for trading (Tables) - Financial assets held for trading | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Financial assets |
Disclosure of financial assets held for trading |
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Bonds issued by sovereign states |  | 1,223 |  | 1,462
Other |  | 4,279 |  | 5,298
|  | 5,502 |  | 6,760
Schedule of financial assets held for trading including securities subject to lending in multiple currencies | The breakdown by currency is provided below:
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Euro |  | 3,731 |  | 4,272
U.S. dollars |  | 1,688 |  | 2,279
Other currencies |  | 83 |  | 209
|  | 5,502 |  | 6,760
Schedule of financial assets held for trading by issuing entity and credit rating |
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Euro |  | 3,731 |  | 4,272
U.S. dollars |  | 1,688 |  | 2,279
Other currencies |  | 83 |  | 209
|  | 5,502 |  | 6,760
The breakdown by issuing entity and credit rating is presented below:
|  | Nominal value |  | Fair Value |  |  |  |
|  | (€ million) |  | (€ million) |  | Rating - Moody’s |  | Rating - S&P
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Italy |  | 499 |  | 506 |  | Baa3 |  | BBB
Chile |  | 187 |  | 192 |  | A1 |  | A+
Other(*) |  | 168 |  | 172 |  | from Aaa to Baa1 |  | from AAA to A-
|  | 854 |  | 870 |  |  |  |
Floating rate bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Italy |  | 253 |  | 255 |  | Baa3 |  | BBB
Germany |  | 56 |  | 55 |  | Aaa |  | AAA
Other |  | 43 |  | 43 |  | from Aaa to Baa3 |  | from AA+ to BBB
|  | 352 |  | 353 |  |  |  |
Total quoted bonds issued by sovereign states |  | 1,206 |  | 1,223 |  |  |  |
Other Bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Quoted bonds issued by industrial companies |  | 974 |  | 992 |  | from Aa2 to Baa3 |  | from AA to BBB-
Quoted bonds issued by financial and insurance companies |  | 893 |  | 910 |  | from Aa1 to Baa3 |  | from AA+ to BBB-
Other bonds |  | 54 |  | 55 |  | from Aaa to Baa3 |  | from AAA to BBB-
|  | 1,921 |  | 1,957 |  |  |  |
Floating rate bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Quoted bonds issued by industrial companies |  | 791 |  | 787 |  | from Aa1 to Baa3 |  | from AA+ to BBB-
Quoted bonds issued by financial and insurance companies |  | 1,298 |  | 1,301 |  | from Aa1 to Baa3 |  | from AA+ to BBB-
Other bonds |  | 234 |  | 234 |  | from Aaa to Baa3 |  | from AAA to BBB-
|  | 2,323 |  | 2,322 |  |  |  |
Total other bonds |  | 4,244 |  | 4,279 |  |  |  |
Total other financial assets held for trading |  | 5,450 |  | 5,502 |  |  |  |
(*) Amounts included herein are lower than €50 million.

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v3.20.4

Trade and other receivables (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Trade and other receivables |
Schedule of analysis of trade and other receivables |
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Trade receivables |  | 7,087 |  | 8,519
Receivables from divestments |  | 21 |  | 30
Receivables from joint ventures in exploration and production activities |  | 2,293 |  | 2,637
Other receivables |  | 1,525 |  | 1,687
|  | 10,926 |  | 12,873
Schedule of credit risk exposure and expected losses relating to trade and other receivables based on internal ratings | Credit risk exposure and expected losses relating to trade and other receivables has been prepared on the basis of internal ratings as follows:
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni gas |  |  |
|  | Performing receivables |  | Defaulted |  | e luce |  |  |
(€ million) |  | Low risk |  | Medium Risk |  | High Risk |  | receivables |  | customers |  | Total |
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Business customers |  | 1,398 |  | 2,746 |  | 432 |  | 1,351 |  |  |  | 5,927 |
National Oil Companies and public administrations |  | 841 |  | 620 |  | 7 |  | 2,653 |  |  |  | 4,121 |
Other counterparties |  | 1,243 |  | 450 |  | 28 |  | 141 |  | 2,173 |  | 4,035 |
Gross amount |  | 3,482 |  | 3,816 |  | 467 |  | 4,145 |  | 2,173 |  | 14,083 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | (32) |  | (21) |  | (29) |  | (2,429) |  | (646) |  | (3,157) |
Net amount |  | 3,450 |  | 3,795 |  | 438 |  | 1,716 |  | 1,527 |  | 10,926 |
Expected loss (% net of counterpart risk mitigation factors) |  | 0.9 |  | 0.6 |  | 6.2 |  | 58.6 |  | 29.7 |  | 22.4 |
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Business customers |  | 1,922 |  | 2,882 |  | 840 |  | 1,396 |  |  |  | 7,040 |
National Oil Companies and public administrations |  | 1,201 |  | 472 |  | 244 |  | 2,710 |  |  |  | 4,627 |
Other counterparties |  | 1,646 |  | 103 |  | 381 |  | 217 |  | 2,105 |  | 4,452 |
Gross amount |  | 4,769 |  | 3,457 |  | 1,465 |  | 4,323 |  | 2,105 |  | 16,119 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | (13) |  | (4) |  | (16) |  | (2,547) |  | (666) |  | (3,246) |
Net amount |  | 4,756 |  | 3,453 |  | 1,449 |  | 1,776 |  | 1,439 |  | 12,873 |
Expected loss (% net of counterpart risk mitigation factors) |  | 0.3 |  | 0.1 |  | 1.1 |  | 58.9 |  | 31.6 |  | 20.1 |
Schedule of provision matrix |
|  | Ageing
|  | Not-past |  | from 0 |  | from 3 |  | from 6 |  | over |  |
(€ million) |  | due |  | to 3 months |  | to 6 months |  | to 12 months |  | 12 months |  | Total
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customers - Eni gas e luce: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Retail |  | 1,155 |  | 105 |  | 50 |  | 102 |  | 366 |  | 1,778
- Middle |  | 75 |  | 16 |  | 3 |  | 8 |  | 232 |  | 334
- Other |  | 61 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 61
Gross amount |  | 1,291 |  | 121 |  | 53 |  | 110 |  | 598 |  | 2,173
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | (46) |  | (23) |  | (22) |  | (57) |  | (498) |  | (646)
Net amount |  | 1,245 |  | 98 |  | 31 |  | 53 |  | 100 |  | 1,527
Expected loss (%) |  | 3.6 |  | 19.0 |  | 41.5 |  | 51.8 |  | 83.3 |  | 29.7
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customers - Eni gas e luce: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Retail |  | 991 |  | 105 |  | 60 |  | 86 |  | 376 |  | 1,618
- Middle |  | 93 |  | 29 |  | 4 |  | 14 |  | 263 |  | 403
- Other |  | 76 |  | 3 |  | 1 |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | 84
Gross amount |  | 1,160 |  | 137 |  | 65 |  | 102 |  | 641 |  | 2,105
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | (16) |  | (27) |  | (26) |  | (49) |  | (548) |  | (666)
Net amount |  | 1,144 |  | 110 |  | 39 |  | 53 |  | 93 |  | 1,439
Expected loss (%) |  | 1.4 |  | 19.7 |  | 40.0 |  | 48.0 |  | 85.5 |  | 31.6
Schedule of trade and other receivables net of valuation allowance for doubtful accounts |
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Allowance for doubtful accounts - beginning of the year |  | 3,246 |  | 3,150
Additions on trade and other performing receivables |  | 112 |  | 95
Additions on trade and other defaulted receivables |  | 231 |  | 525
Deductions on trade and other performing receivables |  | (82) |  | (119)
Deductions on trade and other defaulted receivables |  | (275) |  | (484)
Other changes |  | (75) |  | 79
Allowance for doubtful accounts - end of the year |  | 3,157 |  | 3,246
Schedule of net (impairment losses) reversals of trade and other receivables | Net (impairment losses) reversals of trade and other receivables are disclosed as follows:
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net (impairment losses) reversals of trade and other receivables |  |  |  |  |  |
New or increased provisions |  | (343) |  | (620) |  | (498)
Net credit losses |  | (36) |  | (45) |  | (37)
Reversals |  | 153 |  | 233 |  | 120
|  | (226) |  | (432) |  | (415)

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v3.20.4

Current and non-current inventories (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Current and non-current inventories |
Schedule of current and non-current inventories |
|  | December 31, |  | December 31,
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Raw and auxiliary materials and consumables |  | 706 |  | 950
Consumables for infrastructure and facility maintenance of perforation activities |  | 1,580 |  | 1,477
Finished products and goods |  | 1,603 |  | 2,284
Other |  | 4 |  | 23
|  | 3,893 |  | 4,734

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v3.20.4

Income tax receivables and payables (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Income tax receivables and payables |
Schedule of income tax receivables and payables |
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  | Receivables |  | Payables |  | Receivables |  | Payables
(€ million) |  | Current |  | Non Current |  | Current |  | Non Current |  | Current |  | Non Current |  | Current |  | Non Current
Income taxes |  | 184 |  | 153 |  | 243 |  | 360 |  | 192 |  | 173 |  | 456 |  | 454

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v3.20.4

Other assets and liabilities (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Other assets and liabilities |
Schedule of other assets and liabilities |
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  | Assets |  | Liabilities |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
(€ million) |  | Current |  | Non-current |  | Current |  | Non-current |  | Current |  | Non-current |  | Current |  | Non-current
Fair value of derivative financial instruments |  | 1,548 |  | 152 |  | 1,609 |  | 162 |  | 2,573 |  | 54 |  | 2,704 |  | 50
Contract liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | 1,298 |  | 394 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,669 |  | 456
Other Taxes |  | 450 |  | 181 |  | 1,124 |  | 26 |  | 766 |  | 223 |  | 1,411 |  | 63
Other |  | 688 |  | 920 |  | 841 |  | 1,295 |  | 633 |  | 594 |  | 1,362 |  | 1,042
|  | 2,686 |  | 1,253 |  | 4,872 |  | 1,877 |  | 3,972 |  | 871 |  | 7,146 |  | 1,611

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v3.20.4

Property, plant and equipment (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Property, plant and equipment |
Schedule of property, plant and equipment |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other tangible |  |
|  |  |  | E&P wells, |  |  |  | E&P exploration |  | E&P tangible |  | assets in |  |
|  | Land and |  | plant and |  | Other plant |  | assets and |  | assets in |  | progress and |  |
(€ million) |  | buildings |  | machinery |  | and machinery |  | appraisal |  | progress |  | advances |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year |  | 1,218 |  | 46,492 |  | 3,632 |  | 1,563 |  | 7,412 |  | 1,875 |  | 62,192
Additions |  | 12 |  | 6 |  | 229 |  | 265 |  | 3,127 |  | 768 |  | 4,407
Depreciation capitalized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |  | 100 |  |  |  | 104
Depreciation (*) |  | (55) |  | (5,642) |  | (508) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6,205)
Reversals |  | 13 |  | 183 |  | 342 |  |  |  | 98 |  | 12 |  | 648
Impairment |  | (82) |  | (1,551) |  | (972) |  |  |  | (567) |  | (582) |  | (3,754)
Write-off |  |  |  |  |  | (1) |  | (296) |  | (7) |  | (1) |  | (305)
Currency translation differences |  | (2) |  | (3,325) |  | (75) |  | (119) |  | (605) |  | (14) |  | (4,140)
Initial recognition and changes in estimates |  |  |  | 870 |  |  |  | (9) |  | 94 |  |  |  | 955
Transfers |  | 39 |  | 2,677 |  | 755 |  | (47) |  | (2,630) |  | (794) |  |
Other changes |  | (15) |  | (62) |  | (103) |  | (20) |  | 96 |  | 145 |  | 41
Net carrying amount - end of the year |  | 1,128 |  | 39,648 |  | 3,299 |  | 1,341 |  | 7,118 |  | 1,409 |  | 53,943
Gross carrying amount - end of the year |  | 4,082 |  | 136,468 |  | 28,839 |  | 1,341 |  | 11,169 |  | 2,742 |  | 184,641
Provisions for depreciation and impairments |  | 2,954 |  | 96,820 |  | 25,540 |  |  |  | 4,051 |  | 1,333 |  | 130,698
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year |  | 1,274 |  | 42,856 |  | 3,901 |  | 1,267 |  | 9,195 |  | 1,809 |  | 60,302
Additions |  | 12 |  | 144 |  | 223 |  | 508 |  | 6,170 |  | 992 |  | 8,049
Depreciation capitalized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14 |  | 202 |  |  |  | 216
Depreciation (*) |  | (60) |  | (6,435) |  | (537) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7,032)
Reversals |  | 44 |  | 65 |  | 69 |  |  |  | 65 |  | 139 |  | 382
Impairment |  | (47) |  | (659) |  | (500) |  |  |  | (669) |  | (537) |  | (2,412)
Write-off |  |  |  |  |  | (5) |  | (216) |  | (49) |  |  |  | (270)
Disposals |  | (1) |  | (3) |  | (1) |  | (22) |  | (80) |  | (6) |  | (113)
Currency translation differences |  | 2 |  | 815 |  | 21 |  | 24 |  | 181 |  | 1 |  | 1,044
Initial recognition and changes in estimates |  |  |  | 2,028 |  |  |  | 25 |  | 21 |  |  |  | 2,074
Transfers |  | 42 |  | 7,568 |  | 597 |  | (42) |  | (7,526) |  | (639) |  |
Other changes |  | (48) |  | 113 |  | (136) |  | 5 |  | (98) |  | 116 |  | (48)
Net carrying amount - end of the year |  | 1,218 |  | 46,492 |  | 3,632 |  | 1,563 |  | 7,412 |  | 1,875 |  | 62,192
Gross carrying amount - end of the year |  | 4,067 |  | 144,789 |  | 28,191 |  | 1,563 |  | 11,406 |  | 2,799 |  | 192,815
Provisions for depreciation and impairments |  | 2,849 |  | 98,297 |  | 24,559 |  |  |  | 3,994 |  | 924 |  | 130,623
Schedule of depreciation rates | The main depreciation rates used were substantially unchanged from the previous year and ranged as follows:
(%) |  |
Buildings |  | 2 – 10
Mineral exploration wells and plants |  | UOP
Refining and chemical plants |  | 3 – 17
Gas pipelines and compression stations |  | 4 – 12
Power plants |  | 4 – 5
Other plant and machinery |  | 6 – 12
Industrial and commercial equipment |  | 5 – 25
Other assets |  | 10 – 20
Schedule of stratification of the suspended wells pending final determination of proved reserves aging |
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Costs for exploratory wells suspended - beginning of the year |  | 1,246 |  | 1,101 |  | 1,263
Increases for which is ongoing the determination of proved reserves |  | 408 |  | 368 |  | 235
Amounts previously capitalized and expensed in the year |  | (226) |  | (183) |  | (61)
Reclassification to successful exploratory wells following the estimation of proved reserves |  | (48) |  | (46) |  | (297)
Disposals |  |  |  | (15) |  | (6)
Changes in the scope of consolidation |  |  |  |  |  | (58)
Reclassification to assets held for sale |  |  |  |  |  | (24)
Currency translation differences |  | (112) |  | 21 |  | 49
Costs for exploratory wells suspended - end of the year |  | 1,268 |  | 1,246 |  | 1,101
The following information relates to the stratification of the suspended wells pending final determination (ageing):
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
|  |  |  | (number of |  |  |  | (number of |  |  |  | (number of
|  |  |  | wells in Eni’s |  |  |  | wells in Eni’s |  |  |  | wells in Eni’s
|  | (€ million) |  | interest) |  | (€ million) |  | interest) |  | (€ million) |  | interest)
Costs capitalized and suspended for exploratory well activity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- within 1 year |  | 157 |  | 6.7 |  | 185 |  | 7.7 |  | 111 |  | 7.0
- between 1 and 3 years |  | 250 |  | 11.0 |  | 171 |  | 6.4 |  | 87 |  | 2.9
- beyond 3 years |  | 861 |  | 19.3 |  | 890 |  | 26.4 |  | 903 |  | 24.2
|  | 1,268 |  | 37.0 |  | 1,246 |  | 40.5 |  | 1,101 |  | 34.1
Costs capitalized for suspended wells |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- fields including wells drilled over the last 12 months |  | 157 |  | 6.7 |  | 185 |  | 7.7 |  | 111 |  | 7.0
- fields for which the delineation campaign is in progress |  | 631 |  | 14.9 |  | 556 |  | 11.3 |  | 217 |  | 4.7
- fields including commercial discoveries that proceeds to sanctioning |  | 480 |  | 15.4 |  | 505 |  | 21.5 |  | 773 |  | 22.4
|  | 1,268 |  | 37.0 |  | 1,246 |  | 40.5 |  | 1,101 |  | 34.1
Schedule of unproved mineral interests | Unproved mineral interests, comprised in assets in progress of the Exploration & Production segment, include the purchase price allocated to unproved reserves following business combinations or acquisition of individual properties. Unproved mineral interests were as follows:
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | United Arab |  |
(€ million) |  | Congo |  | Nigeria |  | Turkmenistan |  | USA |  | Algeria |  | Egypt |  | Emirates |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Book amount at the beginning of the year |  | 253 |  | 939 |  | 139 |  | 162 |  | 115 |  | 19 |  | 535 |  | 2,162
Additions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 55 |  | 2 |  |  |  | 57
Net (impairments) reversals |  | (25) |  |  |  | (134) |  | (37) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (196)
Reclassification to proved mineral interest |  |  |  |  |  | (2) |  |  |  | (61) |  | (2) |  | (25) |  | (90)
Currency translation differences |  | (25) |  | (79) |  | (3) |  | (11) |  | (9) |  | (1) |  | (42) |  | (170)
Book amount at the end of the year |  | 203 |  | 860 |  |  |  | 114 |  | 100 |  | 18 |  | 468 |  | 1,763
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Book amount at the beginning of the year |  | 769 |  | 921 |  | 77 |  | 103 |  | 77 |  | 29 |  | 502 |  | 2,478
Additions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 97 |  | 135 |  | 1 |  | 23 |  | 256
Net (impairments) reversals |  | (533) |  |  |  | 65 |  | (27) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (495)
Reclassification to proved mineral interest |  |  |  |  |  | (4) |  | (14) |  | (99) |  | (12) |  |  |  | (129)
Currency translation differences |  | 17 |  | 18 |  | 1 |  | 3 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  | 10 |  | 52
Book amount at the end of the year |  | 253 |  | 939 |  | 139 |  | 162 |  | 115 |  | 19 |  | 535 |  | 2,162

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v3.20.4

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities (Table) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities |
Summary of information about right-of-use assets |
|  | Floating |  |  |  | Naval facilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | production |  |  |  | and related logistic |  | Motorway concessions |  | Oil and gas |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | storage and |  |  |  | bases for oil |  | and service |  | distribution |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
€ million) |  | offloading vessels (FPSO) |  | Drilling rig |  | and gas transportation |  | stations |  | facilities |  | Office buildings |  | Vehicles |  | Other |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year |  | 3,153 |  | 313 |  | 497 |  | 460 |  | 6 |  | 707 |  | 32 |  | 181 |  | 5,349
Additions |  | 79 |  | 193 |  | 281 |  | 49 |  | 22 |  | 65 |  | 24 |  | 95 |  | 808
Depreciation(a) |  | (232) |  | (189) |  | (252) |  | (57) |  | (2) |  | (118) |  | (22) |  | (56) |  | (928)
Impairment losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (21) |  | (15) |  |  |  |  |  | (11) |  | (47)
Currency translation differences |  | (251) |  | (13) |  | (13) |  |  |  |  |  | (8) |  |  |  | (7) |  | (292)
Other changes |  | (77) |  | (60) |  | (67) |  | (7) |  |  |  | 6 |  | (2) |  | (40) |  | (247)
Net carrying amount at the end of the year |  | 2,672 |  | 244 |  | 446 |  | 424 |  | 11 |  | 652 |  | 32 |  | 162 |  | 4,643
Gross carrying amount at the end of the year |  | 3,107 |  | 528 |  | 927 |  | 573 |  | 29 |  | 859 |  | 65 |  | 293 |  | 6,381
Provisions for depreciation and impairment |  | 435 |  | 284 |  | 481 |  | 149 |  | 18 |  | 207 |  | 33 |  | 131 |  | 1,738
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First adoption IFRS 16 |  | 3,294 |  | 346 |  | 569 |  | 462 |  | 7 |  | 720 |  | 43 |  | 215 |  | 5,656
Reclassifications |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16 |  | 46
Reclassifications to assets held for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (13) |  | (13)
Net carrying amount at January 1, 2019 |  | 3,294 |  | 346 |  | 569 |  | 492 |  | 7 |  | 720 |  | 43 |  | 218 |  | 5,689
Additions |  | 32 |  | 192 |  | 219 |  | 54 |  | 1 |  | 108 |  | 22 |  | 56 |  | 684
Depreciation(a) |  | (240) |  | (224) |  | (272) |  | (61) |  | (1) |  | (115) |  | (23) |  | (63) |  | (999)
Impairment losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (13) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (28) |  | (41)
Currency translation differences |  | 67 |  | 6 |  | 4 |  | 2 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 3 |  | 85
Other changes |  |  |  | (7) |  | (23) |  | (14) |  | (1) |  | (9) |  | (10) |  | (5) |  | (69)
Net carrying amount at December 31, 2019 |  | 3,153 |  | 313 |  | 497 |  | 460 |  | 6 |  | 707 |  | 32 |  | 181 |  | 5,349
Gross carrying amount |  | 3,393 |  | 528 |  | 757 |  | 532 |  | 7 |  | 806 |  | 54 |  | 274 |  | 6,351
Provisions for depreciation and impairment |  | 240 |  | 215 |  | 260 |  | 72 |  | 1 |  | 99 |  | 22 |  | 93 |  | 1,002
(a) Before capitalization of depreciation of tangible assets
Summary of information about liabilities for leased assets | Liabilities for leased assets were as follows:
|  | Current portion |  |  |  |
|  | of long-term |  | Long-term |  |
(€ million) |  | lease liabilities |  | lease liabilities |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
Book amount at the beginning of the year |  | 889 |  | 4,759 |  | 5,648
Additions |  |  |  | 808 |  | 808
Decreases |  | (866) |  | (3) |  | (869)
Currency translation differences |  | (40) |  | (269) |  | (309)
Other changes |  | 866 |  | (1,126) |  | (260)
Book amount at the end of the year |  | 849 |  | 4,169 |  | 5,018
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
First adoption IFRS 16 |  | 665 |  | 4,991 |  | 5,656
Reclassifications |  | 132 |  | 36 |  | 168
Reclassifications to liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale |  | (3) |  | (10) |  | (13)
Carrying amount at January 1, 2019 |  | 794 |  | 5,017 |  | 5,811
Additions |  |  |  | 668 |  | 668
Decreases |  | (875) |  | (2) |  | (877)
Currency translation differences |  | 10 |  | 77 |  | 87
Other changes |  | 960 |  | (1,001) |  | (41)
Carrying amount at December 31, 2019 |  | 889 |  | 4,759 |  | 5,648
Summary of amounts recognized in the profit and loss account for leases | The amounts recognised in the profit and loss account consist of the following:
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
(€ million) |  |  |  |
Other income and revenues |  |  |  |
Income from remeasurement of lease liabilitiy |  | 12 |  | 6
|  | 12 |  | 6
Purchases, services and other |  |  |  |
Short-term leases |  | 67 |  | 115
Low-value leases |  | 37 |  | 39
Variable lease payments not included in the measurement of lease liabilities |  | 7 |  | 16
Capitalised direct cost associated with self-constructed assets - tangible assets |  | (2) |  | (2)
|  | 109 |  | 168
Depreciation and impairments |  |  |  |
Depreciation of RoU leased assets |  | 928 |  | 999
Capitalised direct cost associated with self-constructed assets - tangible assets |  | (96) |  | (210)
Impairment losses of RoU leased assets |  | 47 |  | 41
|  | 879 |  | 830
Finance income (expense) from leases |  |  |  |
Interests on lease liabilities |  | (347) |  | (378)
Capitalised finance expense of ROU leased assets - tangible assets |  | 7 |  | 17
Net currency translation differences on lease liabilities |  | 24 |  | (6)
|  | (316) |  | (367)

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v3.20.4

Intangible assets (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Intangible assets |
Schedule of intangible assets |
|  |  |  | Industrial patents and |  | Other |  | Intangible assets |  |  |  |
|  | Exploration |  | intellectual property |  | intangible |  | with finite useful |  |  |  |
(€ million) |  | rights |  | rights |  | assets |  | lives |  | Goodwill |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year |  | 1,031 |  | 195 |  | 568 |  | 1,794 |  | 1,265 |  | 3,059
Additions |  | 18 |  | 23 |  | 196 |  | 237 |  |  |  | 237
Amortization |  | (53) |  | (92) |  | (130) |  | (275) |  |  |  | (275)
Impairments |  | (23) |  |  |  | (7) |  | (30) |  | (24) |  | (54)
Reversals |  |  |  |  |  | 24 |  | 24 |  |  |  | 24
Write-off |  | (19) |  | (5) |  |  |  | (24) |  |  |  | (24)
Changes in the scope of consolidation |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 7 |  | 70 |  | 77
Currency translation differences |  | (66) |  |  |  | (3) |  | (69) |  | (14) |  | (83)
Other changes |  |  |  | 41 |  | (66) |  | (25) |  |  |  | (25)
Net carrying amount at the end of the year |  | 888 |  | 162 |  | 589 |  | 1,639 |  | 1,297 |  | 2,936
Gross carrying amount at the end of the year |  | 1,613 |  | 1,623 |  | 4,399 |  | 7,635 |  |  |  |
Provisions for amortization and impairment |  | 725 |  | 1,461 |  | 3,810 |  | 5,996 |  |  |  |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year |  | 1,081 |  | 221 |  | 584 |  | 1,886 |  | 1,284 |  | 3,170
Additions |  | 78 |  | 23 |  | 210 |  | 311 |  |  |  | 311
Amortization |  | (81) |  | (93) |  | (117) |  | (291) |  |  |  | (291)
Impairments |  | (19) |  |  |  | (72) |  | (91) |  | (26) |  | (117)
Write-off |  | (28) |  | (1) |  | (1) |  | (30) |  |  |  | (30)
Currency translation differences |  | 18 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 19 |  | 3 |  | 22
Other changes |  | (18) |  | 45 |  | (37) |  | (10) |  | 4 |  | (6)
Net carrying amount at the end of the year |  | 1,031 |  | 195 |  | 568 |  | 1,794 |  | 1,265 |  | 3,059
Gross carrying amount at the end of the year |  | 1,748 |  | 1,597 |  | 4,373 |  | 7,718 |  |  |  |
Provisions for amortization and impairment |  | 717 |  | 1,402 |  | 3,805 |  | 5,924 |  |  |  |
Schedule of amortization rates used | The main amortization rates used were substantially unchanged from the previous year and ranged as follows:
(%) |  |
Exploration rights |  | UOP
Transport rights of natural gas |  | 3
Other concessions, licenses, trademarks and similar items |  | 3 - 33
Service concession arrangements |  | 20 - 33
Capitalized costs for customer acquisition |  | 17 - 33
Other intangible assets |  | 4 - 20
Schedule of goodwill |
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Eni gas e luce |  | 1,046 |  | 981
Exploration & Production |  | 146 |  | 190
Refining & Marketing |  | 93 |  | 93
Corporate and Other activities |  | 11 |  |
Renewables |  | 1 |  | 1
|  | 1,297 |  | 1,265
Eni gas e luce |
Intangible assets |
Schedule of goodwill |
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Domestic market |  | 904 |  | 839
Foreign market |  | 142 |  | 142
|  | 1,046 |  | 981
Exploration rights |
Intangible assets |
Schedule of intangible assets |
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Proved licence and leasehold property acquisition costs |  | 225 |  | 291
Unproved licence and leasehold property acquisition costs |  | 653 |  | 709
Other mineral interests |  | 10 |  | 31
|  | 888 |  | 1,031

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v3.20.4

Investments (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Investments |
Schedule of equity accounted investments |
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  | Investments in |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Investments in |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | unconsolidated entities |  | Joint |  |  |  |  |  | unconsolidated entities |  | Joint |  |  |  |
(€ million) |  | controlled by Eni |  | ventures |  | Associates |  | Total |  | controlled by Eni |  | ventures |  | Associates |  | Total
Carrying amount - beginning of the year |  | 86 |  | 4,592 |  | 4,357 |  | 9,035 |  | 95 |  | 5,497 |  | 1,452 |  | 7,044
Changes in accounting policies (IAS 28) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 22
Carrying amount restated - beginning of the year |  | 86 |  | 4,592 |  | 4,357 |  | 9,035 |  | 95 |  | 5,519 |  | 1,452 |  | 7,066
Additions and subscriptions |  | 2 |  | 75 |  | 198 |  | 275 |  | 6 |  | 76 |  | 2,910 |  | 2,992
Divestments and reimbursements |  |  |  | (3) |  | (1) |  | (4) |  | (5) |  |  |  | (17) |  | (22)
Share of profit of equity-accounted investments |  | 3 |  | 21 |  | 14 |  | 38 |  | 6 |  | 80 |  | 75 |  | 161
Share of loss of equity-accounted investments |  | (2) |  | (1,399) |  | (332) |  | (1,733) |  | (10) |  | (157) |  | (17) |  | (184)
Deduction for dividends |  | (5) |  | (296) |  | (13) |  | (314) |  | (4) |  | (1,073) |  | (61) |  | (1,138)
Change in the scope of consolidation |  | 3 |  | 30 |  | 1 |  | 34 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | 1
Currency translation differences |  | (4) |  | (254) |  | (345) |  | (603) |  | 2 |  | 67 |  | 17 |  | 86
Other changes |  | (3) |  | 66 |  | (42) |  | 21 |  | (5) |  | 80 |  | (2) |  | 73
Carrying amount - end of the year |  | 80 |  | 2,832 |  | 3,837 |  | 6,749 |  | 86 |  | 4,592 |  | 4,357 |  | 9,035
Schedule of net carrying amount of equity-accounted investments | Net carrying amount related to the following companies:
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  | Net carrying |  | % of the |  | Net carrying |  | % of the
(€ million) |  | amount |  | investment |  | amount |  | investment
Investments in unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni BTC Ltd |  | 24 |  | 100.00 |  | 30 |  | 100.00
Other |  | 56 |  |  |  | 56 |  |
|  | 80 |  |  |  | 86 |  |
Joint ventures |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vår Energi AS |  | 1,144 |  | 69.85 |  | 2,518 |  | 69.60
Saipem SpA |  | 908 |  | 31.08 |  | 1,250 |  | 30.99
Unión Fenosa Gas SA |  | 242 |  | 50.00 |  | 326 |  | 50.00
Cardón IV SA |  | 199 |  | 50.00 |  | 148 |  | 50.00
Gas Distribution Company of Thessaloniki - Thessaly SA |  | 140 |  | 49.00 |  | 139 |  | 49.00
Lotte Versalis Elastomers Co Ltd |  | 51 |  | 50.00 |  | 74 |  | 50.00
PetroJunín SA |  | 50 |  | 40.00 |  | 53 |  | 40.00
Società Oleodotti Meridionali - SOM SpA |  | 32 |  | 70.00 |  |  |  |
AET - Raffineriebeteiligungsgesellschaft mbH |  | 17 |  | 33.33 |  | 35 |  | 33.33
Other |  | 49 |  |  |  | 49 |  |
|  | 2,832 |  |  |  | 4,592 |  |
Associates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Co (Takreer) |  | 2,335 |  | 20.00 |  | 2,829 |  | 20.00
Angola LNG Ltd |  | 1,039 |  | 13.60 |  | 1,159 |  | 13.60
Coral FLNG SA |  | 138 |  | 25.00 |  | 102 |  | 25.00
Finproject SpA |  | 73 |  | 40.00 |  |  |  |
Novis Renewables Holdings Llc |  | 65 |  | 49.00 |  |  |  |
United Gas Derivatives Co |  | 58 |  | 33.33 |  | 69 |  | 33.33
Novamont SpA |  |  |  |  |  | 71 |  | 25.00
Other |  | 129 |  |  |  | 127 |  |
|  | 3,837 |  |  |  | 4,357 |  |
|  | 6,749 |  |  |  | 9,035 |  |
Schedule of market value of investments listed in regulated stock markets | As of December 31, 2020, the market value of the investments listed in regulated stock markets was as follows:
|  | Saipem SpA
Number of shares held |  | 308,767,968
% of the investment |  | 31.08
Share price (€) |  | 2.205
Market value (€ million) |  | 681
Book value (€ million) |  | 908
Schedule of additional information about other investments |
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Carrying amount – beginning of the year |  | 929 |  | 919
Additions and subscriptions |  | 8 |  | 11
Change in the f air value |  | 24 |  | (3)
Divestments and reimbursements |  | (12) |  | (12)
Currency translation differences |  | (61) |  | 15
Other changes |  | 69 |  | (1)
Carrying amount – end of the year |  | 957 |  | 929

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v3.20.4

Other financial assets (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Other financial assets |
Schedule of other financial assets |
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
(€ million) |  | Current |  | Non-current |  | Current |  | Non-current
Long-term financing receivables held for operating purposes |  | 29 |  | 953 |  | 60 |  | 1,119
Short-term financing receivables held for operating purposes |  | 22 |  |  |  | 37 |  |
|  | 51 |  | 953 |  | 97 |  | 1,119
Financing receivables held for non-operating purposes |  | 203 |  |  |  | 287 |  |
|  | 254 |  | 953 |  | 384 |  | 1,119
Securities held for operating purposes |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | 55
|  | 254 |  | 1,008 |  | 384 |  | 1,174
Schedule of financial receivables net of allowance for doubtful accounts |
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Carrying amount at the beginning of the year |  | 379 |  | 430
Additions |  | 7 |  | 11
Deductions |  | (7) |  | (88)
Currency translation differences |  | (26) |  | 7
Other changes |  | (1) |  | 19
Carrying amount at the end of the year |  | 352 |  | 379
Schedule of securities per issuing entity |
|  | Amortized cost |  | Nominal value |  | Fair Value |  | Nominal rate |  |  |  | Rating - |  |
|  | (€ million) |  | (€ million) |  | (€ million) |  | of return (%) |  | Maturity date |  | Moody’s |  | Rating - S&P
Sovereign states |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed rate bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Italy |  | 24 |  | 24 |  | 25 |  | from 0.35 to 4.75 |  | from 2021 to 2030 |  | Baa3 |  | BBB
Others (*) |  | 17 |  | 17 |  | 17 |  | from 0.05 to 0.20 |  | from 2021 to 2025 |  | from Aa3 to Baa1 |  | from AA to A
Floating rate bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Italy |  | 11 |  | 11 |  | 11 |  |  |  | from 2022 to 2025 |  | Baa3 |  | BBB
Others |  | 3 |  | 3 |  | 3 |  |  |  | 2022 |  | Baa3 |  | BBB
Total sovereign states |  | 55 |  | 55 |  | 56 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(*)Amounts included herein are lower than €10 million.

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v3.20.4

Trade and other payables (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Trade and other payables |
Schedule of trade and other payables |
|  | December 31, |  | December 31,
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Trade payables |  | 8,679 |  | 10,480
Down payments and advances from joint ventures in exploration & production activities |  | 417 |  | 401
Payables for purchase of non-current assets |  | 1,393 |  | 2,276
Payables due to partners in exploration & production activities |  | 1,120 |  | 1,236
Other payables |  | 1,327 |  | 1,152
|  | 12,936 |  | 15,545

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v3.20.4

Finance debts (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Statements |
Schedule of finance debts |
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  |  |  | Current |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Current |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | portion of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | portion of |  |  |  |
|  | Short-term |  | long-term |  | Long-term |  |  |  | Short-term |  | long-term |  | Long-term |  |
(€ million) |  | debt |  | debt |  | debt |  | Total |  | debt |  | debt |  | debt |  | Total
Banks |  | 337 |  | 759 |  | 3,193 |  | 4,289 |  | 187 |  | 504 |  | 2,341 |  | 3,032
Ordinary bonds |  |  |  | 1,140 |  | 18,280 |  | 19,420 |  |  |  | 2,642 |  | 16,137 |  | 18,779
Convertible bonds |  |  |  |  |  | 396 |  | 396 |  |  |  |  |  | 393 |  | 393
Commercial papers |  | 2,233 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,233 |  | 1,778 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,778
Other financial institutions |  | 312 |  | 10 |  | 26 |  | 348 |  | 487 |  | 10 |  | 39 |  | 536
|  | 2,882 |  | 1,909 |  | 21,895 |  | 26,686 |  | 2,452 |  | 3,156 |  | 18,910 |  | 24,518
Schedule of fair value of long-term debt | Fair value of long-term debt, including the current portion of long-term debt is described below:
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Ordinary bonds |  | 22,429 |  | 19,173
Convertible bonds |  | 497 |  | 402
Banks |  | 4,008 |  | 2,904
Other financial institutions |  | 36 |  | 49
|  | 26,970 |  | 22,528
Schedule of changes in liabilities arising from financing activities |
|  | Long-term debt |  |  |  | Long-term and current |  |
|  | and current |  | Short-term |  | portion of long-term lease |  |
(€ million) |  | portion of long-term debt |  | debt |  | liabilietis |  | Total
Carrying amount at December 31, 2019 |  | 22,066 |  | 2,452 |  | 5,648 |  | 30,166
Cash flows |  | 2,178 |  | 937 |  | (869) |  | 2,246
Currency translation differences |  | (348) |  | (528) |  | (333) |  | (1,209)
Other non-monetary changes |  | (92) |  | 21 |  | 572 |  | 501
Carrying amount at December 31, 2020 |  | 23,804 |  | 2,882 |  | 5,018 |  | 31,704
Currency |
Statements |
Schedule of finance debts | The following table provides a breakdown by currency of finance debt and the related weighted average interest rates:
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  |  |  |  |  | Long term |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Long term |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | debt and |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | debt and |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | current |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | current |  |
|  | Short term |  |  |  | portion of long |  |  |  | Short term |  |  |  | portion of long |  |
|  | debt |  | Average rate |  | term debt |  | Average rate |  | debt |  | Average rate |  | term debt |  | Average rate
|  | (€ million) |  | (%) |  | (€ million) |  | (%) |  | (€ million) |  | (%) |  | (€ million) |  | (%)
Euro |  | 1,004 |  |  |  | 19,142 |  | 1.7 |  | 464 |  | 0.2 |  | 16,526 |  | 2.1
U.S. dollar |  | 1,870 |  | 1.1 |  | 4,522 |  | 4.6 |  | 1,981 |  | 2.3 |  | 5,392 |  | 4.6
Other currencies |  | 8 |  | (0.5) |  | 140 |  | 4.3 |  | 7 |  | (0.7) |  | 148 |  | 4.3
|  | 2,882 |  |  |  | 23,804 |  |  |  | 2,452 |  |  |  | 22,066 |  |
Ordinary Bonds |
Statements |
Schedule of finance debts | The following table provides a breakdown of ordinary bonds by issuing entity, maturity date, interest rate and currency as of December 31, 2020:
|  |  |  | Discount on bond |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | issue and accrued |  |  |  |  |  | Maturity |  | Rate %
(€ million) |  | Amount |  | expense |  | Total |  | Currency |  | from |  | to |  | from |  | to
Issuing entity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Euro Medium Term Notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni SpA |  | 1,200 |  | 16 |  | 1,216 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2025 |  |  |  | 3.750
Eni SpA |  | 1,000 |  | 28 |  | 1,028 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2029 |  |  |  | 3.625
Eni SpA |  | 1,000 |  | 12 |  | 1,012 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 3.250
Eni SpA |  | 1,000 |  | 10 |  | 1,010 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2031 |  |  |  | 2.000
Eni SpA |  | 1,000 |  | 9 |  | 1,009 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2026 |  |  |  | 1.500
Eni SpA |  | 1,000 |  | 2 |  | 1,002 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2030 |  |  |  | 0.625
Eni SpA |  | 1,000 |  |  |  | 1,000 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2026 |  |  |  | 1.250
Eni SpA |  | 900 |  | (2) |  | 898 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2024 |  |  |  | 0.625
Eni SpA |  | 800 |  | 2 |  | 802 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2021 |  |  |  | 2.625
Eni SpA |  | 800 |  | 1 |  | 801 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2028 |  |  |  | 1.625
Eni SpA |  | 750 |  | 10 |  | 760 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2024 |  |  |  | 1.750
Eni SpA |  | 750 |  | 6 |  | 756 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2027 |  |  |  | 1.500
Eni SpA |  | 750 |  | (4) |  | 746 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2034 |  |  |  | 1.000
Eni SpA |  | 700 |  | 2 |  | 702 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 0.750
Eni SpA |  | 650 |  | 3 |  | 653 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2025 |  |  |  | 1.000
Eni SpA |  | 600 |  | (4) |  | 596 |  | EUR |  |  |  | 2028 |  |  |  | 1.125
Eni Finance International SA |  | 1,427 |  | (3) |  | 1,424 |  | USD |  | 2026 |  | 2027 |  |  |  | variable
Eni Finance International SA |  | 795 |  | 6 |  | 801 |  | EUR |  | 2025 |  | 2043 |  | 1.275 |  | 5.441
Eni Finance International SA |  | 111 |  | 5 |  | 116 |  | GBP |  |  |  | 2021 |  |  |  | 4.750
Eni Finance International SA |  | 24 |  |  |  | 24 |  | YEN |  |  |  | 2021 |  |  |  | 1.955
|  | 16,257 |  | 99 |  | 16,356 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni SpA |  | 815 |  | 5 |  | 820 |  | USD |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 4.000
Eni SpA |  | 815 |  | 3 |  | 818 |  | USD |  |  |  | 2028 |  |  |  | 4.750
Eni SpA |  | 815 |  | (1) |  | 814 |  | USD |  |  |  | 2029 |  |  |  | 4.250
Eni SpA |  | 285 |  | 1 |  | 286 |  | USD |  |  |  | 2040 |  |  |  | 5.700
Eni USA Inc |  | 326 |  |  |  | 326 |  | USD |  |  |  | 2027 |  |  |  | 7.300
|  | 3,056 |  | 8 |  | 3,064 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 19,313 |  | 107 |  | 19,420 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible Bonds |
Statements |
Schedule of finance debts | The following table provides a breakdown of convertible bonds issued by Eni SpA as of December 31, 2020:
|  |  |  | Discount on bond |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | issue and accrued |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(€ million) |  | Amount |  | expense |  | Total |  | Currency |  | Maturity |  | Rate %
Eni SpA |  | 400 |  | (4) |  | 396 |  | EUR |  | 2022 |  | 0.000

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v3.20.4

Information on net borrowings (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Information on net borrowings |
Schedule of net borrowings | Management believes that net borrowings is a useful measure of Eni’s financial condition as it provides insight about the soundness of Eni’s capital structure and the ways by which Eni’s operating assets are financed.
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
(€ million) |  | Current |  | Non-current |  | Total |  | Current |  | Non-current |  | Total
A. Cash and cash equivalents |  | 9,413 |  |  |  | 9,413 |  | 5,994 |  |  |  | 5,994
B. Financial assets held for trading |  | 5,502 |  |  |  | 5,502 |  | 6,760 |  |  |  | 6,760
C Liquidity (A+B) |  | 14,915 |  |  |  | 14,915 |  | 12,754 |  |  |  | 12,754
D. Financing receivables |  | 203 |  |  |  | 203 |  | 287 |  |  |  | 287
E. Short-term debt towards banks |  | 337 |  |  |  | 337 |  | 187 |  |  |  | 187
F. Long-term debt towards banks |  | 759 |  | 3,193 |  | 3,952 |  | 504 |  | 2,341 |  | 2,845
G. Bonds |  | 1,140 |  | 18,676 |  | 19,816 |  | 2,642 |  | 16,530 |  | 19,172
H. Short-term financial debt towards related parties |  | 52 |  |  |  | 52 |  | 46 |  |  |  | 46
I. Other short-term financial liabilities |  | 2,493 |  |  |  | 2,493 |  | 2,219 |  |  |  | 2,219
J. Other long-term financial liabilities |  | 10 |  | 26 |  | 36 |  | 10 |  | 39 |  | 49
K. Total borrowings before lease liabilities (E+F+G+H+I+J) |  | 4,791 |  | 21,895 |  | 26,686 |  | 5,608 |  | 18,910 |  | 24,518
L. Net borrowings before lease liabilities (K-C-D) |  | (10,327) |  | 21,895 |  | 11,568 |  | (7,433) |  | 18,910 |  | 11,477
M. Lease liabilities |  | 795 |  | 4,057 |  | 4,852 |  | 884 |  | 4,751 |  | 5,635
N. Lease liabilities towards related parties |  | 54 |  | 112 |  | 166 |  | 5 |  | 8 |  | 13
O. Total borrowings including lease liabilities (K+M+N) |  | 5,640 |  | 26,064 |  | 31,704 |  | 6,497 |  | 23,669 |  | 30,166
P. Net borrowings including lease liabilities (O-C-D) |  | (9,478) |  | 26,064 |  | 16,586 |  | (6,544) |  | 23,669 |  | 17,125

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v3.20.4

Provisions (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Provisions |
Schedule of provisions for contingencies |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Provision |  |  |  |  |  | Provisions |  | and |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | for site |  |  |  |  |  | for |  | actuarial |  |  |  | Provision |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | restoration, |  |  |  |  |  | taxes |  | provisions |  | Provision |  | for |  | Provision |  | Provision |  |  |  |
|  | abandonment |  |  |  | Provision |  | other than |  | for Eni’s |  | for |  | OIL |  | for |  | for |  |  |  |
|  | and social |  | Environmental |  | for |  | income |  | insurance |  | losses on |  | insurance |  | redundancy |  | disposal and |  |  |  |
(€ million) |  | projects |  | provision |  | litigations |  | taxes |  | companies |  | investments |  | cover |  | incentives |  | restructuring |  | Other |  | Total
Carrying amount at December 31, 2019 |  | 8,936 |  | 2,602 |  | 850 |  | 199 |  | 333 |  | 188 |  | 113 |  | 70 |  | 46 |  | 769 |  | 14,106
New or increased provisions |  |  |  | 168 |  | 172 |  | 61 |  | 160 |  | 44 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 2 |  | 193 |  | 801
Initial recognition and changes in estimates |  | 955 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 955
Accretion discount |  | 190 |  | (2) |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 190
Reversal of utilized provisions |  | (252) |  | (296) |  | (526) |  | (30) |  | (237) |  |  |  |  |  | (7) |  | (14) |  | (266) |  | (1,628)
Reversal of unutilized provisions |  | (3) |  | (183) |  | (96) |  | (53) |  |  |  | (6) |  | (9) |  | (11) |  | (4) |  | (38) |  | (403)
Currency translation differences |  | (469) |  |  |  | (31) |  | (8) |  |  |  | (4) |  | (1) |  |  |  |  |  | (9) |  | (522)
Other changes |  | 5 |  | (26) |  | 15 |  | 1 |  | 2 |  | (24) |  | (8) |  |  |  | (1) |  | (25) |  | (61)
Carrying amount at December 31, 2020 |  | 9,362 |  | 2,263 |  | 385 |  | 170 |  | 258 |  | 198 |  | 95 |  | 53 |  | 29 |  | 625 |  | 13,438

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v3.20.4

Provisions for employee benefits (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Provisions for employee benefits |
Schedule of provision for employee benefits |
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Italian defined benefit plans |  | 258 |  | 269
Foreign defined benefit plans |  | 493 |  | 412
FISDE, foreign medical plans and other |  | 182 |  | 177
Defined benefit plans |  | 933 |  | 858
Other benefit plans |  | 268 |  | 278
Provision for employee benefits |  | 1,201 |  | 1,136
Schedule of present value of employee benefits, estimated by applying actuarial techniques | Present value of employee benefits, estimated by applying actuarial techniques, consisted of the following:
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  |  |  |  |  | FISDE, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | FISDE, |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | foreign |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | foreign |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Italian |  | Foreign |  | medical |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Italian |  | Foreign |  | medical |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | defined |  | defined |  | plans |  | Defined |  | Other |  |  |  | defined |  | defined |  | plans |  | Defined |  | Other |  |
|  | benefit |  | benefit |  | and |  | benefit |  | benefit |  |  |  | benefit |  | benefit |  | and |  | benefit |  | benefit |  |
(€ million) |  | plans |  | plans |  | other |  | plans |  | plans |  | Total |  | plans |  | plans |  | other |  | plans |  | plans |  | Total
Present value of benefit liabilities at beginning of year |  | 269 |  | 1,044 |  | 177 |  | 1,490 |  | 278 |  | 1,768 |  | 275 |  | 925 |  | 148 |  | 1,348 |  | 309 |  | 1,657
Current cost |  |  |  | 23 |  | 3 |  | 26 |  | 50 |  | 76 |  |  |  | 19 |  | 2 |  | 21 |  | 55 |  | 76
Interest cost |  | 2 |  | 27 |  | 2 |  | 31 |  | 1 |  | 32 |  | 4 |  | 37 |  | 3 |  | 44 |  | 1 |  | 45
Remeasurements: |  | 5 |  | 48 |  | 13 |  | 66 |  | 4 |  | 70 |  | 5 |  | 41 |  | 24 |  | 70 |  | 1 |  | 71
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions |  | (3) |  | (10) |  | 2 |  | (11) |  | 2 |  | (9) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions |  | 9 |  | 71 |  | 13 |  | 93 |  | 5 |  | 98 |  | 7 |  | 50 |  | 3 |  | 60 |  | 1 |  | 61
- experience (gains) losses |  | (1) |  | (13) |  | (2) |  | (16) |  | (3) |  | (19) |  | (2) |  | (9) |  | 21 |  | 10 |  |  |  | 10
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements |  |  |  | (2) |  |  |  | (2) |  | 20 |  | 18 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 8 |  | 9 |  | (2) |  | 7
Plan contributions: |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1
- employee contributions |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1
Benefits paid |  | (20) |  | (33) |  | (9) |  | (62) |  | (63) |  | (125) |  | (15) |  | (28) |  | (9) |  | (52) |  | (88) |  | (140)
Currency translation differences and other changes |  | 2 |  | 32 |  | (4) |  | 30 |  | (22) |  | 8 |  |  |  | 48 |  | 1 |  | 49 |  | 2 |  | 51
Present value of benefit liabilities at end of year (a) |  | 258 |  | 1,140 |  | 182 |  | 1,580 |  | 268 |  | 1,848 |  | 269 |  | 1,044 |  | 177 |  | 1,490 |  | 278 |  | 1,768
Plan assets at beginning of year |  |  |  | 632 |  |  |  | 632 |  |  |  | 632 |  |  |  | 545 |  |  |  | 545 |  |  |  | 545
Interest income |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 20
Return on plan assets |  |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 23
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements |  |  |  | (3) |  |  |  | (3) |  |  |  | (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Plan contributions: |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 14
- employee contributions |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1
- employer contributions |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 13
Benefits paid |  |  |  | (21) |  |  |  | (21) |  |  |  | (21) |  |  |  | (19) |  |  |  | (19) |  |  |  | (19)
Currency translation differences and other changes |  |  |  | (41) |  |  |  | (41) |  |  |  | (41) |  |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 49
Plan assets at end of year (b) |  |  |  | 648 |  |  |  | 648 |  |  |  | 648 |  |  |  | 632 |  |  |  | 632 |  |  |  | 632
Asset ceiling at beginning of year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5
Change in asset ceiling |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (5) |  |  |  | (5) |  |  |  | (5)
Asset ceiling at end of year (c) |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net liability recognized at end of year (a-b+c) |  | 258 |  | 493 |  | 182 |  | 933 |  | 268 |  | 1,201 |  | 269 |  | 412 |  | 177 |  | 858 |  | 278 |  | 1,136
Schedule of costs charged to profit and loss account and other comprehensive income | Costs charged to the profit and loss account, valued using actuarial assumptions, consisted of the following:
|  |  |  |  |  | FISDE, |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Italian |  | Foreign |  | foreign |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | defined |  | defined |  | medical |  | Defined |  | Other |  |
|  | benefit |  | benefit |  | plans and |  | benefit |  | benefit |  |
(€ million) |  | plans |  | plans |  | other |  | plans |  | plans |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current cost |  |  |  | 23 |  | 3 |  | 26 |  | 50 |  | 76
Past service cost and (gains) losses on settlements |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 20 |  | 21
Interest cost (income), net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- interest cost on liabilities |  | 2 |  | 27 |  | 2 |  | 31 |  | 1 |  | 32
- interest income on plan assets |  |  |  | (15) |  |  |  | (15) |  |  |  | (15)
Total interest cost (income), net |  | 2 |  | 12 |  | 2 |  | 16 |  | 1 |  | 17
- of which recognized in “Payroll and related cost” |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 1
- of which recognized in “Financial income (expense)” |  | 2 |  | 12 |  | 2 |  | 16 |  |  |  | 16
Remeasurements for long-term plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |  | 4
Total |  | 2 |  | 36 |  | 5 |  | 43 |  | 75 |  | 118
- of which recognized in “Payroll and related cost” |  |  |  | 24 |  | 3 |  | 27 |  | 75 |  | 102
- of which recognized in “Financial income (expense)” |  | 2 |  | 12 |  | 2 |  | 16 |  |  |  | 16
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current cost |  |  |  | 19 |  | 2 |  | 21 |  | 55 |  | 76
Past service cost and (gains) losses on settlements |  |  |  | 1 |  | 8 |  | 9 |  | (2) |  | 7
Interest cost (income), net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- interest cost on liabilities |  | 4 |  | 37 |  | 3 |  | 44 |  | 1 |  | 45
- interest income on plan assets |  |  |  | (20) |  |  |  | (20) |  |  |  | (20)
Total interest cost (income), net |  | 4 |  | 17 |  | 3 |  | 24 |  | 1 |  | 25
- of which recognized in “Payroll and related cost” |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 1
- of which recognized in “Financial income (expense)” |  | 4 |  | 17 |  | 3 |  | 24 |  |  |  | 24
Remeasurements for long-term plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 1
Total |  | 4 |  | 37 |  | 13 |  | 54 |  | 55 |  | 109
- of which recognized in “Payroll and related cost” |  |  |  | 20 |  | 10 |  | 30 |  | 55 |  | 85
- of which recognized in “Financial income (expense)” |  | 4 |  | 17 |  | 3 |  | 24 |  |  |  | 24
Costs of defined benefit plans recognized in other comprehensive income consisted of the following:
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  |  |  |  |  | FISDE, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | FISDE, |  |
|  | Italian |  |  |  | foreign |  |  |  | Italian |  | Foreign |  | foreign |  |
|  | defined |  | Foreign |  | medical |  |  |  | defined |  | defined |  | medical |  |
|  | benefit |  | defined |  | plans and |  |  |  | benefit |  | benefit |  | plans and |  |
(€ million) |  | plans |  | benefit plans |  | other |  | Total |  | plans |  | plans |  | other |  | Total
Remeasurements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Actuarial (gains)/losses due to changes in demographic assumptions |  | (3) |  | (10) |  | 2 |  | (11) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Actuarial (gains)/losses due to changes in financial assumptions |  | 9 |  | 71 |  | 13 |  | 93 |  | 7 |  | 50 |  | 3 |  | 60
Experience (gains) losses |  | (1) |  | (13) |  | (2) |  | (16) |  | (2) |  | (9) |  | 21 |  | 10
Return on plan assets |  |  |  | (51) |  |  |  | (51) |  |  |  | (23) |  |  |  | (23)
Change in asset ceiling |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (5) |  |  |  | (5)
|  | 5 |  | (2) |  | 13 |  | 16 |  | 5 |  | 13 |  | 24 |  | 42
Schedule of plan assets | Plan assets consisted of the following:
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Assets |  |  |  |
|  | Cash and |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | held by |  |  |  |
|  | cash |  | Equity |  | Debt |  | Real |  |  |  | Investment |  | insurance |  |  |  |
(€ million) |  | equivalents |  | securities |  | securities |  | estate |  | Derivatives |  | funds |  | company |  | Other |  | Total
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Plan assets with a quoted market price |  | 117 |  | 38 |  | 297 |  | 8 |  | 2 |  | 76 |  | 20 |  | 87 |  | 645
Plan assets without a quoted market price |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 3
|  | 117 |  | 38 |  | 297 |  | 8 |  | 2 |  | 76 |  | 23 |  | 87 |  | 648
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Plan assets with a quoted market price |  | 32 |  | 39 |  | 388 |  | 7 |  | 2 |  | 79 |  | 17 |  | 65 |  | 629
Plan assets without a quoted market price |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 3
|  | 32 |  | 39 |  | 388 |  | 7 |  | 2 |  | 79 |  | 20 |  | 65 |  | 632
Schedule of actuarial assumptions used in measurement of defined benefit liabilities and estimated cost |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | FISDE, foreign |  | Other
|  |  |  | Italian defined |  | Foreign defined |  | medical plans |  | benefit
|  |  |  | benefit plans |  | benefit plans |  | and other |  | plans
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate |  | (%) |  | 0.3 |  | 0.1-14.7 |  | 0.3 |  | 0.0-0.3
Rate of compensation increase |  | (%) |  | 1.8 |  | 1.3-12.5 |  |  |  |
Rate of price inflation |  | (%) |  | 0.8 |  | 0.8-12.2 |  | 0.8 |  | 0.8
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 |  | (years) |  |  |  | 13-26 |  | 24 |  |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate |  | (%) |  | 0.7 |  | 0.0-13.7 |  | 0.7 |  | 0.0-0.7
Rate of compensation increase |  | (%) |  | 1.7 |  | 1.3-12.5 |  |  |  |
Rate of price inflation |  | (%) |  | 0.7 |  | 0.8-11.3 |  | 0.7 |  | 0.7
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 |  | (years) |  |  |  | 13-25 |  | 24 |  |
Schedule of analysis by geographical area related to the main actuarial assumptions used in the valuation of the principal foreign defined benefit plans | The following is an analysis by geographical area related to the main actuarial assumptions used in the valuation of the principal foreign defined benefit plans:
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Foreign
|  |  |  | Euro |  | Rest |  |  |  | Other |  | defined
|  |  |  | area |  | of Europe |  | Africa |  | areas |  | benefit plans
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate |  | (%) |  | 0.4-0.8 |  | 0.1-1.4 |  | 2.6-14.7 |  | 6.4-9.8 |  | 0.1-14.7
Rate of compensation increase |  | (%) |  | 1.3-3.0 |  | 2.5-3.6 |  | 2.0-12.5 |  | 5.0-9.8 |  | 1.3-12.5
Rate of price inflation |  | (%) |  | 1.3-1.9 |  | 0.8-3.1 |  | 2.6-12.2 |  | 3.0-5.0 |  | 0.8-12.2
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 |  | (years) |  | 21-22 |  | 23-26 |  | 13-17 |  |  |  | 13-26
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate |  | (%) |  | 0.8-1.0 |  | 0.0-2.0 |  | 2.6-13.7 |  | 7.3-11.3 |  | 0.0-13.7
Rate of compensation increase |  | (%) |  | 1.3-3.0 |  | 2.5-3.6 |  | 2.0-12.5 |  | 10.0-11.3 |  | 1.3-12.5
Rate of price inflation |  | (%) |  | 1.3-2.0 |  | 0.8-3.1 |  | 2.6-11.3 |  | 3.3‑5.0 |  | 0.8-11.3
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 |  | (years) |  | 21-22 |  | 24-25 |  | 13‑17 |  |  |  | 13-25
Schedule of effect of possible changes in actuarial assumptions |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Rate of
|  |  |  |  |  | Rate |  | Rate of |  | Healthcare |  | increases to
|  |  |  |  |  | of price |  | increases in |  | cost |  | pensions in
|  | Discount rate |  | inflation |  | pensionable salaries |  | trend rate |  | payment
(€ million) |  | 0.5% Increase |  | 0.5% Decrease |  | 0.5% Increase |  | 0.5% Increase |  | 0.5% Increase |  | 0.5% Increase
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Italian defined benefit plans |  | (10) |  | 6 |  | 7 |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign defined benefit plans |  | (84) |  | 92 |  | 47 |  | 25 |  |  |  | 67
FISDE, foreign medical plans and other |  | (10) |  | 7 |  |  |  |  |  | 11 |  |
Other benefit plans |  | (3) |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Italian defined benefit plans |  | (12) |  | 13 |  | 8 |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign defined benefit plans |  | (67) |  | 77 |  | 31 |  | 18 |  |  |  | 34
FISDE, foreign medical plans and other |  | (9) |  | 10 |  |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |
Other benefit plans |  | (4) |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
Schedule of analysis by maturity date of the liabilities for employee benefit plans and their relative weighted average duration | The following is an analysis by maturity date of the liabilities for employee benefit plans and their relative weighted average duration:
|  |  |  | Foreign |  | FISDE, foreign |  |
|  | Italian defined |  | defined benefit |  | medical plans |  | Other benefit
(€ million) |  | benefit plans |  | plans |  | and other |  | plans
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 |  | 12 |  | 44 |  | 8 |  | 71
2022 |  | 13 |  | 42 |  | 7 |  | 66
2023 |  | 17 |  | 50 |  | 7 |  | 63
2024 |  | 20 |  | 63 |  | 7 |  | 16
2025 |  | 21 |  | 67 |  | 7 |  | 12
2026 and thereafter |  | 175 |  | 227 |  | 146 |  | 40
Weighted average duration (years) |  | 8.2 |  | 19.1 |  | 13.7 |  | 2.8
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2020 |  | 17 |  | 33 |  | 9 |  | 73
2021 |  | 16 |  | 35 |  | 8 |  | 68
2022 |  | 12 |  | 32 |  | 7 |  | 61
2023 |  | 10 |  | 39 |  | 7 |  | 17
2024 |  | 15 |  | 49 |  | 7 |  | 14
2025 and thereafter |  | 199 |  | 224 |  | 139 |  | 45
Weighted average duration (years) |  | 9.4 |  | 18.1 |  | 13.3 |  | 3.0

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v3.20.4

Deferred tax assets and liabilities (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |
Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities |
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Deferred tax liabilities before offsetting |  | 8,581 |  | 9,583
Deferred tax assets available for offset |  | (3,057) |  | (4,663)
Deferred tax liabilities |  | 5,524 |  | 4,920
Deferred tax assets before offsetting (net of accumulated write-down provisions) |  | 7,166 |  | 9,023
Deferred tax liabilities available for offset |  | (3,057) |  | (4,663)
Deferred tax assets |  | 4,109 |  | 4,360
Schedule of significant temporary differences to net deferred tax liabilities | The most significant temporary differences giving rise to net deferred tax assets and liabilities are disclosed below:
|  | Carrying |  | Carrying
|  | amount at |  | amount at
|  | December 31, |  | December 31,
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |  |
Accelerated tax depreciation |  | 6,171 |  | 6,796
Leasing |  | 1,089 |  | 1,375
Difference between the fair value and the carrying amount of assets acquired |  | 415 |  | 617
Site restoration and abandonment (tangible assets) |  | 199 |  | 126
Application of the weighted average cost method in evaluation of inventories |  | 56 |  | 97
Other |  | 651 |  | 572
|  | 8,581 |  | 9,583
Deferred tax assets, gross |  |  |  |
Carry-forward tax losses |  | (6,983) |  | (6,065)
Site restoration and abandonment (provisions for contingencies) |  | (2,211) |  | (2,242)
Timing differences on depreciation and amortization |  | (2,206) |  | (2,022)
Accruals for impairment losses and provisions for contingencies |  | (1,371) |  | (1,513)
Impairment losses |  | (1,213) |  | (946)
Leasing |  | (1,113) |  | (1,385)
Employee benefits |  | (213) |  | (209)
Over/Under lifting |  | (211) |  | (525)
Unrealized intercompany profits |  | (117) |  | (120)
Other |  | (593) |  | (740)
|  | (16,231) |  | (15,767)
Accumulated write-downs of deferred tax assets |  | 9,065 |  | 6,744
Deferred tax assets, net |  | (7,166) |  | (9,023)
Schedule of changes in deferred tax liabilities and assets | The following table summarizes the changes in deferred tax liabilities and assets:
|  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  | Deferred tax
|  | Deferred tax |  | Deferred tax |  | write-downs of |  | assets, net of
(€ million) |  | liabilities, gross |  | assets, gross |  | deferred tax assets |  | impairments
Carrying amount at December 31, 2019 |  | 9,583 |  | (15,767) |  | 6,744 |  | (9,023)
Additions |  | 960 |  | (2,649) |  | 2,638 |  | (11)
Deductions |  | (1,326) |  | 1,357 |  | (130) |  | 1,227
Currency translation differences |  | (725) |  | 742 |  | (192) |  | 550
Other changes |  | 89 |  | 86 |  | 5 |  | 91
Carrying amount at December 31, 2020 |  | 8,581 |  | (16,231) |  | 9,065 |  | (7,166)
Carrying amount at December 31, 2018 |  | 7,956 |  | (13,356) |  | 5,741 |  | (7,615)
Changes in accounting policies (IFRS 16) |  | 1,470 |  | (1,470) |  |  |  | (1,470)
Carrying amount at January 1, 2019 |  | 9,426 |  | (14,826) |  | 5,741 |  | (9,085)
Additions |  | 1,265 |  | (2,091) |  | 1,161 |  | (930)
Deductions |  | (1,205) |  | 1,407 |  | (174) |  | 1,233
Currency translation differences |  | 194 |  | (182) |  | 34 |  | (148)
Other changes |  | (97) |  | (75) |  | (18) |  | (93)
Carrying amount at December 31, 2019 |  | 9,583 |  | (15,767) |  | 6,744 |  | (9,023)

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v3.20.4

Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |
Schedule of derivative financial instruments |
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  | Fair value |  | Fair value |  | Level of Fair |  | Fair value |  | Fair value |  | Level of Fair
(€ million) |  | asset |  | liability |  | value |  | asset |  | liability |  | value
Non-hedging derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives on exchange rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Currency swap |  | 125 |  | 127 |  | 2 |  | 97 |  | 43 |  | 2
- Interest currency swap |  | 128 |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | 26 |  |  |  | 2
- Outright |  | 4 |  | 7 |  | 2 |  | 8 |  | 5 |  | 2
|  | 257 |  | 136 |  |  |  | 131 |  | 48 |  |
Derivatives on interest rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Interest rate swap |  | 23 |  | 74 |  | 2 |  | 13 |  | 34 |  | 2
|  | 23 |  | 74 |  |  |  | 13 |  | 34 |  |
Derivatives on commodities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Future |  | 418 |  | 447 |  | 1 |  | 192 |  | 181 |  | 1
- Over the counter |  | 89 |  | 77 |  | 2 |  | 89 |  | 58 |  | 2
- Other |  | 5 |  |  |  | 2 |  | 12 |  |  |  | 2
|  | 512 |  | 524 |  |  |  | 293 |  | 239 |  |
|  | 792 |  | 734 |  |  |  | 437 |  | 321 |  |
Trading derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives on commodities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Over the counter |  | 1,167 |  | 1,451 |  | 2 |  | 2,387 |  | 1,953 |  | 2
- Future |  | 440 |  | 525 |  | 1 |  | 348 |  | 313 |  | 1
- Options |  | 4 |  | 3 |  | 2 |  | 21 |  | 22 |  | 2
|  | 1,611 |  | 1,979 |  |  |  | 2,756 |  | 2,288 |  |
Cash flow hedge derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives on commodities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Over the counter |  | 209 |  | 30 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  | 596 |  | 2
- Future |  | 119 |  | 8 |  | 1 |  | 34 |  | 148 |  | 1
- Options |  |  |  | 51 |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |  | 2
|  | 328 |  | 89 |  |  |  | 35 |  | 746 |  |
Option embedded in convertible bonds |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | 11 |  | 11 |  | 2
Gross amount |  | 2,733 |  | 2,804 |  |  |  | 3,239 |  | 3,366 |  |
Offsetting |  | (1,033) |  | (1,033) |  |  |  | (612) |  | (612) |  |
Net amount |  | 1,700 |  | 1,771 |  |  |  | 2,627 |  | 2,754 |  |
Of which: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- current |  | 1,548 |  | 1,609 |  |  |  | 2,573 |  | 2,704 |  |
- non-current |  | 152 |  | 162 |  |  |  | 54 |  | 50 |  |
Schedule of hedging derivative instruments | Hedging derivative instruments are disclosed below:
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  | Nominal |  | Change in |  | Change in |  | Nominal |  | Change in |  | Change in
|  | amount of |  | fair value |  | fair value |  | amount of |  | fair value |  | fair value
|  | the hedging |  | (effective |  | (ineffective |  | the hedging |  | (effective |  | (ineffective
(€ million) |  | instrument |  | hedge) |  | hedge) |  | instrument |  | hedge) |  | hedge)
Cash flow hedge derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives on commodity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Over the counter |  | 821 |  | (438) |  |  |  | 2,179 |  | (1,357) |  | (2)
- Future |  | 541 |  | 158 |  | (1) |  | 1,245 |  | (61) |  |
|  | 1,362 |  | (280) |  | (1) |  | 3,424 |  | (1,418) |  | (2)
Schedule of breakdown of underlying asset or liability under cash flow hedge | The breakdown of the underlying asset or liability by type of risk hedged under cash flow hedge is provided below:
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  | Change of the |  |  |  |  |  | Change of the |  |  |  |
|  | underlying |  |  |  |  |  | underlying |  |  |  |
|  | asset used for |  |  |  |  |  | asset used for |  |  |  |
|  | the calculation |  |  |  |  |  | the calculation |  |  |  |
|  | of hedging |  | CFH |  | Reclassification |  | of hedging |  | CFH |  | Reclassification
(€ million) |  | ineffectiveness |  | reserve |  | adjustments |  | ineffectiveness |  | reserve |  | adjustments
Cash flow hedge derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity price risk |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Planned sales |  | 284 |  | (7) |  | (941) |  | 1,444 |  | (656) |  | (739)
|  | 284 |  | (7) |  | (941) |  | 1,444 |  | (656) |  | (739)
Schedule of effects recognized in other operating profit (loss) | Other operating profit (loss) related to derivative financial instruments on commodity was as follows:
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income (loss) on cash flow hedging derivatives |  | (1) |  | (2) |  |
Net income (loss) on other derivatives |  | (765) |  | 289 |  | 129
|  | (766) |  | 287 |  | 129
Schedule of effects recognized in finance income (loss) |
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Derivatives on exchange rate |  | 391 |  | 9 |  | (329)
Derivatives on interest rate |  | (40) |  | (23) |  | 22
|  | 351 |  | (14) |  | (307)

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v3.20.4

Equity (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Equity |
Schedule of equity attributable to equity holders of Eni |
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Share capital |  | 4,005 |  | 4,005
Retained earnings |  | 34,043 |  | 35,894
Cumulative currency translation differences |  | 3,895 |  | 7,209
Other reserves and equity instruments: |  |  |  |
- Perpetual subordinated bonds |  | 3,000 |  |
- Legal reserve |  | 959 |  | 959
- Reserve for treasury shares |  | 581 |  | 981
- Reserve for OCI on cash flow hedging derivatives net of the tax effect |  | (5) |  | (465)
- Reserve for OCI on defined benefit plans net of tax effect |  | (165) |  | (173)
- Reserve for OCI on equity-accounted investments |  | 92 |  | 60
- Reserve for OCI on other investments valued at fair value |  | 36 |  | 12
- Other reserves |  | 190 |  | 190
Treasury shares |  | (581) |  | (981)
Net profit (loss) for the year |  | (8,635) |  | 148
|  | 37,415 |  | 47,839
Schedule of other comprehensive income reserves |
|  | Reserve for OCI on cash flow hedge |  | Reserve for OCI on |  |  |  |
|  | derivatives |  | defined benefit plans* |  | Reserve for |  | Reserve for
|  |  |  | Deferred |  |  |  |  |  | Deferred |  |  |  | OCI equity- |  | OCI on
|  | Gross |  | tax |  | Net |  | Gross |  | tax |  | Net |  | accounted |  | Investments
(€ million) |  | reserve |  | liabilities |  | reserve |  | reserve |  | liabilities |  | reserve |  | investments |  | fair value
Reserve as of December 31, 2019 |  | (656) |  | 191 |  | (465) |  | (190) |  | 17 |  | (173) |  | 60 |  | 12
Changes of the year |  | (280) |  | 81 |  | (199) |  | (16) |  | 25 |  | 9 |  | 32 |  | 24
Foreign currency translation differences |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6) |  | 5 |  | (1) |  |  |  |
Reversal to inventories adjustments |  | (12) |  | 3 |  | (9) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reclassification adjustments |  | 941 |  | (273) |  | 668 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reserve as of December 31, 2020 |  | (7) |  | 2 |  | (5) |  | (212) |  | 47 |  | (165) |  | 92 |  | 36
Reserve as of December 31, 2018 |  | (13) |  | 4 |  | (9) |  | (143) |  | 13 |  | (130) |  | 66 |  | 15
Changes of the year |  | (1,418) |  | 411 |  | (1,007) |  | (49) |  | 5 |  | (44) |  | (6) |  | (3)
Foreign currency translation differences |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3) |  |  |  | (3) |  |  |  |
Change in scope of consolidation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | (1) |  | 4 |  |  |  |
Reversal to inventories adjustments |  | 36 |  | (10) |  | 26 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reclassification adjustments |  | 739 |  | (214) |  | 525 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reserve as of December 31, 2019 |  | (656) |  | 191 |  | (465) |  | (190) |  | 17 |  | (173) |  | 60 |  | 12
* OCI for defined benefit plans at December 31, 2020 includes €7 million relating to equity-accounted investments (€7 million at December 31, 2019)
Schedule of reconciliation of net profit and equity attributable to Eni of the parent company Eni SpA to consolidated net profit and equity attributable to Eni | Reconciliation of net profit and equity attributable to Eni of the parent company Eni SpA to consolidated net profit and equity attributable to Eni
|  |  |  |  |  | Shareholders’ equity
|  | Net profit |  | December 31, |  | December 31,
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
As recorded in Eni SpA’s Financial Statements |  | 1,607 |  | 2,978 |  | 44,707 |  | 41,636
Excess of net equity stated in the separate accounts of consolidated subsidiaries over the corresponding carrying amounts of the parent company |  | (10,660) |  | (2,800) |  | (8,839) |  | 5,211
Consolidation adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- difference between purchase cost and underlying carrying amounts of net equity |  | (6) |  | (6) |  | 193 |  | 202
- adjustments to comply with Group accounting policies |  | 264 |  | (348) |  | 2,086 |  | 1,424
- elimination of unrealized intercompany profits |  | 88 |  | (74) |  | (478) |  | (593)
- deferred taxation |  | 79 |  | 405 |  | (176) |  | 20
|  | (8,628) |  | 155 |  | 37,493 |  | 47,900
Non-controlling interest |  | (7) |  | (7) |  | (78) |  | (61)
As recorded in Consolidated Financial Statements |  | (8,635) |  | 148 |  | 37,415 |  | 47,839

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v3.20.4

Other information (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Other information |
Schedule of other information |
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Investment in consolidated subsidiaries and businesses |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  | 15 |  | 1 |  | 44
Non-current assets |  | 193 |  | 12 |  | 198
Net borrowings |  | (64) |  |  |  | 11
Current and non-current liabilities |  | (17) |  | (6) |  | (47)
Net effect of investments |  | 127 |  | 7 |  | 206
Fair value of investments held before the acquisition of control |  |  |  |  |  | (50)
Non-controlling interests |  | (15) |  | (2) |  |
Gain on a bargain purchase |  |  |  |  |  | (8)
Purchase price |  | 112 |  | 5 |  | 148
less: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | (3) |  |  |  | (29)
Consolidated subsidiaries and businesses net of cash and cash equivalent acquired |  | 109 |  | 5 |  | 119
Disposal of consolidated subsidiaries and businesses |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  | 77 |  | 328
Non-current assets |  |  |  | 188 |  | 5,079
Net borrowings |  |  |  | 11 |  | 785
Current and non-current liabilities |  |  |  | (57) |  | (3,470)
Net effect of disposals |  |  |  | 219 |  | 2,722
Reclassification of foreign currency translation differences among other items of comprehensive income |  |  |  | (24) |  | 113
Fair value of share capital held after the sale of control |  |  |  |  |  | (3,498)
Fair value valuation for business combination |  |  |  |  |  | 889
Gain (loss) on disposal |  |  |  | 16 |  | 13
Selling price |  |  |  | 211 |  | 239
less: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  | (24) |  | (286)
Consolidated subsidiaries and businesses net of cash and cash equivalent disposed of |  |  |  | 187 |  | (47)

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v3.20.4

Guarantees, commitments and risks (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Schedule of guarantees |
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Consolidated subsidiaries |  | 4,758 |  | 4,323
Unconsolidated subsidiaries |  | 176 |  | 197
Joint ventures and associates |  | 3,800 |  | 4,075
Others |  | 150 |  | 267
|  | 8,884 |  | 8,862
Schedule of commitments and risks |
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Commitments |  | 69,998 |  | 74,338
Risks |  | 600 |  | 676
|  | 70,598 |  | 75,014
Schedule of expected payments for finance debts and lease liabilities | The tables below summarize the Group main contractual obligations for finance debt and lease liability repayments, including expected payments for interest charges and derivatives.
|  | Maturity year
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2026 and |  |
(€ million) |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | thereafter |  | Total
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-current financial liabilities (including the current portion) |  | 1,697 |  | 1,518 |  | 3,469 |  | 2,049 |  | 2,730 |  | 12,232 |  | 23,695
Current financial liabilities |  | 2,882 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,882
Lease liabilities |  | 815 |  | 593 |  | 503 |  | 442 |  | 413 |  | 2,218 |  | 4,984
Fair value of derivative instruments |  | 1,609 |  | 26 |  | 13 |  | 50 |  |  |  | 73 |  | 1,771
|  | 7,003 |  | 2,137 |  | 3,985 |  | 2,541 |  | 3,143 |  | 14,523 |  | 33,332
Interest on finance debt |  | 502 |  | 473 |  | 461 |  | 387 |  | 360 |  | 1,164 |  | 3,347
Interest on lease liabilities |  | 295 |  | 252 |  | 219 |  | 192 |  | 165 |  | 748 |  | 1,871
|  | 797 |  | 725 |  | 680 |  | 579 |  | 525 |  | 1,912 |  | 5,218
Financial guarantees |  | 1,072 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,072
|  | Maturity year
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2025 and |  |
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | thereafter |  | Total
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-current financial liabilities (including the current portion) |  | 2,908 |  | 1,704 |  | 1,259 |  | 2,743 |  | 1,785 |  | 11,521 |  | 21,920
Current financial liabilities |  | 2,452 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,452
Lease liabilities |  | 884 |  | 632 |  | 487 |  | 434 |  | 424 |  | 2,761 |  | 5,622
Fair value of derivative instruments |  | 2,704 |  | 2 |  | 14 |  |  |  |  |  | 34 |  | 2,754
|  | 8,948 |  | 2,338 |  | 1,760 |  | 3,177 |  | 2,209 |  | 14,316 |  | 32,748
Interest on finance debt |  | 594 |  | 452 |  | 353 |  | 342 |  | 269 |  | 1,667 |  | 3,677
Interest on lease liabilities |  | 341 |  | 302 |  | 263 |  | 233 |  | 206 |  | 1,015 |  | 2,360
|  | 935 |  | 754 |  | 616 |  | 575 |  | 475 |  | 2,682 |  | 6,037
Financial guarantees |  | 926 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 926
Schedule of trade and other payables by maturity |
|  | Maturity year
|  |  |  |  |  | 2026 and |  |
(€ million) |  | 2021 |  | 2022 – 2025 |  | thereafter |  | Total
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade payables |  | 8,679 |  |  |  |  |  | 8,679
Other payables and advances |  | 4,257 |  | 111 |  | 94 |  | 4,462
|  | 12,936 |  | 111 |  | 94 |  | 13,141
|  | Maturity year
|  |  |  |  |  | 2025 and |  |
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2021 – 2024 |  | thereafter |  | Total
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade payables |  | 10,480 |  |  |  |  |  | 10,480
Other payables and advances |  | 5,065 |  | 54 |  | 100 |  | 5,219
|  | 15,545 |  | 54 |  | 100 |  | 15,699
Schedule of principal contractual obligations |
|  | Maturity year
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2026 and |  |
(€ million) |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | thereafter |  | Total
Decommissioning liabilities(a) |  | 400 |  | 237 |  | 202 |  | 425 |  | 276 |  | 10,433 |  | 11,973
Environmental liabilities |  | 383 |  | 323 |  | 267 |  | 255 |  | 196 |  | 839 |  | 2,263
Purchase obligations(b) |  | 8,041 |  | 7,644 |  | 7,342 |  | 8,150 |  | 8,613 |  | 63,864 |  | 103,654
- Gas |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
. take-or-pay contracts |  | 6,196 |  | 6,852 |  | 6,809 |  | 7,691 |  | 8,392 |  | 63,477 |  | 99,417
. ship-or-pay contracts |  | 893 |  | 519 |  | 480 |  | 439 |  | 212 |  | 359 |  | 2,902
- Other purchase obligations |  | 952 |  | 273 |  | 53 |  | 20 |  | 9 |  | 28 |  | 1,335
Other obligations |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 106 |  | 108
- Memorandum of intent - Val d’Agri |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 106 |  | 108
Total |  | 8,826 |  | 8,204 |  | 7,811 |  | 8,830 |  | 9,085 |  | 75,242 |  | 117,998
28 Contractual obligations related to employee benefits are indicated in note 21 - Provisions for employee benefits.
| (a) |  | Represents the estimated future costs for the decommissioning of oil and natural gas production facilities at the end of the producing lives of fields, well-plugging, abandonment and site restoration.
| (b) |  | Represents any agreement to purchase goods or services that is enforceable and legally binding and that specifies all significant terms.
Schedule of committed projects | The amounts shown in the table below include committed expenditures to execute certain environmental projects.
|  | Maturity year
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2025 and |  |
(€ million) |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | thereafter |  | Total
Committed projects |  | 4,264 |  | 3,983 |  | 2,890 |  | 2,204 |  | 1,334 |  | 14,675
Schedule of carrying amount of financial instruments and relevant economic and equity effect |
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  |  |  | Finance income (expense) |  |  |  | Finance income (expense)
|  |  |  | recognized in |  |  |  | recognized in
|  |  |  | Profit |  |  |  |  |  | Profit |  |
|  | Carrying |  | and loss |  |  |  | Carrying |  | and loss |  |
(€ million) |  | amount |  | account |  | OCI |  | amount |  | account |  | OCI
Financial instruments at fair value with effects recognized in profit and loss account |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets held for trading(a) |  | 5,502 |  | 31 |  |  |  | 6,760 |  | 127 |  |
Non-hedging and trading derivatives(b) |  | (19) |  | (415) |  |  |  | (125) |  | 273 |  |
Other investments valued at fair value(c) |  | 957 |  | 150 |  | 24 |  | 929 |  | 247 |  | (3)
Receivables and payables and other assets/liabilities valued at amortized cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade receivables and other(d) |  | 10,955 |  | (213) |  |  |  | 12,926 |  | (409) |  |
Financing receivables(e) |  | 1,207 |  | 99 |  |  |  | 1,503 |  | 110 |  |
Securities(a) |  | 55 |  |  |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  |
Trade payables and other(a) |  | 13,141 |  | (31) |  |  |  | 15,699 |  | 33 |  |
Financing payables(f) |  | 26,686 |  | (632) |  |  |  | 24,518 |  | (802) |  |
Net assets (liabilities) for hedging derivatives(g) |  | (52) |  | (941) |  | 661 |  | (2) |  | (739) |  | (679)
| (a) |  | Income or expense were recognized in the profit and loss account within "Finance income (expense)".
| (b) |  | In the profit and loss account, economic effects were recognized as expense within "Other operating income (loss)" for €766 million (income for €287 million in 2019) and as income within "Finance income (expense)" for €351 million (loss for €14 million in 2019).
| (c) |  | Income or expense were recognized in the profit and loss account within "Income (expense) from investments - Dividends".
| (d) |  | Income or expense were recognized in the profit and loss account as net impairment losses within "Net (impairment losses) reversal of trade and other receivables" for €226 million (net impairment losses for €432 million in 2019) and as income within "Finance income (expense)" for €13 million (income for €23 million in 2019), including interest income calculated on the basis of the effective interest rate of €22 million (interest income for €26 million in 2019).
| (e) |  | In the profit and loss account, income or expense were recognized as income within "Finance income (expense)", including interest income calculated on the basis of the effective interest rate of €92 million (income for €99 million in 2019) and net impairment losses for €1 million (net revaluations for €4 million in 2019).
| (f) |  | In the profit and loss account, income or expense were recognized as expense within "Finance income (expense)", including interest expense calculated on the basis of the effective interest rate of €531 million (interest expense for €647 million in 2019).
| (g) |  | In the profit and loss account, income or expense were recognized within "Sales from operations" and "Purchase, services and other".
Schedule of disclosures about offsetting of financial instruments |
|  |  |  | Gross amount |  |
|  |  |  | of financial |  |
|  | Gross amount |  | assets and |  | Net amount of
|  | of financial |  | liabilities |  | financial
|  | assets and |  | subject to |  | assets and
(€ million) |  | liabilities |  | offsetting |  | liabilities
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade and other receivables |  | 11,681 |  | 755 |  | 10,926
Other current assets |  | 3,719 |  | 1,033 |  | 2,686
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade and other liabilities |  | 13,691 |  | 755 |  | 12,936
Other current liabilities |  | 5,905 |  | 1,033 |  | 4,872
December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade and other receivables |  | 13,773 |  | 900 |  | 12,873
Other current assets |  | 4,584 |  | 612 |  | 3,972
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade and other liabilities |  | 16,445 |  | 900 |  | 15,545
Other current liabilities |  | 7,758 |  | 612 |  | 7,146
Interest rate risk and currency risk |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Schedule of market risk | The following tables show amounts in terms of VaR, recorded in 2020 (compared with 2019) relating to interest rate and exchange rate risks in the first section and commodity risk. Regarding the management of strategic liquidity, the sensitivity to changes of interest rate is expressed by values of “Dollar value per Basis Point” (DVBP). (Value at risk - parametric method variance/covariance; holding period: 20 days; confidence level: 99%)
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
(€ million) |  | High |  | Low |  | Average |  | At year end |  | High |  | Low |  | Average |  | At year end
Interest rate(a) |  | 7.39 |  | 1.18 |  | 2.93 |  | 1.34 |  | 5.19 |  | 2.44 |  | 3.80 |  | 3.00
Exchange rate(a) |  | 0.48 |  | 0.10 |  | 0.28 |  | 0.18 |  | 0.41 |  | 0.07 |  | 0.17 |  | 0.15
| (a) |  | Value at risk deriving from interest and exchange rates exposures include the following finance departments: Eni Corporate Finance Department, Eni Finance International SA, Banque Eni SA and Eni Finance USA Inc.
Commodity price risk |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Schedule of market risk | (Value at risk — Historic simulation method; holding period: 1 day; confidence level: 95%)
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
(€ million) |  | High |  | Low |  | Average |  | At year end |  | High |  | Low |  | Average |  | At year end
Commercial exposures – Management Portfolio(a) |  | 16.10 |  | 3.02 |  | 8.50 |  | 3.02 |  | 23.03 |  | 7.74 |  | 11.22 |  | 9.11
Trading (b) |  | 1.57 |  | 0.10 |  | 0.52 |  | 0.25 |  | 1.60 |  | 0.25 |  | 0.51 |  | 0.31
| (a) |  | Refers to the Gas & LNG Marketing Power business line (risk exposure from Refining & Marketing business line and Global Gas & LNG Portfolio), Eni Trading & Shipping commercial portfolio, operating branches outside Italy pertaining to the Divisions and from October 2016 the Gas e Luce business line. For the Global Gas & LNG Portfolio business lines, following the approval of the Eni’s Board of Directors on December 12, 2013, VaR is calculated on the so-called Statutory view, with a time horizon that coincides with the year considering all the volumes delivered in the year and the relevant financial hedging derivatives. Consequently, during the year the VaR pertaining to GGP and EGL presents a decreasing trend following the progressive reaching of the maturity of the positions within the annual horizon.
| (b) |  | Cross-commodity proprietary trading, both for commodity contracts and financial derivatives, refers to Eni Trading & Shipping SpA (London-Bruxelles-Singapore) and Eni Trading & Shipping Inc (Houston).
Strategic liquidity risk |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Schedule of market risk | (Sensitivity — Dollar value of 1 basis point — DVBP)
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
(€ million) |  | High |  | Low |  | Average |  | At year end |  | High |  | Low |  | Average |  | At year end
Strategic liquidity(a) |  | 0.37 |  | 0.29 |  | 0.32 |  | 0.30 |  | 0.37 |  | 0.31 |  | 0.35 |  | 0.33
| (a) |  | Management of strategic liquidity portfolio starting from July 2013.
(Sensitivity — Dollar value of 1 basis point — DVBP)
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
($ million) |  | High |  | Low |  | Average |  | At year end |  | High |  | Low |  | Average |  | At year end
Strategic liquidity(a) |  | 0.07 |  | 0.03 |  | 0.05 |  | 0.05 |  | 0.05 |  | 0.02 |  | 0.04 |  | 0.05
| (a) |  | Management of strategic liquidity portfolio in $ currency starting from August 2017.

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v3.20.4

Revenues and other income (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Revenues and other income |
Schedule of information about sales from operations | Sales from operations
|  |  |  |  |  | Refining & |  | Eni gase luce, |  |  |  |
|  | Exploration & |  | Global Gas & |  | Marketing and |  | Power & |  | Corporate and |  |
(€ million) |  | Production |  | LNG Portfolio |  | Chemical |  | Renewables |  | Other activities |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 6,359 |  | 5,362 |  | 24,937 |  | 7,135 |  | 194 |  | 43,987
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales of crude oil |  | 1,969 |  |  |  | 9,024 |  |  |  |  |  | 10,993
Sales of oil products |  | 517 |  |  |  | 11,852 |  |  |  |  |  | 12,369
Sales of natural gas and LNG |  | 3,505 |  | 5,000 |  | 20 |  | 2,741 |  |  |  | 11,266
Sales of petrochemical products |  |  |  |  |  | 3,277 |  |  |  | 19 |  | 3,296
Sales of other products |  | 113 |  | (2) |  | 36 |  | 2,366 |  | 2 |  | 2,515
Services |  | 255 |  | 364 |  | 728 |  | 2,028 |  | 173 |  | 3,548
Total |  | 6,359 |  | 5,362 |  | 24,937 |  | 7,135 |  | 194 |  | 43,987
Transfer of goods/services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goods/Services transferred in a specific moment |  | 5,896 |  | 5,239 |  | 24,639 |  | 7,135 |  | 78 |  | 42,987
Goods/Services transferred over a period of time |  | 463 |  | 123 |  | 298 |  |  |  | 116 |  | 1,000
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 10,499 |  | 9,230 |  | 41,976 |  | 7,972 |  | 204 |  | 69,881
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales of crude oil |  | 3,505 |  |  |  | 17,361 |  |  |  |  |  | 20,866
Sales of oil products |  | 1,189 |  |  |  | 19,615 |  |  |  |  |  | 20,804
Sales of natural gas and LNG |  | 5,454 |  | 8,881 |  | 214 |  | 3,373 |  |  |  | 17,922
Sales of petrochemical products |  |  |  |  |  | 4,088 |  |  |  | 22 |  | 4,110
Sales of other products |  | 68 |  |  |  | 16 |  | 2,503 |  | 6 |  | 2,593
Services |  | 283 |  | 349 |  | 682 |  | 2,096 |  | 176 |  | 3,586
Total |  | 10,499 |  | 9,230 |  | 41,976 |  | 7,972 |  | 204 |  | 69,881
Transfer of goods/services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goods/Services transferred in a specific moment |  | 9,946 |  | 9,117 |  | 41,727 |  | 7,972 |  | 86 |  | 68,848
Goods/Services transferred over a period of time |  | 553 |  | 113 |  | 249 |  |  |  | 118 |  | 1,033
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 9,943 |  | 11,931 |  | 46,088 |  | 7,684 |  | 176 |  | 75,822
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales of crude oil |  | 3,982 |  |  |  | 18,471 |  |  |  |  |  | 22,453
Sales of oil products |  | 1,133 |  |  |  | 21,266 |  |  |  |  |  | 22,399
Sales of natural gas and LNG |  | 4,554 |  | 11,575 |  | 166 |  | 3,347 |  |  |  | 19,642
Sales of petrochemical products |  |  |  |  |  | 5,539 |  |  |  | 35 |  | 5,574
Sales of other products |  | 27 |  | 1 |  | 20 |  | 2,362 |  | 11 |  | 2,421
Services |  | 247 |  | 355 |  | 626 |  | 1,975 |  | 130 |  | 3,333
Total |  | 9,943 |  | 11,931 |  | 46,088 |  | 7,684 |  | 176 |  | 75,822
Transfer of goods/services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goods/Services transferred in a specific moment |  | 9,676 |  | 11,801 |  | 46,029 |  | 7,684 |  | 106 |  | 75,296
Goods/Services transferred over a period of time |  | 267 |  | 130 |  | 59 |  |  |  | 70 |  | 526
Schedule of revenue associated with liabilities and performance obligations |
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenues associated with contract liabilities at the beginning of the period |  | 818 |  | 747 |  | 342
Revenues associated with performance obligations totally or partially satisfied in previous years |  |  |  | 10 |  | 11
Schedule of information about other income and revenues | Other income and revenues
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Gains from sale of assets and businesses |  | 10 |  | 152 |  | 454
Other proceeds |  | 950 |  | 1,008 |  | 662
|  | 960 |  | 1,160 |  | 1,116

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v3.20.4

Costs (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Costs |
Schedule of information about purchase, services and other charges |
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Production costs - raw, ancillary and consumable materials and goods |  | 21,432 |  | 36,272 |  | 41,125
Production costs - services |  | 9,710 |  | 11,589 |  | 10,625
Lease expense and other |  | 876 |  | 1,478 |  | 1,820
Net provisions for contingencies |  | 349 |  | 858 |  | 1,120
Other expenses |  | 1,317 |  | 879 |  | 1,130
|  | 33,684 |  | 51,076 |  | 55,820
less: |  |  |  |  |  |
- capitalized direct costs associated with self-constructed assets - tangible assets |  | (128) |  | (197) |  | (192)
- capitalized direct costs associated with self-constructed assets - intangible assets |  | (5) |  | (5) |  | (6)
|  | 33,551 |  | 50,874 |  | 55,622
Schedule of information about payroll and related costs | Payroll and related costs
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Wages and salaries |  | 2,193 |  | 2,417 |  | 2,409
Social security contributions |  | 458 |  | 449 |  | 448
Cost related to employee benefit plans |  | 102 |  | 85 |  | 220
Other costs |  | 239 |  | 213 |  | 170
|  | 2,992 |  | 3,164 |  | 3,247
less: |  |  |  |  |  |
- capitalized direct costs associated with self-constructed assets - tangible assets |  | (118) |  | (152) |  | (142)
- capitalized direct costs associated with self-constructed assets - intangible assets |  | (11) |  | (16) |  | (12)
|  | 2,863 |  | 2,996 |  | 3,093
Schedule of information about average number of employees | The Group average number and breakdown of employees by category is reported below:
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
(number) |  | Subsidiaries |  | Joint operations |  | Subsidiaries |  | Joint operations |  | Subsidiaries |  | Joint operations
Senior managers |  | 993 |  | 17 |  | 1,014 |  | 16 |  | 999 |  | 17
Junior managers |  | 9,280 |  | 73 |  | 9,267 |  | 77 |  | 9,095 |  | 84
Employees |  | 15,995 |  | 349 |  | 15,945 |  | 361 |  | 16,220 |  | 361
Workers |  | 4,780 |  | 287 |  | 4,910 |  | 287 |  | 5,259 |  | 283
|  | 31,048 |  | 726 |  | 31,136 |  | 741 |  | 31,573 |  | 745
Schedule of information about compensation of key management personnel |
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Wages and salaries |  | 30 |  | 28 |  | 27
Post-employment benefits |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | 2
Other long-term benefits |  | 12 |  | 12 |  | 10
Indemnities upon termination of employment |  | 21 |  | 12 |  |
|  | 65 |  | 54 |  | 39

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v3.20.4

Finance income (expense) (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Finance income (expense) |
Schedule of finance income (expense) |
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Finance income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance income |  | 3,531 |  | 3,087 |  | 3,967
Finance expense |  | (4,958) |  | (4,079) |  | (4,663)
Net finance income (expense) from financial assets held for trading |  | 31 |  | 127 |  | 32
Income (expense) from derivative financial instruments |  | 351 |  | (14) |  | (307)
|  | (1,045) |  | (879) |  | (971)
Schedule of analysis of finance income (expense) | The analysis of finance income (expense) was as follows:
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Finance income (expense) related to net borrowings |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and other finance expense on ordinary bonds |  | (517) |  | (618) |  | (565)
Net finance income (expense) on financial assets held for trading |  | 31 |  | 127 |  | 32
Interest and other expense due to banks and other financial institutions |  | (102) |  | (122) |  | (120)
Interest on lease liabilities |  | (347) |  | (378) |  |
Interest from banks |  | 10 |  | 21 |  | 18
Interest and other income on financial receivables and securities held for non-operating purpose |  | 12 |  | 8 |  | 8
|  | (913) |  | (962) |  | (627)
Exchange differences |  | (460) |  | 250 |  | 341
Income (expense) from derivative financial instruments |  | 351 |  | (14) |  | (307)
Other finance income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and other income on financing receivables and securities held for operating purposes |  | 97 |  | 112 |  | 132
Capitalized finance expense |  | 73 |  | 93 |  | 52
Finance expense due to the passage of time (accretion discount)(a) |  | (190) |  | (255) |  | (249)
Other finance income (expense) |  | (3) |  | (103) |  | (313)
|  | (23) |  | (153) |  | (378)
|  | (1,045) |  | (879) |  | (971)
(a) The item related to the increase in provisions for contingencies that are shown at present value in non-current liabilities.

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v3.20.4

Income (expense) from investments (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Income (expense) from investments |
Schedule of other gain (loss) from investments | Other gain (loss) from investments
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Dividends |  | 150 |  | 247 |  | 231
Net gain (loss) on disposals |  |  |  | 19 |  | 22
Other net income (expense) |  | (75) |  | 15 |  | 910
|  | 75 |  | 281 |  | 1,163

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v3.20.4

Income taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Income taxes |
Schedule of information about income taxes |
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Current taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |
- Italian subsidiaries |  | 199 |  | 347 |  | 301
- subsidiaries of the Exploration & Production segment - outside Italy |  | 1,517 |  | 4,729 |  | 4,906
- other subsidiaries - outside Italy |  | 84 |  | 152 |  | 163
|  | 1,800 |  | 5,228 |  | 5,370
Net deferred taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |
- Italian subsidiaries |  | 672 |  | 599 |  | 130
- subsidiaries of the Exploration & Production segment - outside Italy |  | 73 |  | (172) |  | 497
- other subsidiaries - outside Italy |  | 105 |  | (64) |  | (27)
|  | 850 |  | 363 |  | 600
|  | 2,650 |  | 5,591 |  | 5,970
Schedule of detailed information about the reconciliation between the statutory tax charge and the effective tax charge |
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Profit (loss) before taxation |  | (5,978) |  | 5,746 |  | 10,107
Tax rate (IRES) (%) |  | 24.0 |  | 24.0 |  | 24.0
Statutory corporation tax charge (credit) on profit or loss |  | (1,435) |  | 1,379 |  | 2,426
Increase (decrease) resulting from: |  |  |  |  |  |
- higher tax charges related to subsidiaries outside Italy |  | 1,980 |  | 2,934 |  | 3,096
- impact pursuant to the write-down of deferred tax assets |  | 1,785 |  | 938 |  | 261
- impact pursuant to foreign tax effects of italian entities |  | 108 |  | 105 |  | 46
- Italian regional income tax (IRAP) |  | 107 |  | 25 |  | 50
- effect due to the tax regime provided for intercompany dividends |  | 96 |  | 65 |  | 47
- tax effects related to previous years |  | (30) |  | 147 |  | (24)
- other adjustments |  | 39 |  | (2) |  | 68
|  | 4,085 |  | 4,212 |  | 3,544
Effective tax charge |  | 2,650 |  | 5,591 |  | 5,970

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v3.20.4

Earnings (loss) per share (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Earnings (loss) per share |
Schedule of information about reconciliation of the weighted average number of shares | Reconciliation of the weighted average number of shares used for the calculation for both basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share was as follows:
|  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Weighted average number of shares used for basic earnings (loss) per share |  |  |  | 3,572,549,651 |  | 3,592,249,603 |  | 3,601,140,133
Potential shares to be issued for ILT incentive plan |  |  |  | 6,465,718 |  | 2,251,406 |  | 2,782,584
Weighted average number of shares used for diluted earnings (loss) per share |  |  |  | 3,579,015,369 |  | 3,594,501,009 |  | 3,603,922,717
Eni’s net profit (loss) |  | (€ million) |  | (8,635) |  | 148 |  | 4,126
Basic earnings (loss) per share |  | (€ per share) |  | (2.42) |  | 0.04 |  | 1.15
Diluted earnings (loss) per share |  | (€ per share) |  | (2.42) |  | 0.04 |  | 1.15

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v3.20.4

Exploration for evaluation of oil&gas resources (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Exploration for evaluation of oil&gas resources |
Schedule of information about exploration for evaluation of oil&gas resources |
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenues related to exploration activity and evaluation |  |  |  | 34 |  | 17
Exploration activity and evaluation costs: |  |  |  |  |  |
- write-off of exploration and evaluation costs |  | 314 |  | 214 |  | 93
- costs of geological and geophysical studies |  | 196 |  | 275 |  | 287
Exploration expense for the year |  | 510 |  | 489 |  | 380
Intangible assets: proved and unproved exploration licence and leasehold property acquisition costs |  | 888 |  | 1,031 |  | 1,081
Tangible assets: capitalized exploration and evaluation costs |  | 1,341 |  | 1,563 |  | 1,267
Total tangible and intangible assets |  | 2,229 |  | 2,594 |  | 2,348
Provision for decommissioning related to exploration activity and evaluation |  | 93 |  | 109 |  | 77
Exploration expenditure (net cash used in investing activivties) |  | 283 |  | 586 |  | 463
Geological and geophysical costs (cash flow from operating activities) |  | 196 |  | 275 |  | 287
Total exploration effort |  | 479 |  | 861 |  | 750

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v3.20.4

Segment information and information by geographical area (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Segment information and information by geographical area |
Schedule of segment information for the 2019 and 2018 comparative periods restated for homogeneous comparison | As reported in 2019:
|  |  |  |  |  | Refining & |  | Corporate |  | Adjustments |  |
|  | Exploration & |  |  |  | Marketing |  | and Other |  | of intragroup |  |
(€ million) |  | Production |  | Gas & Power |  | and Chemicals |  | activities |  | profits |  | Total
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations including intersegment sales |  | 23,572 |  | 50,015 |  | 23,334 |  | 1,681 |  |  |  |
Less: intersegment sales |  | (13,073) |  | (11,855) |  | (2,317) |  | (1,476) |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 10,499 |  | 38,160 |  | 21,017 |  | 205 |  |  |  | 69,881
Operating profit |  | 7,417 |  | 699 |  | (854) |  | (710) |  | (120) |  | 6,432
Identifiable assets (a) |  | 68,915 |  | 9,176 |  | 12,336 |  | 1,860 |  | (492) |  | 91,795
Identifiable liabilities (a) |  | 20,164 |  | 7,852 |  | 4,599 |  | 3,927 |  | (141) |  | 36,401
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations including intersegment sales |  | 25,744 |  | 55,690 |  | 25,216 |  | 1,589 |  |  |  |
Less: intersegment sales |  | (15,801) |  | (12,581) |  | (2,622) |  | (1,413) |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 9,943 |  | 43,109 |  | 22,594 |  | 176 |  |  |  | 75,822
Operating profit |  | 10,214 |  | 629 |  | (380) |  | (691) |  | 211 |  | 9,983
Identifiable assets (a) |  | 63,051 |  | 9,989 |  | 11,692 |  | 1,171 |  | (420) |  | 85,483
Identifiable liabilities (a) |  | 18,110 |  | 8,314 |  | 4,319 |  | 4,072 |  | (275) |  | 34,540
| (a) |  | Include assets/liabilities directly associated with the generation of operating profit.
As restated:
|  |  |  |  |  | Refining & |  | Eni gas e |  | Corporate |  | Adjustments |  |
|  | Exploration & |  | Global Gas & |  | Marketing |  | luce, Power & |  | and Other |  | of intragroup |  |
(€ million) |  | Production |  | LNG Portfolio |  | and Chemicals |  | Renewables |  | activities |  | profits |  | Total
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations including intersegment sales |  | 23,572 |  | 11,779 |  | 42,360 |  | 8,448 |  | 1,676 |  |  |  |
Less: intersegment sales |  | (13,073) |  | (2,549) |  | (384) |  | (476) |  | (1,472) |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 10,499 |  | 9,230 |  | 41,976 |  | 7,972 |  | 204 |  |  |  | 69,881
Operating profit |  | 7,417 |  | 431 |  | (682) |  | 74 |  | (688) |  | (120) |  | 6,432
Identifiable assets (a) |  | 68,915 |  | 4,092 |  | 13,569 |  | 4,068 |  | 1,643 |  | (492) |  | 91,795
Identifiable liabilities (a) |  | 20,164 |  | 3,836 |  | 6,272 |  | 2,380 |  | 3,890 |  | (141) |  | 36,401
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations including intersegment sales |  | 25,744 |  | 14,807 |  | 46,483 |  | 8,218 |  | 1,588 |  |  |  |
Less: intersegment sales |  | (15,801) |  | (2,876) |  | (395) |  | (534) |  | (1,412) |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 9,943 |  | 11,931 |  | 46,088 |  | 7,684 |  | 176 |  |  |  | 75,822
Operating profit |  | 10,214 |  | 387 |  | (501) |  | 340 |  | (668) |  | 211 |  | 9,983
Identifiable assets (a) |  | 63,051 |  | 4,642 |  | 13,099 |  | 4,008 |  | 1,103 |  | (420) |  | 85,483
Identifiable liabilities (a) |  | 18,110 |  | 4,089 |  | 6,201 |  | 2,364 |  | 4,051 |  | (275) |  | 34,540
| (a) |  | Include assets/liabilities directly associated with the generation of operating profit.
Schedule of information by segment | Segment Information
|  |  |  |  |  | Refining & |  | Eni gas e luce |  | Corporate |  | Adjustments |  |
|  | Exploration & |  | Global Gas & |  | Marketing |  | Power & |  | and Other |  | of intragroup |  |
(€ million) |  | Production |  | LNG Portfolio |  | and Chemicals |  | Renewables |  | activities |  | profits |  | Tota l
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations including intersegment sales |  | 13,590 |  | 7,051 |  | 25,340 |  | 7,536 |  | 1,559 |  |  |  |
Less: intersegment sales |  | (7,231) |  | (1,689) |  | (403) |  | (401) |  | (1,365) |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 6,359 |  | 5,362 |  | 24,937 |  | 7,135 |  | 194 |  |  |  | 43,987
Operating profit |  | (610) |  | (332) |  | (2,463) |  | 660 |  | (563) |  | 33 |  | (3,275)
Net provisions for contingencies |  | 98 |  | 64 |  | 118 |  | (2) |  | 26 |  | 45 |  | 349
Depreciation and amortization |  | (6,273) |  | (125) |  | (575) |  | (217) |  | (146) |  | 32 |  | (7,304)
Impairments of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  | (2,170) |  | (2) |  | (1,605) |  | (56) |  | (22) |  |  |  | (3,855)
Reversals of tangible and intangible assets |  | 282 |  |  |  | 334 |  | 55 |  | 1 |  |  |  | 672
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets |  | (322) |  |  |  |  |  | (7) |  |  |  |  |  | (329)
Share of profit (loss) of equity-accounted investments |  | (980) |  | (15) |  | (363) |  | 6 |  | (381) |  |  |  | (1,733)
Identifiable assets (a) |  | 59,439 |  | 4,020 |  | 10,716 |  | 4,387 |  | 1,444 |  | (402) |  | 79,604
Unallocated assets (b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 30,044
Equity-accounted investments |  | 2,680 |  | 259 |  | 2,605 |  | 217 |  | 988 |  |  |  | 6,749
Identifiable liabilities (a) |  | 17,501 |  | 3,785 |  | 5,460 |  | 2,426 |  | 3,316 |  | (83) |  | 32,405
Unallocated liabilities (b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 39,750
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets |  | 3,472 |  | 11 |  | 771 |  | 293 |  | 107 |  | (10) |  | 4,644
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations including intersegment sales |  | 23,572 |  | 11,779 |  | 42,360 |  | 8,448 |  | 1,676 |  |  |  |
Less: intersegment sales |  | (13,073) |  | (2,549) |  | (384) |  | (476) |  | (1,472) |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 10,499 |  | 9,230 |  | 41,976 |  | 7,972 |  | 204 |  |  |  | 69,881
Operating profit |  | 7,417 |  | 431 |  | (682) |  | 74 |  | (688) |  | (120) |  | 6,432
Net provisions for contingencies |  | 97 |  | 234 |  | 276 |  | (5) |  | 307 |  | (51) |  | 858
Depreciation and amortization |  | (7,060) |  | (124) |  | (620) |  | (190) |  | (144) |  | 32 |  | (8,106)
Impairments of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  | (1,347) |  |  |  | (1,127) |  | (83) |  | (13) |  |  |  | (2,570)
Reversals of tangible and intangible assets |  | 130 |  | 5 |  | 205 |  | 41 |  | 1 |  |  |  | 382
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets |  | (292) |  |  |  | (6) |  | (1) |  | (1) |  |  |  | (300)
Share of profit (loss) of equity-accounted investments |  | 7 |  | (21) |  | (63) |  | 10 |  | (21) |  |  |  | (88)
Identifiable assets (a) |  | 68,915 |  | 4,092 |  | 13,569 |  | 4,068 |  | 1,643 |  | (492) |  | 91,795
Unallocated assets (b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31,645
Equity-accounted investments |  | 4,108 |  | 346 |  | 3,107 |  | 141 |  | 1,333 |  |  |  | 9,035
Identifiable liabilities (a) |  | 20,164 |  | 3,836 |  | 6,272 |  | 2,380 |  | 3,890 |  | (141) |  | 36,401
Unallocated liabilities (b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 39,139
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets |  | 6,996 |  | 15 |  | 933 |  | 357 |  | 89 |  | (14) |  | 8,376
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales from operations including intersegment sales |  | 25,744 |  | 14,807 |  | 46,483 |  | 8,218 |  | 1,588 |  |  |  |
Less: intersegment sales |  | (15,801) |  | (2,876) |  | (395) |  | (534) |  | (1,412) |  |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 9,943 |  | 11,931 |  | 46,088 |  | 7,684 |  | 176 |  |  |  | 75,822
Operating profit |  | 10,214 |  | 387 |  | (501) |  | 340 |  | (668) |  | 211 |  | 9,983
Net provisions for contingencies |  | 235 |  | 53 |  | 274 |  |  |  | 579 |  | (21) |  | 1,120
Depreciation and amortization |  | (6,152) |  | (226) |  | (399) |  | (182) |  | (59) |  | 30 |  | (6,988)
Impairments of tangible and intangible assets |  | (1,025) |  | (6) |  | (193) |  | (50) |  | (18) |  |  |  | (1,292)
Reversals of tangible and intangible assets |  | 299 |  | 79 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  |  |  | 426
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets |  | (97) |  | (1) |  | (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (100)
Share of profit (loss) of equity-accounted investments |  | 158 |  | (2) |  | (67) |  | 11 |  | (168) |  |  |  | (68)
Identifiable assets (a) |  | 63,051 |  | 4,642 |  | 13,099 |  | 4,008 |  | 1,103 |  | (420) |  | 85,483
Unallocated assets (b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32,890
Equity-accounted investments |  | 4,972 |  | 355 |  | 275 |  | 139 |  | 1,303 |  |  |  | 7,044
Identifiable liabilities (a) |  | 18,110 |  | 4,089 |  | 6,201 |  | 2,364 |  | 4,051 |  | (275) |  | 34,540
Unallocated liabilities (b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32,760
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets |  | 7,901 |  | 26 |  | 877 |  | 238 |  | 94 |  | (17) |  | 9,119
| (a) |  | Include assets/liabilities directly associated with the generation of operating profit.
| (b) |  | Include assets/liabilities not directly associated with the generation of operating profit.
Schedule of information by geographical area | Identifiable assets and investments by geographical area of origin
|  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | European |  | Rest of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |
(€ million) |  | Italy |  | Union |  | Europe |  | Americas |  | Asia |  | Africa |  | areas |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Identifiable assets(a) |  | 17,228 |  | 4,159 |  | 3,174 |  | 4,485 |  | 16,360 |  | 33,341 |  | 857 |  | 79,604
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets |  | 1,198 |  | 152 |  | 119 |  | 441 |  | 1,267 |  | 1,443 |  | 24 |  | 4,644
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Identifiable assets(a) |  | 19,346 |  | 7,237 |  | 1,151 |  | 5,230 |  | 17,898 |  | 40,021 |  | 912 |  | 91,795
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets |  | 1,402 |  | 306 |  | 9 |  | 1,017 |  | 1,685 |  | 3,902 |  | 55 |  | 8,376
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Identifiable assets(a) |  | 18,646 |  | 7,086 |  | 1,031 |  | 4,546 |  | 16,910 |  | 36,155 |  | 1,109 |  | 85,483
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets |  | 1,424 |  | 267 |  | 538 |  | 534 |  | 1,782 |  | 4,533 |  | 41 |  | 9,119
(a) Include assets directly associated with the generation of operating profit.
Schedule of sales from operations by geography | Sales from operations by geographical area of destination
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Italy |  | 14,717 |  | 23,312 |  | 25,279
Other European Union |  | 9,508 |  | 18,567 |  | 20,408
Rest of Europe |  | 8,191 |  | 6,931 |  | 7,052
Americas |  | 2,426 |  | 3,842 |  | 5,051
Asia |  | 4,182 |  | 8,102 |  | 9,585
Africa |  | 4,842 |  | 8,998 |  | 8,246
Other areas |  | 121 |  | 129 |  | 201
|  | 43,987 |  | 69,881 |  | 75,822

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v3.20.4

Transactions with related parties (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Transactions with related parties |
Schedule of transactions and balances with related parties | Transactions and balances with related parties
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | 2020
|  | Receivables |  | Payables |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(€ million) |  | and other |  | and other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other operating
Name |  | assets |  | liabilities |  | Guarantees |  | Revenues |  | Costs |  | (expense) income
Joint ventures and associates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agiba Petroleum Co |  | 6 |  | 52 |  |  |  |  |  | 201 |  |
Angola LNG Supply Services Llc |  |  |  |  |  | 165 |  |  |  |  |  |
Coral FLNG SA |  | 6 |  |  |  | 1,079 |  | 49 |  |  |  |
Gas Distribution Company of Thessaloniki - Thessaly SA |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  |  | 52 |  |
Saipem Group |  | 87 |  | 254 |  | 509 |  | 18 |  | 350 |  |
Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV |  | 25 |  | 141 |  |  |  |  |  | 816 |  |
Mellitah Oil & Gas BV |  | 54 |  | 250 |  |  |  | 2 |  | 156 |  |
Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co |  | 65 |  | 467 |  |  |  |  |  | 556 |  |
Societa Oleodotti Meridionali SpA |  | 3 |  | 399 |  |  |  | 20 |  | 15 |  |
Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA |  | 48 |  |  |  |  |  | 57 |  |  |  |
Unión Fenosa Gas SA |  | 11 |  | 4 |  | 57 |  | 9 |  |  |  | (3)
Vår Energi AS |  | 39 |  | 190 |  | 456 |  | 85 |  | 1,126 |  | (118)
Other (*) |  | 72 |  | 24 |  | 1 |  | 66 |  | 167 |  |
|  | 416 |  | 1,794 |  | 2,267 |  | 306 |  | 3,439 |  | (121)
Unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni BTC Ltd |  |  |  |  |  | 165 |  |  |  |  |  |
Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico - ISAF SpA (in liquidation) |  | 112 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 11 |  |  |  |
Other |  | 5 |  | 23 |  | 10 |  | 4 |  | 9 |  |
|  | 117 |  | 24 |  | 176 |  | 15 |  | 9 |  |
|  | 533 |  | 1,818 |  | 2,443 |  | 321 |  | 3,448 |  | (121)
Entities controlled by the Government |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Enel Group |  | 104 |  | 165 |  |  |  | 51 |  | 551 |  | 86
Italgas Group |  | 1 |  | 177 |  |  |  | 3 |  | 714 |  |
Snam Group |  | 189 |  | 211 |  |  |  | 45 |  | 1,012 |  |
Terna Group |  | 46 |  | 62 |  |  |  | 152 |  | 225 |  | 8
GSE - Gestore Servizi Energetici |  | 52 |  | 37 |  |  |  | 586 |  | 309 |  | 40
Other (*) |  | 8 |  | 49 |  |  |  | 20 |  | 63 |  |
|  | 400 |  | 701 |  |  |  | 857 |  | 2,874 |  | 134
Other related parties |  | 1 |  | 4 |  |  |  | 2 |  | 53 |  |
Groupement Sonatrach - Agip «GSA» and Organe Conjoint des Opérations «OC SH/FCP» |  | 87 |  | 52 |  |  |  | 19 |  | 262 |  |
|  | 1,021 |  | 2,575 |  | 2,443 |  | 1,199 |  | 6,637 |  | 13
(*)Each individual amount included herein was lower than €50 million.
|  | December 31, 2019 |  | 2019
|  | Receivables |  | Payables |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(€ million) |  | and other |  | and other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other operating
Name |  | assets |  | liabilities |  | Guarantees |  | Revenues |  | Costs |  | (expense) income
Joint ventures and associates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agiba Petroleum Co |  | 3 |  | 71 |  |  |  |  |  | 229 |  |
Angola LNG Supply Services Llc |  |  |  |  |  | 181 |  |  |  |  |  |
Coral FLNG SA |  | 15 |  |  |  | 1,168 |  | 71 |  |  |  |
Gas Distribution Company of Thessaloniki - Thessaly SA |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  |  | 53 |  |
Saipem Group |  | 75 |  | 227 |  | 510 |  | 27 |  | 503 |  |
Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV |  | 33 |  | 198 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 1,134 |  |
Mellitah Oil & Gas BV |  | 57 |  | 171 |  |  |  | 3 |  | 365 |  |
Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co |  | 50 |  | 1,130 |  |  |  | 7 |  | 1,590 |  |
Unión Fenosa Gas SA |  | 8 |  | 1 |  | 57 |  | 1 |  | 6 |  | 63
Vår Energi AS |  | 32 |  | 143 |  | 482 |  | 63 |  | 1,481 |  | (64)
Other (*) |  | 106 |  | 29 |  | 1 |  | 112 |  | 87 |  |
|  | 379 |  | 1,983 |  | 2,399 |  | 285 |  | 5,448 |  | (1)
Unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni BTC Ltd |  |  |  |  |  | 180 |  |  |  |  |  |
Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico - ISAF SpA (in liquidation) |  | 101 |  | 1 |  | 3 |  | 14 |  |  |  |
Other |  | 5 |  | 25 |  | 14 |  | 6 |  | 18 |  |
|  | 106 |  | 26 |  | 197 |  | 20 |  | 18 |  |
|  | 485 |  | 2,009 |  | 2,596 |  | 305 |  | 5,466 |  | (1)
Entities controlled by the Government |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Enel Group |  | 185 |  | 284 |  |  |  | 105 |  | 602 |  | (8)
Italgas Group |  | 3 |  | 154 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 677 |  |
Snam Group |  | 278 |  | 229 |  |  |  | 71 |  | 1,208 |  |
Terna Group |  | 40 |  | 45 |  |  |  | 171 |  | 223 |  | 17
GSE - Gestore Servizi Energetici |  | 26 |  | 24 |  |  |  | 549 |  | 468 |  | 11
Other |  | 10 |  | 19 |  |  |  | 12 |  | 35 |  |
|  | 542 |  | 755 |  |  |  | 909 |  | 3,213 |  | 20
Other related parties |  | 2 |  | 3 |  |  |  | 5 |  | 37 |  |
Groupement Sonatrach - Agip «GSA» and Organe Conjoint des Opérations «OC SH/FCP» |  | 75 |  | 74 |  |  |  | 33 |  | 457 |  |
|  | 1,104 |  | 2,841 |  | 2,596 |  | 1,252 |  | 9,173 |  | 19
Each individual amount included herein was lower than €50 million.
|  | December 31, 2018 |  | 2018
|  | Receivables |  | Payables |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(€ million) |  | and other |  | and other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other operating
Name |  | assets |  | liabilities |  | Guarantees |  | Revenues |  | Costs |  | (expense) income
Joint ventures and associates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agiba Petroleum Co |  | 1 |  | 96 |  |  |  |  |  | 156 |  |
Angola LNG Supply Services Llc |  |  |  |  |  | 177 |  |  |  |  |  |
Coral FLNG SA |  | 14 |  |  |  | 1,147 |  | 62 |  |  |  |
Gas Distribution Company of Thessaloniki - Thessaly SA |  | 1 |  | 18 |  |  |  |  |  | 51 |  |
Saipem Group |  | 75 |  | 171 |  | 793 |  | 30 |  | 420 |  |
Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV |  | 27 |  | 134 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 998 |  |
Mellitah Oil & Gas BV |  | 1 |  | 268 |  |  |  | 1 |  | 502 |  |
Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co |  | 56 |  | 2,029 |  |  |  | 7 |  | 2,282 |  |
Unión Fenosa Gas SA |  | 4 |  | 7 |  | 57 |  | 123 |  |  |  | 37
Vår Energi AS |  | 13 |  | 100 |  | 218 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other(*) |  | 44 |  | 25 |  |  |  | 111 |  | 104 |  | (26)
|  | 236 |  | 2,848 |  | 2,392 |  | 335 |  | 4,513 |  | 11
Unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni BTC Ltd |  |  |  |  |  | 177 |  |  |  |  |  |
Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico - ISAF SpA (in liquidation) |  | 87 |  | 1 |  | 5 |  | 11 |  |  |  |
Other |  | 6 |  | 23 |  | 14 |  | 7 |  | 13 |  |
|  | 93 |  | 24 |  | 196 |  | 18 |  | 13 |  |
|  | 329 |  | 2,872 |  | 2,588 |  | 353 |  | 4,526 |  | 11
Entities controlled by the Government |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Enel Group |  | 134 |  | 151 |  |  |  | 118 |  | 514 |  | 227
Italgas Group |  | 5 |  | 146 |  |  |  | 23 |  | 667 |  |
Snam Group |  | 237 |  | 289 |  |  |  | 109 |  | 1,184 |  | (1)
Terna Group |  | 26 |  | 47 |  |  |  | 150 |  | 231 |  | 8
GSE - Gestore Servizi Energetici |  | 67 |  | 85 |  |  |  | 555 |  | 588 |  | 74
Other |  | 25 |  | 18 |  |  |  | 45 |  | 34 |  |
|  | 494 |  | 736 |  |  |  | 1,000 |  | 3,218 |  | 308
Other related parties |  | 1 |  | 2 |  |  |  | 4 |  | 32 |  |
Groupement Sonatrach - Agip «GSA» and Organe Conjoint des Opérations «OC SH/FCP» |  | 40 |  | 140 |  |  |  | 34 |  | 229 |  |
|  | 864 |  | 3,750 |  | 2,588 |  | 1,391 |  | 8,005 |  | 319
(*) Each individual amount included herein was lower than €50 million.
Schedule of financing transactions and balances with related parties | Financing transactions and balances with related parties
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | 2020
Name |  | Receivables |  | Payables |  | Guarantees |  | Gains |  | Charges
Joint ventures and associates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Angola LNG Ltd |  |  |  |  |  | 228 |  |  |  |
Cardón IV SA |  | 383 |  |  |  |  |  | 57 |  |
Coral FLNG SA |  | 288 |  |  |  |  |  | 22 |  | 1
Coral South FLNG DMCC |  |  |  |  |  | 1,304 |  |  |  |
Saipem Group |  | 2 |  | 167 |  |  |  |  |  | 6
Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA |  | 83 |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |
Other |  | 15 |  | 12 |  | 1 |  | 27 |  | 18
|  | 771 |  | 179 |  | 1,533 |  | 113 |  | 25
Unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 36 |  | 28 |  |  |  | 1 |  |
|  | 36 |  | 28 |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Entities controlled by the Government |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  |  |  | 1
|  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  |  |  | 1
|  | 807 |  | 218 |  | 1,533 |  | 114 |  | 26
(€ million) |  | December 31, 2019 |  | 2019
Name |  | Receivables |  | Payables |  | Guarantees |  | Gains |  | Charges
Joint ventures and associates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Angola LNG Ltd |  |  |  |  |  | 249 |  |  |  |
Cardón IV SA |  | 563 |  | 5 |  |  |  | 77 |  |
Coral FLNG SA |  | 253 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2
Coral South FLNG DMCC |  |  |  |  |  | 1,425 |  |  |  |
Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA |  | 85 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20
Other |  | 18 |  | 14 |  | 2 |  | 18 |  | 14
|  | 919 |  | 19 |  | 1,676 |  | 95 |  | 36
Unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 48 |  | 28 |  |  |  | 1 |  |
|  | 48 |  | 28 |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Entities controlled by the Government |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 4 |  | 12 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 4 |  | 12 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 971 |  | 59 |  | 1,676 |  | 96 |  | 36
|  | December 31, 2018 |  | 2018
(€ million) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Name |  | Receivables |  | Payables |  | Guarantees |  | Gains |  | Charges
Joint ventures and associates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Angola LNG Ltd |  |  |  |  |  | 245 |  |  |  |
Cardón IV SA |  | 705 |  | 36 |  |  |  | 95 |  |
Coral FLNG SA |  | 108 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Coral South FLNG DMCC |  |  |  |  |  | 1,397 |  |  |  |
Shatskmorneftegaz Sàrl |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 267
Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA |  | 64 |  | 30 |  |  |  |  |  | 5
Vår Energi AS |  |  |  | 494 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 38 |  | 4 |  | 22 |  | 13 |  | 9
|  | 915 |  | 564 |  | 1,664 |  | 115 |  | 281
Unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 49 |  | 25 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 49 |  | 25 |  |  |  |  |  |
Entities controlled by the Government |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Enel Group |  |  |  | 64 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  |  |  | 2
|  |  |  | 72 |  |  |  |  |  | 2
|  | 964 |  | 661 |  | 1,664 |  | 115 |  | 283
Schedule of impact of transactions and positions with related parties on balance sheet | The impact of transactions and positions with related parties on the balance sheet accounts consisted of the following:
|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  |  |  | Related |  |  |  |  |  | Related |  |
(€ million) |  | Total |  | parties |  | Impact % |  | Total |  | parties |  | Impact %
Other current financial assets |  | 254 |  | 41 |  | 16.14 |  | 384 |  | 60 |  | 15.63
Trade and other receivables |  | 10,926 |  | 802 |  | 7.34 |  | 12,873 |  | 704 |  | 5.47
Other current assets |  | 2,686 |  | 145 |  | 5.40 |  | 3,972 |  | 219 |  | 5.51
Other non-current financial assets |  | 1,008 |  | 766 |  | 75.99 |  | 1,174 |  | 911 |  | 77.60
Other non-current assets |  | 1,253 |  | 74 |  | 5.91 |  | 871 |  | 181 |  | 20.78
Short-term debt |  | 2,882 |  | 52 |  | 1.80 |  | 2,452 |  | 46 |  | 1.88
Current portion of long-term lease liabilities |  | 849 |  | 54 |  | 6.36 |  | 889 |  | 5 |  | 0.56
Trade and other payables |  | 12,936 |  | 2,100 |  | 16.23 |  | 15,545 |  | 2,663 |  | 17.13
Other current liabilities |  | 4,872 |  | 452 |  | 9.28 |  | 7,146 |  | 155 |  | 2.17
Non-current lease liabilities |  | 4,169 |  | 112 |  | 2.69 |  | 4,759 |  | 8 |  | 0.17
Other non-current liabilities |  | 1,877 |  | 23 |  | 1.23 |  | 1,611 |  | 23 |  | 1.43
Schedule of impact of transactions with related parties on the profit and loss accounts | The impact of transactions with related parties on the profit and loss accounts consisted of the following:
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
|  |  |  | Related |  |  |  |  |  | Related |  |  |  |  |  | Related |  |
(€ million) |  | Total |  | parties |  | Impact % |  | Total |  | parties |  | Impact % |  | Total |  | parties |  | Impact %
Sales from operations |  | 43,987 |  | 1,164 |  | 2.65 |  | 69,881 |  | 1,248 |  | 1.79 |  | 75,822 |  | 1,383 |  | 1.82
Other income and revenues |  | 960 |  | 35 |  | 3.65 |  | 1,160 |  | 4 |  | 0.34 |  | 1,116 |  | 8 |  | 0.72
Purchases, services and other |  | (33,551) |  | (6,595) |  | 19.66 |  | (50,874) |  | (9,173) |  | 18.03 |  | (55,622) |  | (8,009) |  | 14.40
Net (impairment losses) reversals of trade and other receivables |  | (226) |  | (6) |  | 2.65 |  | (432) |  | 28 |  | — |  | (415) |  | 26 |  | —
Payroll and related costs |  | (2,863) |  | (36) |  | 1.26 |  | (2,996) |  | (28) |  | 0.93 |  | (3,093) |  | (22) |  | 0.71
Other operating income (expense) |  | (766) |  | 13 |  | — |  | 287 |  | 19 |  | 6.62 |  | 129 |  | 319 |  | —
Finance income |  | 3,531 |  | 114 |  | 3.23 |  | 3,087 |  | 96 |  | 3.11 |  | 3,967 |  | 115 |  | 2.90
Finance expense |  | (4,958) |  | (26) |  | 0.52 |  | (4,079) |  | (36) |  | 0.88 |  | (4,663) |  | (283) |  | 6.07
Schedule of main cash flows with related parties | Main cash flows with related parties are provided below:
(€ million) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenues and other income |  | 1,199 |  | 1,252 |  | 1,391
Costs and other expenses |  | (5,789) |  | (6,869) |  | (5,210)
Other operating (expense) income |  | 13 |  | 19 |  | 319
Net change in trade and other receivables and payables |  | (136) |  | (839) |  | 683
Net interests |  | 73 |  | 81 |  | 110
Net cash provided from operating activities |  | (4,640) |  | (6,356) |  | (2,707)
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets |  | (842) |  | (2,332) |  | (2,768)
Net change in accounts payable and receivable in relation to investments |  | (370) |  | (339) |  | 20
Change in financial receivables |  | (160) |  | (241) |  | (566)
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (1,372) |  | (2,912) |  | (3,314)
Change in financial and lease liabilities |  | 164 |  | (817) |  | 16
Net cash used in financing activities |  | 164 |  | (817) |  | 16
Total financial flows to related parties |  | (5,848) |  | (10,085) |  | (6,005)
Schedule of impact of cash flows with related parties | The impact of cash flows with related parties consisted of the following:
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
|  |  |  | Related |  |  |  |  |  | Related |  |  |  |  |  | Related |  |
(€ million) |  | Total |  | parties |  | Impact % |  | Total |  | parties |  | Impact % |  | Total |  | parties |  | Impact %
Net cash provided from operating activities |  | 4,822 |  | (4,640) |  | — |  | 12,392 |  | (6,356) |  | — |  | 13,647 |  | (2,707) |  | —
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (4,587) |  | (1,372) |  | 29.91 |  | (11,413) |  | (2,912) |  | 25.51 |  | (7,536) |  | (3,314) |  | 43.98
Net cash used in financing activities |  | 3,253 |  | 164 |  | 5.04 |  | (5,841) |  | (817) |  | 13.99 |  | (2,637) |  | 16 |  | —

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v3.20.4

Other information about investments (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure of detailed information about investments |
Schedule of detailed information about parent company |
|  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  |
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership
Eni SpA(#) |  | Rome |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 4,005,358,876 |  | Cassa Depositi e Prestiti SpA |  | 25.96
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ministero dell’Economia e delle Finanze |  | 4.37
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni SpA |  | 0.92
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other shareholders |  | 68.75
Schedule of detailed information about principal joint ventures, joint operations and associates |
|  |  |  | Country of |  |  |  | % ownership |  | Eni's % of the
Company name |  | Registered office |  | operation |  | Business segment |  | interest |  | investment
Joint venture |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vår Energi AS |  | Forus (Norway) |  | Norway |  | Exploration & Production |  | 69.85 |  | 69.85
Saipem SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) (Italy) |  | Italy |  | Corporate and financial companies |  | 30.54 |  | 31.08
Unión Fenosa Gas SA |  | Madrid (Spain) |  | Spain |  | Global Gas & LNG Portfolio |  | 50.00 |  | 50.00
Cardón IV SA |  | Caracas (Venezuela) |  | Venezuela |  | Exploration & Production |  | 50.00 |  | 50.00
Gas Distribution Company of Thessaloniki - Thessaly SA |  | Ampelokipi- Menemeni (Greece) |  | Greece |  | Eni gas e luce |  | 49.00 |  | 49.00
Joint Operation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mozambique Rovuma Venture SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) (Italy) |  | Mozambique |  | Exploration & Production |  | 35.71 |  | 35.71
GreenStream BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Libya |  | Global Gas & LNG Portfolio |  | 50.00 |  | 50.00
Associates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Co (Takreer) |  | Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) |  | United Arab Emirates |  | Refining & Marketing |  | 20.00 |  | 20.00
Angola LNG Ltd |  | Hamilton (Bermuda) |  | Angola |  | Exploration & Production |  | 13.60 |  | 13.60
Coral FLNG SA |  | Maputo (Mozambique) |  | Mozambique |  | Exploration & Production |  | 25.00 |  | 25.00
Schedule of joint ventures | Main line items of profit and loss and balance sheet related to the principal joint ventures, represented by the amounts included in the reports accounted under IFRS of each company, are provided in the table below:
|  | 2020
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gas Distribution |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Company of |  | Other
|  | Vår Energi |  | Saipem |  | Unión Fenosa |  | Cardón IV |  | Thessaloniki -Thessaly |  | joint
(€ million) |  | AS |  | SpA |  | Gas SA |  | SA |  | SA |  | ventures
Current assets |  | 804 |  | 6,411 |  | 599 |  | 235 |  | 31 |  | 858
- of which cash and cash equivalent |  | 222 |  | 1,687 |  | 36 |  |  |  | 10 |  | 43
Non-current assets |  | 16,042 |  | 4,831 |  | 717 |  | 2,040 |  | 344 |  | 924
Total assets |  | 16,846 |  | 11,242 |  | 1,316 |  | 2,275 |  | 375 |  | 1,782
Current liabilities |  | 189 |  | 4,903 |  | 311 |  | 262 |  | 38 |  | 1,022
- current financial liabilities |  | 33 |  | 609 |  | 99 |  |  |  | 11 |  | 90
Non-current liabilities |  | 15,019 |  | 3,391 |  | 501 |  | 1,615 |  | 51 |  | 333
- non-current financial liabilities |  | 4,389 |  | 2,827 |  | 421 |  | 785 |  | 39 |  | 237
Total liabilities |  | 15,208 |  | 8,294 |  | 812 |  | 1,877 |  | 89 |  | 1,355
Net equity |  | 1,638 |  | 2,948 |  | 504 |  | 398 |  | 286 |  | 427
Eni’s % of the investment |  | 69.85 |  | 31.08 |  | 50.00 |  | 50.00 |  | 49.00 |  |
Book value of the investment |  | 1,144 |  | 908 |  | 242 |  | 199 |  | 140 |  | 188
Revenues and other income |  | 2,450 |  | 7,408 |  | 854 |  | 612 |  | 62 |  | 286
Operating expense |  | (980) |  | (6,980) |  | (805) |  | (453) |  | (19) |  | (304)
Depreciation, amortization and impairments |  | (3,425) |  | (1,273) |  | (108) |  | (95) |  | (16) |  | (85)
Operating profit (loss) |  | (1,955) |  | (845) |  | (59) |  | 64 |  | 27 |  | (103)
Finance income (expense) |  | 31 |  | (166) |  | (29) |  | (98) |  | (1) |  | (21)
Income (expense) from investments |  |  |  | 37 |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit (loss) before income taxes |  | (1,924) |  | (974) |  | (85) |  | (34) |  | 26 |  | (124)
Income taxes |  | 603 |  | (143) |  | (2) |  | (58) |  | (6) |  | (4)
Net profit (loss) |  | (1,321) |  | (1,117) |  | (87) |  | (92) |  | 20 |  | (128)
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (273) |  | 46 |  | (33) |  | (35) |  |  |  | (25)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (1,594) |  | (1,071) |  | (120) |  | (127) |  | 20 |  | (153)
Net profit (loss) attributable to Eni |  | (918) |  | (354) |  | (68) |  | (46) |  | 10 |  | (93)
Dividends received from the joint venture |  | 274 |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  | 9 |  | 10
|  | 2019
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gas Distribution |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Company of |  | Other
|  | Vår Energi |  | Saipem |  | Unión Fenosa |  | Cardón IV |  | Thessaloniki -Thessaly |  | joint
(€ million) |  | AS |  | SpA |  | Gas SA |  | SA |  | SA |  | ventures
Current assets |  | 1,385 |  | 7,012 |  | 585 |  | 208 |  | 31 |  | 551
- of which cash and cash equivalent |  | 182 |  | 2,272 |  | 41 |  | 6 |  | 12 |  | 40
Non-current assets |  | 18,427 |  | 5,997 |  | 827 |  | 2,383 |  | 322 |  | 1,085
Total assets |  | 19,812 |  | 13,009 |  | 1,412 |  | 2,591 |  | 353 |  | 1,636
Current liabilities |  | 2,374 |  | 5,204 |  | 225 |  | 255 |  | 24 |  | 819
- current financial liabilities |  | 33 |  | 557 |  | 49 |  |  |  | 9 |  | 165
Non-current liabilities |  | 13,820 |  | 3,680 |  | 563 |  | 2,040 |  | 46 |  | 354
- non-current financial liabilities |  | 3,929 |  | 3,147 |  | 493 |  | 1,140 |  | 33 |  | 274
Total liabilities |  | 16,194 |  | 8,884 |  | 788 |  | 2,295 |  | 70 |  | 1,173
Net equity |  | 3,618 |  | 4,125 |  | 624 |  | 296 |  | 283 |  | 463
Eni’s % of the investment |  | 69.60 |  | 30.99 |  | 50.00 |  | 50.00 |  | 49.00 |  |
Book value of the investment |  | 2,518 |  | 1,250 |  | 326 |  | 148 |  | 139 |  | 199
Revenues and other income |  | 2,552 |  | 9,118 |  | 1,255 |  | 598 |  | 58 |  | 270
Operating expense |  | (1,015) |  | (7,972) |  | (1,221) |  | (456) |  | (16) |  | (277)
Depreciation, amortization and impairments |  | (1,208) |  | (690) |  | (53) |  | (86) |  | (14) |  | (47)
Operating profit (loss) |  | 329 |  | 456 |  | (19) |  | 56 |  | 28 |  | (54)
Finance income (expense) |  | (1) |  | (210) |  | (37) |  | (133) |  | (1) |  | (14)
Income (expense) from investments |  |  |  | (18) |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit (loss) before income taxes |  | 328 |  | 228 |  | (50) |  | (77) |  | 27 |  | (68)
Income taxes |  | (258) |  | (130) |  | 8 |  | (103) |  | (7) |  | (12)
Net profit (loss) |  | 70 |  | 98 |  | (42) |  | (180) |  | 20 |  | (80)
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 40 |  | 66 |  | 11 |  | 5 |  |  |  |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 110 |  | 164 |  | (31) |  | (175) |  | 20 |  | (80)
Net profit (loss) attributable to Eni |  | 49 |  | 4 |  | (14) |  | (90) |  | 10 |  | (40)
Dividends received from the joint venture |  | 1,057 |  |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 6
Schedule of interests in associates | Main line items of profit and loss and balance sheet related to the principal associates represented by the amounts included in the reports accounted under IFRS of each company are provided in the table below:
2020 |  | Abu Dhabi |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Oil Refining Co |  | Angola LNG |  | Coral FLNG |  | Other
(€ million) |  | (TAKREER) |  | Ltd |  | SA |  | associates
Current assets |  | 1,391 |  | 618 |  | 133 |  | 623
- of which cash and cash equivalent |  | 97 |  | 428 |  | 83 |  | 303
Non-current assets |  | 17,938 |  | 8,633 |  | 4,777 |  | 4,072
Total assets |  | 19,329 |  | 9,251 |  | 4,910 |  | 4,695
Current liabilities |  | 4,897 |  | 424 |  | 172 |  | 656
- current financial liabilities |  | 4,404 |  | 101 |  |  |  | 263
Non-current liabilities |  | 2,757 |  | 1,187 |  | 4,186 |  | 3,068
- non-current financial liabilities |  | 456 |  | 999 |  | 4,186 |  | 2,928
Total liabilities |  | 7,654 |  | 1,611 |  | 4,358 |  | 3,724
Net equity |  | 11,675 |  | 7,640 |  | 552 |  | 971
Eni’s % of the investment |  | 20.00 |  | 13.60 |  | 25.00 |  |
Book value of the investment |  | 2,335 |  | 1,039 |  | 138 |  | 321
Revenues and other income |  | 11,933 |  | 976 |  | 1 |  | 954
Operating expense |  | (12,370) |  | (548) |  |  |  | (917)
Depreciation, amortization and impairments |  | (851) |  | (508) |  |  |  | (75)
Operating profit (loss) |  | (1,288) |  | (80) |  | 1 |  | (38)
Finance income (expense) |  | (91) |  | (96) |  | (11) |  | (13)
Income (expense) from investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16
Profit (loss) before income taxes |  | (1,379) |  | (176) |  | (10) |  | (35)
Income taxes |  | 4 |  |  |  | 2 |  | (9)
Net profit (loss) |  | (1,375) |  | (176) |  | (8) |  | (44)
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (1,101) |  | (710) |  | (48) |  | (60)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (2,476) |  | (886) |  | (56) |  | (104)
Net profit (loss) attributable to Eni |  | (275) |  | (24) |  | (2) |  | (26)
Dividends received from the associate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13
2019 |  | Abu Dhabi Oil |  |  |  | Coral |  |
|  | Refining Co |  | Angola LNG |  | FLNG |  | Other
(€ million) |  | (TAKREER) |  | Ltd |  | SA |  | associates
Current assets |  | 4,659 |  | 890 |  | 241 |  | 838
- of which cash and cash equivalent |  | 42 |  | 653 |  | 240 |  | 91
Non-current assets |  | 18,868 |  | 9,952 |  | 4,119 |  | 3,259
Total assets |  | 23,527 |  | 10,842 |  | 4,360 |  | 4,097
Current liabilities |  | 8,470 |  | 185 |  | 230 |  | 585
- current financial liabilities |  | 3,694 |  |  |  |  |  | 63
Non-current liabilities |  | 912 |  | 2,135 |  | 3,722 |  | 2,677
- non-current financial liabilities |  | 479 |  | 1,943 |  | 3,722 |  | 2,515
Total liabilities |  | 9,382 |  | 2,320 |  | 3,952 |  | 3,262
Net equity |  | 14,145 |  | 8,522 |  | 408 |  | 835
Eni’s % of the investment |  | 20.00 |  | 13.60 |  | 25.00 |  |
Book value of the investment |  | 2,829 |  | 1,159 |  | 102 |  | 264
Revenues and other income |  | 399 |  | 1,552 |  |  |  | 818
Operating expense |  | (357) |  | (549) |  |  |  | (763)
Depreciation, amortization and impairments |  | (335) |  | (509) |  |  |  | (28)
Operating profit (loss) |  | (293) |  | 494 |  |  |  | 27
Finance income (expense) |  | (46) |  | (151) |  | (12) |  | (2)
Income (expense) from investments |  | 282 |  |  |  |  |  | 35
Profit (loss) before income taxes |  | (57) |  | 343 |  | (12) |  | 60
Income taxes |  | 11 |  |  |  | 5 |  | (10)
Net profit (loss) |  | (46) |  | 343 |  | (7) |  | 50
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (59) |  | 162 |  | 8 |  | 5
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (105) |  | 505 |  | 1 |  | 55
Net profit (loss) attributable to Eni |  | (9) |  | 47 |  | (2) |  | 22
Dividends received from the associate |  | 46 |  |  |  |  |  | 15
Exploration & Production |
Disclosure of detailed information about investments |
Schedule of subsidiaries |
Company name |  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
In Italy |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Eni Angola SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Angola |  | EUR |  | 20,200,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Mediterranea Idrocarburi SpA |  | Gela (CL) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 5,200,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Mozambico SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Mozambique |  | EUR |  | 200,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Timor Leste SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | East Timor |  | EUR |  | 4,386,849 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni West Africa SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Angola |  | EUR |  | 10,000,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Floaters SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 200,120,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Ieoc SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Egypt |  | EUR |  | 7,518,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Società Petrolifera Italiana SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 8,034,400 |  | Eni SpA |  | 99.96 |  | 99.96 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 0.04 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (#) Company with shares quoted in the regulated market of Italy or of other EU countries
Company name |  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  |  |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Outside Italy |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Agip Caspian Sea BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Kazakhstan |  | EUR |  | 20,005 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Agip Energy and Natural Resources (Nigeria) Ltd |  | Abuja (Nigeria) |  | Nigeria |  | NGN |  | 5,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 95.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 5.00 |  |  |  |
Agip Karachaganak BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Kazakhstan |  | EUR |  | 20,005 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Burren Energy (Bermuda) Ltd (1) |  | Hamilton (Bermuda) |  | United Kingdom |  | USD |  | 12,002 |  | Burren Energy Plc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Burren Energy (Egypt) Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Egypt |  | GBP |  | 2 |  | Burren Energy Plc |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Burren Energy Congo Ltd |  | Tortola (British Virgin Islands) |  | Republic of the Congo |  | USD |  | 50,000 |  | Burren En.(Berm)Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Burren Energy India Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 2 |  | Burren Energy Plc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Burren Energy Plc |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 28,819,023 |  | Eni UK Holding Plc |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Burren Shakti Ltd (2) |  | Hamilton (Bermuda) |  | United Kingdom |  | USD |  | 213,138 |  | Burren En. India Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Abu Dhabi BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | United Arab Emirates |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni AEP Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Pakistan |  | GBP |  | 471,000 |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Albania BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Algeria Exploration BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Algeria |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Algeria Ltd Sàrl |  | Luxembourg (Luxembourg) |  | Algeria |  | USD |  | 20,000 |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Algeria Production BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Algeria |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Ambalat Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni America Ltd |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 72,000 |  | Eni UHL Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Angola Exploration BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Angola |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Angola Production BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Angola |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Argentina Exploración y Explotación SA |  | Buenos Aires (Argentina) |  | Argentina |  | ARS |  | 205,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 95.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 5.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value
|  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Eni Arguni I Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Australia BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Australia |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Australia Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Australia |  | GBP |  | 20,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Bahrain BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Bahrain |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni BB Petroleum Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 1,000 |  | Eni Petroleum Co Inc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni BTC Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni Bukat Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Canada Holding Ltd |  | Calgary (Canada) |  | Canada |  | USD |  | 1,453,200,001 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni CBM Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | USD |  | 2,210,728 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni China BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | China |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Congo SA |  | Pointe - Noire (Republic of the Congo) |  | Republic of the Congo |  | USD |  | 17,000,000 |  | Eni E&P Holding BV |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Int. NA NV Sàrl |  | (..) |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni International BV |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni Côte d’Ivoire Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Ivory Coast |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Cyprus Ltd |  | Nicosia (Cyprus) |  | Cyprus |  | EUR |  | 2,007 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Denmark BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Greenland |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni do Brasil Investimentos em Exploração e Produção de Petróleo Ltda |  | Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) |  | Brazil |  | BRL |  | 1,593,415,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.99 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni East Ganal Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni East Sepinggan Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Elgin/ Franklin Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 100 |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Energy Russia BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Exploration & Production Holding BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 29,832,777.12 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Gabon SA |  | Libreville (Gabon) |  | Gabon |  | XAF |  | 4,000,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Ganal Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 2 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value
|  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Eni Gas & Power LNG Australia BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Australia |  | EUR |  | 1,013,439 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Ghana Exploration and Production Ltd |  | Accra (Ghana) |  | Ghana |  | GHS |  | 21,412,500 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Hewett Ltd |  | Aberdeen (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 3,036,000 |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Hydrocarbons Venezuela Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Venezuela |  | GBP |  | 8,050,500 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni India Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | India |  | GBP |  | 44,000,000 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 100 |  | Eni ULX Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Indonesia Ots 1 Ltd |  | Grand Cayman (Cayman Islands) |  | Indonesia |  | USD |  | 1.01 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni International NA NV Sàrl |  | Luxembourg (Luxembourg) |  | United Kingdom |  | USD |  | 25,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Investments Plc |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 750,050,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni Iran BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Iran |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni Iraq BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Iraq |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Ireland BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Ireland |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Isatay BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Kazakhstan |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni JPDA 03‑13 Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Australia |  | GBP |  | 250,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni JPDA 06‑105 Pty Ltd |  | Perth (Australia) |  | Australia |  | AUD |  | 80,830,576 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni JPDA 11‑106 BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Australia |  | EUR |  | 50,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Kenya BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Kenya |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Krueng Mane Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 2 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Lasmo Plc |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 337,638,724.25 |  | Eni Investments Plc |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni Lebanon BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Lebanon |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Liverpool Bay Operating Co Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni LNS Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Marketing Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 1,000 |  | Eni Petroleum Co Inc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Maroc BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Morocco |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value
|  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Eni Mexico S. de RL de CV |  | Lomas De Chapultepec, Mexico City (México) |  | Mexico |  | MXN |  | 3,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.90 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 0.10 |  |  |  |
Eni Middle East Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni ULT Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni MOG Ltd (in liquidation) |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 0 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni LNS Ltd |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni Montenegro BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Republic of Montenegro |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Mozambique Engineering Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Mozambique LNG Holding BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Muara Bakau BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Indonesia |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Myanmar BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Myanmar |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni North Africa BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Libya |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni North Ganal Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Oil & Gas Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 100,800 |  | Eni America Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Oil Algeria Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Algeria |  | GBP |  | 1,000 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 450,000 |  | Eni ULX Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Oman BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Oman |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Pakistan Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Pakistan |  | GBP |  | 90,087 |  | Eni ULX Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Pakistan (M) Ltd Sàrl |  | Luxembourg (Luxembourg) |  | Pakistan |  | USD |  | 20,000 |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Petroleum Co Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 156,600,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 63.86 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni International BV |  | 36.14 |  |  |  |
Eni Petroleum US Llc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 1,000 |  | Eni BB Petroleum Inc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Portugal BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Portugal |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni RAK BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | United Arab Emirates |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Rapak Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 2 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni RD Congo SA |  | Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo) |  | Democratic Republic of the Congo |  | CDF |  | 750,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.99 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni Rovuma Basin BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Mozambique |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni Mozambique LNG H. BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Sharjah BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | United Arab Emirates |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni South Africa BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Republic of South Africa |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value
|  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Eni South China Sea Ltd Sàrl |  | Luxembourg (Luxembourg) |  | China |  | USD |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni TNS Ltd |  | Aberdeen (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 1,000 |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Tunisia BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Tunisia |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Turkmenistan Ltd |  | Hamilton (Bermuda) |  | Turkmenistan |  | USD |  | 20,000 |  | Burren En.(Berm)Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni UHL Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni ULT Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni UK Holding Plc |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 424,050,000 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni UK Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 50,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni UKCS Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 100 |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Ukraine Holdings BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Ukraine Llc |  | Kiev (Ukraine) |  | Ukraine |  | UAH |  | 90,765,492.19 |  | Eni Ukraine Hold.BV |  | 99.99 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni International BV |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |
Eni Ukraine Shallow Waters BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Ukraine |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni Ukraine Hold.BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni ULT Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 93,215,492.25 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni ULX Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 200,010,000 |  | Eni ULT Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni US Operating Co Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 1,000 |  | Eni Petroleum Co Inc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni USA Gas Marketing Llc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 10,000 |  | Eni Marketing Inc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni USA Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 1,000 |  | Eni Oil & Gas Inc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Venezuela BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Venezuela |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni Venezuela E&P Holding |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Venezuela E&P Holding SA |  | Bruxelles (Belgium) |  | Belgium |  | USD |  | 254,443,200 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni Ventures Plc (in liquidation) |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 0 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.99 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni Vietnam BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Vietnam |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni West Ganal Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni West Timor Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | GBP |  | 1 |  | Eni Indonesia Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Yemen Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 1,000 |  | Burren Energy Plc |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eurl Eni Algérie |  | Algiers (Algeria) |  | Algeria |  | DZD |  | 1,000,000 |  | Eni Algeria Ltd Sàrl |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
First Calgary Petroleums LP |  | Wilmington (USA) |  | Algeria |  | USD |  | 1 |  | Eni Canada Hold. Ltd |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | FCP Partner Co ULC |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |
First Calgary Petroleums Partner Co ULC |  | Calgary (Canada) |  | Canada |  | CAD |  | 10 |  | Eni Canada Hold. Ltd |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Ieoc Exploration BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Egypt |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Ieoc Production BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Egypt |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Lasmo Sanga Sanga Ltd |  | Hamilton (Bermuda) |  | Indonesia |  | USD |  | 12,000 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Mizamtec Operating Company S. de RL de CV |  | Mexico City (Mexico) |  | Mexico |  | MXN |  | 3,000 |  | Eni US Op. Co Inc |  | 99.90 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Petroleum Co Inc |  | 0.10 |  |  |  |
Liverpool Bay Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | USD |  | 1 |  | Eni ULX Ltd |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Nigerian Agip CPFA Ltd |  | Lagos (Nigeria) |  | Nigeria |  | NGN |  | 1,262,500 |  | NAOC Ltd Agip |  | 98.02 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | En Nat Res.Ltd |  | 0.99 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nigerian Agip E. Ltd |  | 0.99 |  |  |  |
Nigerian Agip Exploration Ltd |  | Abuja (Nigeria) |  | Nigeria |  | NGN |  | 5,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |
Nigerian Agip Oil Co Ltd |  | Abuja (Nigeria) |  | Nigeria |  | NGN |  | 1,800,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.89 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 0.11 |  |  |  |
OOO ‘Eni Energhia’ |  | Moscow (Russia) |  | Russia |  | RUB |  | 2,000,000 |  | Eni Energy Russia BV |  | 99.90 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 0.10 |  |  |  |
Zetah Congo Ltd |  | Nassau (Bahamas) |  | Republic of the Congo |  | USD |  | 300 |  | Eni Congo SA Burren |  | 66.67 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | En.Congo Ltd |  | 33.33 |  |  |  |
Zetah Kouilou Ltd |  | Nassau (Bahamas) |  | Republic of the Congo |  | USD |  | 2,000 |  | ​Eni Congo SA |  | 54.50 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Burren En.Congo Ltd |  | 37.00 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 8.50 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value
Schedule of interests in joint arrangements and associates |
In Italy |  | Registered |  | Country |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | of operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | % Equity ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Mozambique Rovuma Venture SpA (†) |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Mozambique |  | EUR |  | 20,000,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 35.71 |  | 35.71 |  | J.O.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 64.29 |  |  |  |
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agiba Petroleum Co (†) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Angola LNG Ltd |  | Hamilton (Bermuda) |  | Angola |  | USD |  | 9,952,000,000 |  | Eni Angola Prod.BV |  | 13.60 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 86.40 |  |  |  |
Ashrafi Island Petroleum Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Barentsmorneftegaz Sàrl(†) |  | Luxembourg (Luxembourg) |  | Russia |  | USD |  | 20,000 |  | Eni Energy Russia BV |  | 33.33 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 66.67 |  |  |  |
Cabo Delgado Gas Development Limitada(†) |  | Maputo (Mozambique) |  | Mozambique |  | MZN |  | 2,500,000 |  | Eni Mozam.LNG H. BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Cardón IV SA(†) |  | Caracas (Venezuela) |  | Venezuela |  | VES |  | 172.1 |  | Eni Venezuela BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Compañia Agua Plana SA |  | Caracas (Venezuela) |  | Venezuela |  | VES |  | 0.001 |  | Eni Venezuela BV |  | 26.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 74.00 |  |  |  |
Coral FLNG SA |  | Maputo (Mozambique) |  | Mozambique |  | MZN |  | 100,000,000 |  | Eni Mozam.LNG H. BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Coral South FLNG DMCC |  | Dubai (United Arab Emirates) |  | United Arab Emirates |  | AED |  | 500,000 |  | Eni Mozam.LNG H. BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
East Delta Gas Co (in liquidation) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 37.50 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 62.50 |  |  |  |
East Kanayis Petroleum Co(†) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
East Obaiyed Petroleum Co(†) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc SpA |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
El Temsah Petroleum Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
El-Fayrouz Petroleum Co(†) (in liquidation) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Exploration BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Fedynskmorneftegaz Sàrl(†) |  | Luxembourg (Luxembourg) |  | Russia |  | USD |  | 20,000 |  | Eni Energy Russia BV |  | 33.33 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 66.67 |  |  |  |
Isatay Operating Company Llp(†) |  | Nur-Sultan (Kazakhstan) |  | Kazakhstan |  | KZT |  | 400,000 |  | Eni Isatay BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Kazakhstan |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Agip Karachag.BV |  | 29.25 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 70.75 |  |  |  |
Karachaganak Project Development Ltd (KPD) (in liquidation) |  | Reading, Berkshire (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 100 |  | Agip Karachag.BV |  | 38.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 62.00 |  |  |  |
Khaleej Petroleum Co Wll |  | Safat (Kuwait) |  | Kuwait |  | KWD |  | 250,000 |  | Eni Middle E. Ltd |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 51.00 |  |  |  |
Liberty National Development Co Llc |  | Wilmington (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 0 | (a) | Eni Oil & Gas Inc |  | 32.50 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 67.50 |  |  |  |
Mediterranean Gas Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Meleiha Petroleum Company(†) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (†) Jointly controlled entity.
| (a) |  | Shares without nominal value.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | % |  |
|  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Mellitah Oil & Gas BV(†) |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Libya |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni North Africa BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Nile Delta Oil Co Nidoco |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 37.50 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 62.50 |  |  |  |
Norpipe Terminal Holdco Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Norway |  | GBP |  | 55.69 |  | Eni SpA |  | 14.20 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 85.80 |  |  |  |
North Bardawil Petroleum Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Exploration BV |  | 30.00 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 70.00 |  |  |  |
North El Burg Petroleum Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc SpA |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co(†) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
PetroBicentenario SA(†) |  | Caracas (Venezuela) |  | Venezuela |  | VES |  | 3,790 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 60.00 |  |  |  |
PetroJunín SA(†) |  | Caracas (Venezuela) |  | Venezuela |  | VES |  | 24,021 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 60.00 |  |  |  |
PetroSucre SA |  | Caracas (Venezuela) |  | Venezuela |  | VES |  | 2,203 |  | Eni Venezuela BV |  | 26.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 74.00 |  |  |  |
Pharaonic Petroleum Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Point Resources FPSO AS |  | Sandnes (Norway) |  | Norway |  | NOK |  | 150,100,000 |  | PR FPSO Holding AS |  | 100.00 |  |  |  |
Point Resources FPSO Holding AS |  | Sandnes (Norway) |  | Norway |  | NOK |  | 60,000 |  | Vår Energi AS |  | 100.00 |  |  |  |
Port Said Petroleum Co (†) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
PR Jotun DA |  | Sandnes (Norway) |  | Norway |  | NOK |  | 0 | (a) | PR FPSO AS |  | 95.00 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | PR FPSO Holding AS |  | 5.00 |  |  |  |
Raml Petroleum Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 22.50 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 77.50 |  |  |  |
Ras Qattara Petroleum Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 37.50 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 62.50 |  |  |  |
Rovuma Basin LNG Land Limitada(†) |  | Maputo (Mozambique) |  | Mozambique |  | MZN |  | 140,000 |  | Mozamb. Rov. V. SpA |  | 33.33 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 66.67 |  |  |  |
Rovuma LNG Investments (DIFC) Ltd |  | Dubai (United Arab Emirates) |  | Mozambique |  | USD |  | 50,000 |  | Eni Moz. LNG H. BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Rovuma LNG SA |  | Maputo (Mozambique) |  | Mozambique |  | MZN |  | 100,000,000 |  | Eni Moz. LNG H. BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Shorouk Petroleum Company |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Société Centrale Electrique du Congo SA |  | Pointe-Noire (Republic of the Congo) |  | Republic of the Congo |  | XAF |  | 44,732,000,000 |  | Eni Congo SA |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.00 |  |  |  |
Société Italo Tunisienne d’Exploitation Pétrolière SA(†) |  | Tunisi (Tunisia) |  | Tunisia |  | TND |  | 5,000,000 |  | Eni Tunisia BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Sodeps - Société de Developpement et d’Exploitation du Permis du Sud SA(†) |  | Tunisi (Tunisia) |  | Tunisia |  | TND |  | 100,000 |  | Eni Tunisia BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Thekah Petroleum Co (in liquidation) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Exploration BV |  | 25.00 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
United Gas Derivatives Co |  | New Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | USD |  | 153,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 33.33 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 66.67 |  |  |  |
Vår Energi AS(†) |  | Forus (Norway) |  | Norway |  | NOK |  | 399,425,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 69.85 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 30.15 |  |  |  |
Vår Energi Marine AS |  | Sandnes (Norway) |  | Norway |  | NOK |  | 61,000,000 |  | Vår Energi AS |  | 100.00 |  |  |  |
VIC CBM Ltd(†) |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | USD |  | 52,315,912 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Virginia Indonesia Co CBM Ltd(†) |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | Indonesia |  | USD |  | 25,631,640 |  | Eni Lasmo Plc |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
West Ashrafi Petroleum Co(†) (in liquidation) |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Exploration BV |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (†) Jointly controlled entity. (a) Shares without nominal value.
Schedule of detailed information about other significant investments |
|  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Share Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | valutation method(*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consorzio Universitario in Ingegneria per la Qualità e l’Innovazione |  | Pisa |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 136,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 20.00 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.00 |  |
Outside Italy
Administradora del Golfo de Paria Este SA |  | Caracas (Venezuela) |  | Venezuela |  | VES |  | 0.001 |  | Eni Venezuela BV |  | 19.50 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.50 |  |
Brass LNG Ltd |  | Lagos (Nigeria) |  | Nigeria |  | USD |  | 1,000,000 |  | Eni Int. NA NV Sàrl |  | 20.48 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 79.52 |  |
Darwin LNG Pty Ltd |  | West Perth (Australia) |  | Australia |  | AUD |  | 187,569,921.42 |  | Eni G&P LNG Aus. BV |  | 10.99 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 89.01 |  |
New Liberty Residential Co Llc |  | West Trenton (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 0 | (a) | Eni Oil & Gas Inc |  | 17.50 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 82.50 |  |
Nigeria LNG Ltd |  | Port Harcourt (Nigeria) |  | Nigeria |  | USD |  | 1,138,207,000 |  | Eni Int. NA NV Sàrl |  | 10.40 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 89.60 |  |
North Caspian Operating Company NV |  | The Hague (Netherlands) |  | Kazakhstan |  | EUR |  | 128,520 |  | Agip Caspian Sea BV |  | 16.81 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 83.19 |  |
OPCO - Sociedade Operacional Angola LNG SA |  | Luanda (Angola) |  | Angola |  | AOA |  | 7,400,000 |  | Eni Angola Prod.BV |  | 13.60 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 86.40 |  |
Petrolera Güiria SA |  | Caracas (Venezuela) |  | Venezuela |  | VES |  | 10 |  | Eni Venezuela BV |  | 19.50 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.50 |  |
SOMG - Sociedade de Operações e Manutenção de Gasodutos SA |  | Luanda (Angola) |  | Angola |  | AOA |  | 7,400,000 |  | Eni Angola Prod.BV |  | 10.57 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 89.43 |  |
Torsina Oil Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 20,000 |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 12.50 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 87.50 |  |
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio |
Disclosure of detailed information about investments |
Schedule of subsidiaries |
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In Italy |  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Eni Gas Transport Services Srl |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 120,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Co.
Eni Global Energy Markets SpA (former Eni Energy Activities Srl) |  | Rome |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 1,050,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Trading & Shipping SpA |  | Rome |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 60,036,650 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
LNG Shipping SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 240,900,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Trans Tunisian Pipeline Co SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Tunisia |  | EUR |  | 1,098,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni G&P Trading BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Turkey |  | EUR |  | 70,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Gas Liquefaction BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Société de Service du Gazoduc Transtunisien SA - Sergaz SA |  | Tunisi (Tunisia) |  | Tunisia |  | TND |  | 99,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 66.67 |  | 66.67 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 33.33 |  |  |  |
Société pour la Construction du Gazoduc Transtunisien SA - Scogat SA |  | Tunisi (Tunisia) |  | Tunisia |  | TND |  | 200,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.85 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni SpA |  | 0.05 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | LNG Shipping SpA |  | 0.05 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Trans Tunis.P.Co SpA |  | 0.05 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value
Schedule of interests in joint arrangements and associates |
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company name |  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
In Italy |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Mariconsult SpA(†) |  | Milan |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 120,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Transmed SpA(†) |  | Milan |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 240,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Angola LNG Supply Services Llc |  | Wilmington (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 19,278,782 |  | Eni USA Gas M. Llc |  | 13.60 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 86.40 |  |  |  |
Blue Stream Pipeline Co BV(†) |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Russia |  | USD |  | 22,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 50.00 |  | 74.62 | (a) | J.O.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
GreenStream BV(†) |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Libya |  | EUR |  | 200,000,000 |  | Eni North Africa BV |  | 50.00 |  | 50.00 |  | J.O.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Premium Multiservices SA |  | Tunisi (Tunisia) |  | Tunisia |  | TND |  | 200,000 |  | Sergaz SA |  | 49.99 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.01 |  |  |  |
SAMCO Sagl |  | Lugano (Switzerland) |  | Switzerland |  | CHF |  | 20,000 |  | Transmed.Pip.Co Ltd |  | 90.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni International BV |  | 5.00 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 5.00 |  |  |  |
Transmediterranean Pipeline Co Ltd(†) |  | St. Helier (Jersey) |  | Jersey |  | USD |  | 10,310,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 50.00 |  | 50.00 |  | J.O.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Unión Fenosa Gas SA(†) |  | Madrid (Spain) |  | Spain |  | EUR |  | 32,772,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (†) Jointly controlled entity. (a) Equity ratio equal to the Eni's working interest.
Schedule of detailed information about other significant investments |
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | % |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Share Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | valutation method(*)
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Norsea Gas GmbH |  | Emden (Germany) |  | Germany |  | EUR |  | 1,533,875.64 |  | Eni International BV |  | 13.04 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 86.96 |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (a) Shares without nominal value.
Refining & Marketing and Chemical |
Disclosure of detailed information about investments |
Schedule of subsidiaries | Refining & Marketing and Chemical Refining & Marketing
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In Italy |  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Ecofuel SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 52,000,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni4Cities SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 50,000 |  | Ecofuel SpA |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni Fuel SpA |  | Rome |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 58,944,310 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Trade & Biofuels SpA (former Eni Energia Srl) |  | Rome |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 3,050,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Petroven Srl |  | Genova |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 918,520 |  | Ecofuel SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Raffineria di Gela SpA |  | Gela (CL) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 15,000,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
SeaPad SpA |  | Genova |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 12,400,000 |  | Ecofuel SpA |  | 80.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 20.00 |  |  |  |
Servizi Fondo Bombole Metano SpA |  | Rome |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 13,580,000.20 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Co.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni Abu Dhabi Refining & Trading BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Abu Dhabi Refining & Trading Services BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni Abu Dhabi R&T BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Eni Austria GmbH |  | Wien (Austria) |  | Austria |  | EUR |  | 78,500,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 75.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Deutsch.GmbH |  | 25.00 |  |  |  |
Eni Benelux BV |  | Rotterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 1,934,040 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Deutschland GmbH |  | Munich (Germany) |  | Germany |  | EUR |  | 90,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 89.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 11.00 |  |  |  |
Eni Ecuador SA |  | Quito (Ecuador) |  | Ecuador |  | USD |  | 103,142.08 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.93 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Esain SA |  | 0.07 |  |  |  |
Eni France Sàrl |  | Lyon (France) |  | France |  | EUR |  | 56,800,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Iberia SLU |  | Alcobendas (Spain) |  | Spain |  | EUR |  | 17,299,100 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Lubricants Trading (Shanghai) Co Ltd |  | Shanghai (China) |  | China |  | EUR |  | 5,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Marketing Austria GmbH |  | Wien (Austria) |  | Austria |  | EUR |  | 19,621,665.23 |  | Eni Mineralölh.GmbH |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni International BV |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni Mineralölhandel GmbH |  | Wien (Austria) |  | Austria |  | EUR |  | 34,156,232.06 |  | Eni Austria GmbH |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Schmiertechnik GmbH |  | Wurzburg (Germany) |  | Germany |  | EUR |  | 2,000,000 |  | Eni Deutsch.GmbH |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Suisse SA |  | Lausanne (Switzerland) |  | Switzerland |  | CHF |  | 102,500,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Trading & Shipping Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 36,000,000 |  | ETS SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Transporte y Suministro México, S. de RL de CV |  | Mexico City (Mexico) |  | Mexico |  | MXN |  | 3,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.90 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 0.10 |  |  |  |
Eni USA R&M Co Inc |  | Wilmington (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 11,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Esacontrol SA |  | Quito (Ecuador) |  | Ecuador |  | USD |  | 60,000 |  | Eni Ecuador SA |  | 87.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 13.00 |  |  |  |
Esain SA |  | Quito (Ecuador) |  | Ecuador |  | USD |  | 30,000 |  | Eni Ecuador SA |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Tecnoesa SA |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Oléoduc du Rhône SA |  | Valais (Switzerland) |  | Switzerland |  | CHF |  | 7,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
OOO “Eni-Nefto” |  | Moscow (Russia) |  | Russia |  | RUB |  | 1,010,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.01 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 0.99 |  |  |  |
Tecnoesa SA |  | Quito (Ecuador) |  | Ecuador |  | USD |  | 36,000 |  | Eni Ecuador SA |  | 99.99 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Esain SA |  | (..) |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value Chemical
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company name |  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
In Italy |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Versalis SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 1,364,790,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dunastyr Polisztirolgyártó Zártkörûen Mûködõ Részvénytársaság |  | Budapest (Hungary) |  | Hungary |  | HUF |  | 4,332,947,072 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 96.34 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Versalis Deutsc.GmbH |  | 1.83 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Versalis Int.SA |  | 1.83 |  |  |  |
Versalis Americas Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 100,000 |  | Versalis International SA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Versalis Congo Sarlu |  | Pointe-Noire (Republic of the Congo) |  | Republic of the Congo |  | XAF |  | 1,000,000 |  | Versalis International SA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Versalis Deutschland GmbH |  | Eschborn (Germany) |  | Germany |  | EUR |  | 100,000 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Versalis France SAS |  | Mardyck (France) |  | France |  | EUR |  | 126,115,582.90 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Versalis International SA |  | Bruxelles (Belgium) |  | Belgium |  | EUR |  | 15,449,173.88 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 59.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Versalis Deutsc.GmbH |  | 23.71 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Dunastyr Zrt |  | 14.43 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Versalis France |  | 2.86 |  |  |  |
Versalis Kimya Ticaret Limited Sirketi |  | Istanbul (Turkey) |  | Turkey |  | TRY |  | 20,000 |  | Versalis Int. SA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Versalis México S. de R.L. de CV |  | Mexico City (Mexico) |  | Mexico |  | MXN |  | 1,000 |  | Versalis Intern. SA |  | 99.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Versalis SpA |  | 1.00 |  |  |  |
Versalis Pacific (India) Private Ltd |  | Mumbai (India) |  | India |  | INR |  | 238,700 |  | Versalis Sing. P. Ltd |  | 99.99 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Versalis Pacific Trading (Shanghai) Co Ltd |  | Shanghai (China) |  | China |  | CNY |  | 1,000,000 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Versalis Singapore Pte Ltd |  | Singapore (Singapore) |  | Singapore |  | SGD |  | 80,000 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Versalis UK Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 4,004,042 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Versalis Zeal Ltd |  | Tokoradi (Ghana) |  | Ghana |  | GHS |  | 5,650,000 |  | Versalis Intern. SA |  | 80.00 |  | 80.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 20.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value
Schedule of interests in joint arrangements and associates | Refining & Marketing and Chemical Refining & Marketing
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company name |  |  |  | of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
In Italy |  | Registered office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
Arezzo Gas SpA (†) |  | Arezzo |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 394,000 |  | Eni Fuel SpA |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
CePIM Centro Padano Interscambio Merci SpA |  | Fontevivo (PR) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 6,642,928.32 |  | Ecofuel SpA |  | 44.78 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 55.22 |  |  |  |
Consorzio Operatori GPL di Napoli |  | Napoli |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 102,000 |  | Eni Fuel SpA |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Costiero Gas Livorno SpA(†) |  | Livorno |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 26,000,000 |  | Eni Fuel SpA |  | 65.00 |  | 65.00 |  | J.O.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 35.00 |  |  |  |
Disma SpA |  | Segrate (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 2,600,000 |  | Eni Fuel SpA |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Livorno LNG Terminal SpA |  | Livorno |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 200,000 |  | Costiero Gas Liv. SpA |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Porto Petroli di Genova SpA |  | Genova |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 2,068,000 |  | Ecofuel SpA |  | 40.50 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 59.50 |  |  |  |
Raffineria di Milazzo ScpA(†) |  | Milazzo (ME) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 171,143,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 50.00 |  | 50.00 |  | J.O.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Seram SpA |  | Fiumicino (RM) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 852,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Sigea Sistema Integrato Genova Arquata SpA |  | Genova |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 3,326,900 |  | Ecofuel SpA |  | 35.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 65.00 |  |  |  |
Società Oleodotti Meridionali - SOM SpA(†) |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 3,085,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 30.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (†) Jointly controlled entity.
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidation
|  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  |  |  | % |  | or valutation
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | Equity ratio |  | method(*)
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Company (TAKREER) |  | Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) |  | United Arab Emirates |  | AED |  | 500,000,000 |  | Eni Abu Dhabi R&T BV |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.00 |  |  |  |
ADNOC Global Trading Ltd |  | Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) |  | United Arab Emirates |  | USD |  | 1,000 |  | Eni Abu Dhabi R&T BV |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.00 |  |  |  |
AET - Raffineriebeteiligungs gesellschaft mbH(†) |  | Schwedt (Germany) |  | Germany |  | EUR |  | 27,000 |  | Eni Deutsch.GmbH |  | 33.33 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 66.67 |  |  |  |
Bayernoil Raffineriegesellschaft mbH(†) |  | Vohburg (Germany) |  | Germany |  | EUR |  | 10,226,000 |  | Eni Deutsch.GmbH |  | 20.00 |  | 20.00 |  | J.O.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.00 |  |  |  |
City Carburoil SA(†) |  | Rivera (Switzerland) |  | Switzerland |  | CHF |  | 6,000,000 |  | Eni Suisse SA |  | 49.91 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.09 |  |  |  |
Egyptian International Gas Technology Co |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 100,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 60.00 |  |  |  |
ENEOS Italsing Pte Ltd |  | Singapore (Singapore) |  | Singapore |  | SGD |  | 12,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 22.50 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 77.50 |  |  |  |
Fuelling Aviation Services GIE |  | Tremblay en France (France) |  | France |  | EUR |  | 1 |  | Eni France Sàrl |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Mediterranée Bitumes SA |  | Tunisi (Tunisia) |  | Tunisia |  | TND |  | 1,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 34.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 66.00 |  |  |  |
Routex BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 67,500 |  | Eni International BV |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.00 |  |  |  |
Saraco SA |  | Meyrin (Switzerland) |  | Switzerland |  | CHF |  | 420,000 |  | Eni Suisse SA |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.00 |  |  |  |
Supermetanol CA(†) |  | Jose Puerto La Cruz (Venezuela) |  | Venezuela |  | VES |  | 120,867 |  | Ecofuel SpA |  | 34.51 | (a) | 50.00 |  | J.O.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Supermetanol CA |  | 30.07 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 35.42 |  |  |  |
TBG Tanklager Betriebsgesellschaft GmbH(†) |  | Salzburg (Austria) |  | Austria |  | EUR |  | 43,603.70 |  | Eni Market.A.GmbH |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Weat Electronic Datenservice GmbH |  | Düsseldorf (Germany) |  | Germany |  | EUR |  | 409,034 |  | Eni Deutsch.GmbH |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (†) Jointly controlled entity.
(a) Controlling interest: | Ecofuel SpA | 50.00
| Third parties | 50.00
Chemical
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | % |  |
|  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Share Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brindisi Servizi Generali Scarl |  | Brindisi |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 1,549,060 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 20.20 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | EniPower SpA |  | 8.90 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 21.90 |  |  |  |
Finproject SpA |  | Morrovalle (MC) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 18,500,000 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 60.00 |  |  |  |
IFM Ferrara ScpA |  | Ferrara |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 5,270,466 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 19.74 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 11.58 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | S.E.F. Srl |  | 10.70 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 57.98 |  |  |  |
Matrìca SpA(†) |  | Porto Torres (SS) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 37,500,000 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Priolo Servizi ScpA |  | Melilli (SR) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 28,100,000 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 35.15 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 5.04 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 59.81 |  |  |  |
Ravenna Servizi Industriali ScpA |  | Ravenna |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 5,597,400 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 42.13 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | EniPower SpA |  | 30.37 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ecofuel SpA |  | 1.85 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 25.65 |  |  |  |
Servizi Porto Marghera Scarl |  | Venezia Marghera (VE) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 8,695,718 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 48.44 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 38.39 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 13.17 |  |  |  |
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lotte Versalis Elastomers Co Ltd(†) |  | Yeosu (South Korea) |  | South Korea |  | KRW |  | 501,800,000,000 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
VPM Oilfield Specialty Chemicals Llc (†) |  | Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) |  | United Arab Emirates |  | AED |  | 1,000,000 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 51.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (†) Jointly controlled entity.
Schedule of detailed information about other significant investments | Refining & Marketing and Chemical Refining & Marketing
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | % |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Share Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | valutation method(*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Società Italiana Oleodotti di Gaeta SpA(4) |  | Rome |  | Italy |  | ITL |  | 360,000,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 72.48 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 27.52 |  |
Company name |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | Consolidation or
Outside Italy |  | Registered office |  | Country of operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | valutation method(*)
BFS Berlin Fuelling Services GbR |  | Hamburg (Germany) |  | Germany |  | EUR |  | 89,199 |  | Eni Deutsch.GmbH |  | 12.50 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 87.50 |  |
Compania de Economia Mixta ‘Austrogas’ |  | Cuenca (Ecuador) |  | Ecuador |  | USD |  | 5,665,329 |  | Eni Ecuador SA |  | 13.38 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 86.62 |  |
Dépôt Pétrolier de Fos SA |  | Fos-Sur-Mer (France) |  | France |  | EUR |  | 3,954,196.40 |  | Eni France Sàrl |  | 16.81 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 83.19 |  |
Dépôt Pétrolier de la Côte d’Azur SAS |  | Nanterre (France) |  | France |  | EUR |  | 207,500 |  | Eni France Sàrl |  | 18.00 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 82.00 |  |
Joint Inspection Group Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 0 | (a) | Eni SpA |  | 12.50 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 87.50 |  |
Saudi European Petrochemical Co "IBN ZAHR" |  | Al Jubail (Saudi Arabia) |  | Saudi Arabia |  | SAR |  | 1,200,000,000 |  | Ecofuel SpA |  | 10.00 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 90.00 |  |
S.I.P.G. Société Immobilière Pétrolière de Gestion Snc |  | Tremblay-En-France (France) |  | France |  | EUR |  | 40,000 |  | Eni France Sàrl |  | 12.50 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 87.50 |  |
Sistema Integrado de Gestion de Aceites Usados |  | Madrid (Spain) |  | Spain |  | EUR |  | 175,713 |  | Eni Iberia SLU |  | 15.44 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 84.56 |  |
Tanklager - Gesellschaft Tegel (TGT) GbR |  | Hamburg (Germany) |  | Germany |  | EUR |  | 4,953 |  | Eni Deutsch.GmbH |  | 12.50 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 87.50 |  |
TAR - Tankanlage Ruemlang AG |  | Ruemlang (Switzerland) |  | Switzerland |  | CHF |  | 3,259,500 |  | Eni Suisse SA |  | 16.27 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 83.73 |  |
Tema Lube Oil Co Ltd |  | Accra (Ghana) |  | Ghana |  | GHS |  | 258,309 |  | Eni International BV |  | 12.00 |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 88.00 |  |
Chemical
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Novamont SpA |  | Novara |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 13,333,500 |  | Versalis SpA |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (a) Shares without nominal value.
Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables |
Disclosure of detailed information about investments |
Schedule of subsidiaries | Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables Eni gas e luce
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | Registered office |  | Country of operation |  | Currency |  | Share Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | % Equity ratio |  | valutation method (*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni gas e luce SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 750,000,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Evolvere Smart Srl |  | Milan |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 100,000 |  | Evolvere Venture SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 70.52 |  | F.C.
Evolvere SpA Società Benefit |  | Milan |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 1,130,000 |  | Eni gas e luce SpA |  | 70.52 |  | 70.52 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 29.48 |  |  |  |
Evolvere Venture SpA |  | Milan |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 50,000 |  | Evolvere SpA Soc. Ben. |  | 100.00 |  | 70.52 |  | F.C.
SEA SpA |  | L'Aquila |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 100,000 |  | Eni gas e luce SpA |  | 60.00 |  | 60.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 40.00 |  |  |  |
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adriaplin Podjetje za distribucijo zemeljskega plina doo Ljubljana |  | Ljubljana (Slovenia) |  | Slovenia |  | EUR |  | 12,956,935 |  | Eni gas e luce SpA |  | 51.00 |  | 51.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 49.00 |  |  |  |
Eni Gas & Power France SA |  | Levallois Perret (France) |  | France |  | EUR |  | 29,937,600 |  | Eni gas e luce SpA |  | 99.87 |  | 99.87 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 0.13 |  |  |  |
Gas Supply Company Thessaloniki - Thessalia SA |  | Thessaloniki (Greece) |  | Greece |  | EUR |  | 13,761,788 |  | Eni gas e luce SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Power
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
EniPower Mantova SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 144,000,000 |  | EniPower SpA |  | 86.50 |  | 86.50 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 13.50 |  |  |  |
EniPower SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 944,947,849 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value Renewables
|  |  |  | Country of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | Registered office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Share Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | % Equity ratio |  | valutation method (*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CGDB Enrico Srl |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 10,000 |  | Eni New Energy SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
CGDB Laerte Srl |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 10,000 |  | Eni New Energy SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni New Energy SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 9,296,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Wind Park Laterza Srl |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 10,000 |  | Eni New Energy SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Arm Wind Llp |  | Nur-Sultan (Kazakhstan) |  | Kazakhstan |  | KZT |  | 7,963,200,000 |  | Eni Energy Solutions BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Energy Solutions BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni New Energy Egypt SAE |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 250,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.98 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ieoc Exploration BV |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ieoc Production BV |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |
Eni New Energy Pakistan (Private) Ltd |  | Saddar Town-Karachi (Pakistan) |  | Pakistan |  | PKR |  | 136,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.98 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Hold. BV |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Pakistan Ltd (M) |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |
Eni New Energy US Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 100 |  | Eni Petroleum Co Inc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni North Sea Wind Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 10,000 |  | Eni Energy Solutions BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value
Schedule of interests in joint arrangements and associates | Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables Eni gas e luce
|  |  |  | Country of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | Registered office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Share Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | % Equity ratio |  | valutation method (*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
E-Prosume Srl (†) |  | Milan |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 100,000 |  | Evolvere Venture SpA |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |  |  |
Evogy Srl |  | Seriate (BG) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 10,000 |  | Evolvere Venture SpA |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 60.00 |  |  |  |
PV Family Srl |  | Cagliari |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 131,200 |  | Evolvere SpA Soc. Ben. |  | 23.78 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 76.22 |  |  |  |
Renewable Dispatching Srl |  | Milan |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 49,000 |  | Evolvere Venture SpA |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 60.00 |  |  |  |
Tate Srl |  | Bologna |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 408,509.29 |  | Evolvere Venture SpA |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 80.00 |  |  |  |
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gas Distribution Company of Thessaloniki - Thessaly SA (†) |  | Ampelokipi-Menemeni (Greece) |  | Greece |  | EUR |  | 247,127,605 |  | Eni gas e luce SpA |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 51.00 |  |  |  |
OVO Energy (France) SAS |  | Paris (France) |  | France |  | EUR |  | 66,666.66 |  | Eni gas e luce SpA |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Power
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Società EniPower Ferrara Srl (†) |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 140,000,000 |  | EniPower SpA |  | 51.00 |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 49.00 |  |
Renewables
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ayla Energy Ltd (†) |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | USD |  | 1,000 |  | Eni En. Solutions BV |  | 50.00 |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |
Novis Renewables Holdings Llc |  | Wilmington (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 100 |  | Eni New Energy US |  | 49.00 |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 51.00 |  |
Novis Renewables Llc (†) |  | Wilmington (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 100 |  | Eni New Energy US |  | 50.00 |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |
Société Energies Renouvelables Eni-ETAP SA (†) |  | Tunisi (Tunisia) |  | Tunisia |  | TND |  | 1,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 50.00 |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |
Solenova Ltd (†) |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | USD |  | 1,580,000 |  | Eni En. Solutions BV |  | 50.00 |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 50.00 |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (†) Jointly controlled entity.
Corporate and Other activities |
Disclosure of detailed information about investments |
Schedule of subsidiaries |
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agenzia Giornalistica Italia SpA |  | Rome |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 2,000,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
D-Service Media Srl (in liquidation) |  | Milan |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 75,000 |  | D-Share SpA |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
D-Share SpA |  | Milan |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 121,719.25 |  | Agi SpA |  | 55.21 |  | 55.21 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 44.79 |  |  |  |
Eni Corporate University SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 3,360,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Energia Italia Srl |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 50,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Co.
Eni Nuova Energia Srl |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 50,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Co.
EniProgetti SpA |  | Venezia Marghera (VE) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 2,064,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
EniServizi SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 13,427,419.08 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Serfactoring SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 5,160,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 49.00 |  | 49.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 51.00 |  |  |  |
Servizi Aerei SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 79,817,238 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banque Eni SA |  | Bruxelles (Belgium) |  | Belgium |  | EUR |  | 50,000,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 99.90 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni Oil Holdings BV |  | 0.10 |  |  |  |
D-Share USA Corp. |  | New York (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 0(a) |  | D-Share SpA |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Co.
Eni Finance International SA |  | Bruxelles (Belgium) |  | Belgium |  | USD |  | 1,480,365,336 |  | Eni International BV |  | 66.39 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni SpA |  | 33.61 |  |  |  |
Eni Finance USA Inc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 15,000,000 |  | Eni Petroleum Co Inc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni Insurance DAC |  | Dublin (Ireland) |  | Ireland |  | EUR |  | 500,000,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni International BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 641,683,425 |  | Eni SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Eni International Resources Ltd |  | London (United Kingdom) |  | United Kingdom |  | GBP |  | 50,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni UK Ltd |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Eni Next Llc |  | Dover (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 100 |  | Eni Petroleum Co Inc |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
EniProgetti Egypt Ltd |  | Cairo (Egypt) |  | Egypt |  | EGP |  | 50,000 |  | Eni Progetti SpA |  | 99.00 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Eni SpA |  | 1.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (a) Shares without nominal value. Other activities
|  |  |  | Country |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Registered |  | of |  |  |  | Share |  |  |  | % |  | % Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Capital |  | Shareholders |  | Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Anic Partecipazioni SpA (in liquidation) |  | Gela (CL) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 23,519,847.16 |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 99.97 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 0.03 |  |  |  |
Eni Rewind SpA |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 355,145,040.30 |  | Eni SpA |  | 99.99 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | (..) |  |  |  |
Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico - ISAF - SpA (in liquidation) |  | Gela (CL) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 1,300,000 |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 52.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 48.00 |  |  |  |
Ing. Luigi Conti Vecchi SpA |  | Assemini (CA) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 5,518,620.64 |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 100.00 |  | 100.00 |  | F.C.
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni Rewind International BV |  | Amsterdam (Netherlands) |  | Netherlands |  | EUR |  | 20,000 |  | Eni International BV |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
Oleodotto del Reno SA |  | Coira (Switzerland) |  | Switzerland |  | CHF |  | 1,550,000 |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value
Schedule of interests in joint arrangements and associates |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | % |  |
|  | Registered |  | Country of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Equity |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | office |  | operation |  | Currency |  | Share Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | ratio |  | valutation method(*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consorzio per l'attuazione del Progetto Divertor Tokamak Test DTT Scarl (†) |  | Frascati (RM) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 1,000,000 |  | Eni SpA |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | Co.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 75.00 |  |  |  |
Saipem SpA (#) (†) |  | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 2,191,384,693 |  | Eni SpA |  | 30.54 | (a) |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Saipem SpA |  | 1.73 |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 67.73 |  |  |  |
Outside Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commonwealth Fusion Systems Llc |  | Wilmington (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 215,000,515 |  | Eni Next Llc |  |  |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  |  |  |  |  |
CZero Inc |  | Wilmington (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 8,116,660.78 |  | Eni Next Llc |  |  |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  |  |  |  |  |
Form Energy Inc |  | Sommerville (USA) |  | USA |  | USD |  | 124,001,561.31 |  | Eni Next Llc |  |  |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  |  |  |  |  |
Tecninco Engineering Contractors Llp (†) |  | Aksai (Kazakhstan) |  | Kazakhstan |  | KZT |  | 29,478,455.00 |  | Eni Next Llc |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 51.00 |  |  |  |
Other activities
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Progetto Nuraghe Scarl |  | Porto Torres (SS) |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 10,000 |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 48.55 |  |  |  | Eq.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 51.45 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value (#) Company with shares quoted in the regulated market of Italy or of other EU countries (†) Jointly controlled entity.
Schedule of detailed information about other significant investments | Other activities
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidation or
Company name |  | Registered office |  | Country of operation |  | Currency |  | Share Capital |  | Shareholders |  | % Ownership |  | % Equity ratio |  | valutation method (*)
In Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ottana Sviluppo ScpA (in bankruptcy) |  | Nuoro |  | Italy |  | EUR |  | 516,000 |  | Eni Rewind SpA |  | 30.00 |  |  |  | F.V.
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Third parties |  | 70.00 |  |  |  |
(*) F.C. = full consolidation, J.O. = joint operation, Eq. = equity-accounted, Co. = valued at cost, F.V. = valued at fair value

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v3.20.4

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic (Details) € / shares in Units, € in Millions |  |  | 1 Months Ended | 2 Months Ended | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€) $ / bbl | Mar. 31, 2020 $ / bbl | Oct. 31, 2020 EUR (€) instrument | May 31, 2020 EUR (€) | Aug. 31, 2020 $ / bbl | Mar. 31, 2021 $ / bbl | Dec. 31, 2022 $ / bbl | Dec. 31, 2021 $ / bbl | Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€) $ / bbl instrument € / shares | Dec. 31, 2019 EUR (€) $ / bbl | Dec. 31, 2018 EUR (€)
COVID-19 impact |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brent price per bbl | $ / bbl | 50 | 15 |  |  | 45 | 60 |  |  |  |  |
Percentage of increase (decrease) in Brent oil price |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (35.00%) |  |
Percentage of increase (decrease) in price of natural gas |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (35.00%) |  |
Increase (decrease) in Standard Eni Refining Margin benchmark |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (60.00%) |  |
Long-term Brent price (in 2023 real terms) | $ / bbl | 60 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 60 | 70 |
Profit (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € (8,628) | € 155 | € 4,137
Impact on profit (loss) of lower realized prices and margins for hydrocarbons |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6,800) |  |
Impact on profit (loss) of lower production volumes and other business impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,000) |  |
Impairment losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3,183) | (2,188) | (866)
Inventory write-down |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,300) |  |
Equity-accounted investments loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,733) | (88) | (68)
Profit (loss) from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3,275) | 6,432 | 9,983
Write-down of deferred tax assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,300) |  |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 4,822 | 12,392 | € 13,647
Increase (decrease) in net cash provided by operating activities (as a percent) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (61.00%) |  |
Impact on net cash provided by operating activities of lower prices of hydrocarbons and other scenario effects |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € (6,000) |  |
Impact on net cash provided by operating activities of COVID-19 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € (1,300) |  |
Floor dividend per share | € / shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 0.36 |  |
Brent oil price assumption for floor dividend | $ / bbl |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 43 |  |
Net borrowings before IFRS 16 | € 11,568 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 11,568 | 11,477 |
Leverage ratio | 0.31 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.31 |  |
Liquidity reserve | € 20,400 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 20,400 |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | 9,413 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,413 | 5,994 |
Financial assets held for trading | 5,502 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,502 | 6,760 |
Short-term financing receivables | 200 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 200 |  |
Short-term Debt | 2,882 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,882 | 2,452 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 1,909 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,909 | € 3,156 |
Committed capex | € 14,675 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 14,675 |  |
Forecast |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
COVID-19 impact |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brent price per bbl | $ / bbl |  |  |  |  |  |  | 55 | 50 |  |  |
Long-term Brent price (in 2023 real terms) | $ / bbl | 60 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 60 | 70 |
Average |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
COVID-19 impact |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brent price per bbl | $ / bbl |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 42 |  |
Perpetual subordinated bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
COVID-19 impact |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of euro-denominated perpetual subordinated hybrid bonds issued | instrument |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |
Nominal value | € 3 |  | € 3,000 |  |  |  |  |  | € 3 |  |
within 1 year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
COVID-19 impact |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Committed capex | 4,264 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,264 |  |
Instalments of leasing contracts | 1,100 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,100 |  |
Expected dividends to be paid | 1,500 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,500 |  |
Committed borrowing facilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
COVID-19 impact |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Undrawn borrowing facilities | 5,295 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,295 | € 4,667 |
Euro Medium Term Notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
COVID-19 impact |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings |  |  |  | € 2,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nominal value | 16,257 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16,257 |  |
Ordinary Bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
COVID-19 impact |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,514 |  |
Nominal value | 19,313 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19,313 |  |
Current portion of long-term debt | 1,140 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,140 | € 2,642 |
Other maturing long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
COVID-19 impact |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt | € 1,100 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 1,100 |  |

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Significant accounting policies, estimates and judgements - Currency (Details) | 12 Months Ended |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 € / $ | Dec. 31, 2020 € / $ € / £ | Dec. 31, 2020 € / $ € / $ | Dec. 31, 2019 € / $ | Dec. 31, 2019 € / $ € / £ | Dec. 31, 2019 € / $ € / $ | Dec. 31, 2018 € / $ | Dec. 31, 2018 € / $ € / £ | Dec. 31, 2018 € / $ € / $ | Dec. 31, 2020 € / £ | Dec. 31, 2020 € / $ | Dec. 31, 2019 € / £ | Dec. 31, 2019 € / $ | Dec. 31, 2018 € / £ | Dec. 31, 2018 € / $
Significant accounting policies, estimates and judgements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Annual average exchange rate | 1.14 | 0.89 | 1.66 | 1.12 | 0.88 | 1.61 | 1.18 | 0.88 | 1.58 |  |  |  |  |  |
Exchange rate | 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 0.90 | 1.59 | 0.85 | 1.60 | 0.89 | 1.62

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--- | ---
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Significant accounting policies, estimates and judgements |
Period of capitalisation of costs directly associated with exploration well after drilling is completed | 12 months
Number of days past due for financial asset to be considered in default | 180 days

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v3.20.4

Cash and cash equivalents (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | € 9,413 | € 5,994
Financial assets classified as cash and cash equivalents | 6,913 | 3,984
Restricted cash | 198 | € 198
Euro |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |
Short-term deposits, classified as cash equivalents | € 5,948 |
Average maturity period | 50 days |
Effective interest rate | (0.40%) |
US Dollars |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |
Short-term deposits, classified as cash equivalents | € 944 |
Average maturity period | 8 days |
Effective interest rate | 0.25% |

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v3.20.4

Financial assets held for trading (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Financial assets held for trading |  |
Financial assets held for trading | € 5,502 | € 6,760
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign state |  |
Financial assets held for trading |  |
Financial assets held for trading | 1,223 | 1,462
Other |  |
Financial assets held for trading |  |
Financial assets held for trading | € 4,279 | € 5,298

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v3.20.4

Financial assets held for trading - Breakdown by currency (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Financial assets held for trading |  |
Financial assets held for trading | € 5,502 | € 6,760
Euro |  |
Financial assets held for trading |  |
Financial assets held for trading | 3,731 | 4,272
US Dollars |  |
Financial assets held for trading |  |
Financial assets held for trading | 1,688 | 2,279
Other |  |
Financial assets held for trading |  |
Financial assets held for trading | € 83 | € 209

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v3.20.4

Financial assets held for trading - Breakdown by issuing entity and credit rating (Details) - Financial assets held for trading € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€)
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | € 5,450
Fair value | 5,502
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign state |
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | 1,206
Fair value | 1,223
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states, Fixed rate bonds |
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | 854
Fair value | 870
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states, Fixed rate bonds | Italy |
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | 499
Fair value | € 506
Rating - Moody's | Baa3
Rating - S&P | BBB
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states, Fixed rate bonds | Chile |
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | € 187
Fair value | € 192
Rating - Moody's | A1
Rating - S&P | A+
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states, Fixed rate bonds | Other countries |
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | € 168
Fair value | € 172
Rating - Moody's | from Aaa to Baa1
Rating - S&P | from AAA to A-
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states, Floating rate bonds |
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | € 352
Fair value | 353
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states, Floating rate bonds | Italy |
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | 253
Fair value | € 255
Rating - Moody's | Baa3
Rating - S&P | BBB
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states, Floating rate bonds | Germany |
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | € 56
Fair value | € 55
Rating - Moody's | Aaa
Rating - S&P | AAA
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states, Floating rate bonds | Other countries |
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | € 43
Fair value | € 43
Rating - Moody's | from Aaa to Baa3
Rating - S&P | from AA+ to BBB
Other Bonds |
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | € 4,244
Fair value | 4,279
Other Bonds Fixed rate bonds |
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | 1,921
Fair value | 1,957
Other Bonds Fixed rate bonds | Quoted bonds issued by industrial companies |
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | 974
Fair value | € 992
Rating - Moody's | from Aa2 to Baa3
Rating - S&P | from AA to BBB-
Other Bonds Fixed rate bonds | Quoted bonds issued by financial and insurance companies |
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | € 893
Fair value | € 910
Rating - Moody's | from Aa1 to Baa3
Rating - S&P | from AA+ to BBB-
Other Bonds Fixed rate bonds | Other bond |
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | € 54
Fair value | € 55
Rating - Moody's | from Aaa to Baa3
Rating - S&P | from AAA to BBB-
Other Bonds Floating rate bonds |
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | € 2,323
Fair value | 2,322
Other Bonds Floating rate bonds | Quoted bonds issued by industrial companies |
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | 791
Fair value | € 787
Rating - Moody's | from Aa1 to Baa3
Rating - S&P | from AA+ to BBB-
Other Bonds Floating rate bonds | Quoted bonds issued by financial and insurance companies |
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | € 1,298
Fair value | € 1,301
Rating - Moody's | from Aa1 to Baa3
Rating - S&P | from AA+ to BBB-
Other Bonds Floating rate bonds | Other bond |
Financial assets held for trading |
Nominal value | € 234
Fair value | € 234
Rating - Moody's | from Aaa to Baa3
Rating - S&P | from AAA to BBB-

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v3.20.4

Financial assets held for trading - Additional information (Details) - EUR (€) € in Thousands | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Financial assets held for trading |  |
Financial assets held for trading | € 5,502,000 | € 6,760,000
Financial assets held for trading |  |
Financial assets held for trading |  |
Fair value | 5,502,000 |
Individual amount limit to be included in other related parties | 50,000 |
Financial assets held for trading | Level 1 |  |
Financial assets held for trading |  |
Fair value | 5,248,000 |
Financial assets held for trading | Level 2 |  |
Financial assets held for trading |  |
Fair value | 254,000 |
Securities lending |  |
Financial assets held for trading |  |
Financial assets held for trading | € 1,361,000 | € 1,347,000

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v3.20.4

Trade and other receivables - Analysis (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade receivables | € 7,087 | € 8,519
Receivables from divestments | 21 | 30
Receivables from joint ventures in exploration and production activities | 2,293 | 2,637
Other receivables | 1,525 | 1,687
Total trade and other current receivables | € 10,926 | € 12,873

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v3.20.4

Trade and other receivables - Risk exposure and expected losses (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | € 10,926 | € 12,873
Expected loss (% net of counterpart risk mitigation factors) | 22.40% | 20.10%
Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | € 14,083 | € 16,119
Accumulated impairment |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | (3,157) | (3,246)
Performing receivables | Low risk |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | € 3,450 | € 4,756
Expected loss (% net of counterpart risk mitigation factors) | 0.90% | 0.30%
Performing receivables | Low risk | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | € 3,482 | € 4,769
Performing receivables | Low risk | Accumulated impairment |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | (32) | (13)
Performing receivables | Medium Risk |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | € 3,795 | € 3,453
Expected loss (% net of counterpart risk mitigation factors) | 0.60% | 0.10%
Performing receivables | Medium Risk | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | € 3,816 | € 3,457
Performing receivables | Medium Risk | Accumulated impairment |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | (21) | (4)
Performing receivables | High Risk |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | € 438 | € 1,449
Expected loss (% net of counterpart risk mitigation factors) | 6.20% | 1.10%
Performing receivables | High Risk | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | € 467 | € 1,465
Performing receivables | High Risk | Accumulated impairment |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | (29) | (16)
Defaulted receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | € 1,716 | € 1,776
Expected loss (% net of counterpart risk mitigation factors) | 58.60% | 58.90%
Defaulted receivables | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | € 4,145 | € 4,323
Defaulted receivables | Accumulated impairment |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | (2,429) | (2,547)
Eni gas e luce customers |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | € 1,527 | € 1,439
Expected loss (% net of counterpart risk mitigation factors) | 29.70% | 31.60%
Eni gas e luce customers | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | € 2,173 | € 2,105
Eni gas e luce customers | Accumulated impairment |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | (646) | (666)
Business customers | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | 5,927 | 7,040
Business customers | Performing receivables | Low risk | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | 1,398 | 1,922
Business customers | Performing receivables | Medium Risk | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | 2,746 | 2,882
Business customers | Performing receivables | High Risk | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | 432 | 840
Business customers | Defaulted receivables | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | 1,351 | 1,396
National oil companies and public administrations | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | 4,121 | 4,627
National oil companies and public administrations | Performing receivables | Low risk | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | 841 | 1,201
National oil companies and public administrations | Performing receivables | Medium Risk | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | 620 | 472
National oil companies and public administrations | Performing receivables | High Risk | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | 7 | 244
National oil companies and public administrations | Defaulted receivables | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | 2,653 | 2,710
Other counterparties | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | 4,035 | 4,452
Other counterparties | Performing receivables | Low risk | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | 1,243 | 1,646
Other counterparties | Performing receivables | Medium Risk | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | 450 | 103
Other counterparties | Performing receivables | High Risk | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | 28 | 381
Other counterparties | Defaulted receivables | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | 141 | 217
Other counterparties | Eni gas e luce customers | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | € 2,173 | € 2,105

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v3.20.4

Trade and other receivables - Provision matrix (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | € 10,926 | € 12,873
Expected loss | 22.40% | 20.10%
Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | € 14,083 | € 16,119
Accumulated impairment |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | (3,157) | (3,246)
Eni gas e luce customers |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | € 1,527 | € 1,439
Expected loss | 29.70% | 31.60%
Eni gas e luce customers | Not-past due |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | € 1,245 | € 1,144
Expected loss | 3.60% | 1.40%
Eni gas e luce customers | from 0 to 3 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | € 98 | € 110
Expected loss | 19.00% | 19.70%
Eni gas e luce customers | from 3 to 6 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | € 31 | € 39
Expected loss | 41.50% | 40.00%
Eni gas e luce customers | from 6 to 12 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | € 53 | € 53
Expected loss | 51.80% | 48.00%
Eni gas e luce customers | Over 12 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | € 100 | € 93
Expected loss | 83.30% | 85.50%
Eni gas e luce customers | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | € 2,173 | € 2,105
Eni gas e luce customers | Gross carrying amount | Not-past due |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | 1,291 | 1,160
Eni gas e luce customers | Gross carrying amount | from 0 to 3 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | 121 | 137
Eni gas e luce customers | Gross carrying amount | from 3 to 6 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | 53 | 65
Eni gas e luce customers | Gross carrying amount | from 6 to 12 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | 110 | 102
Eni gas e luce customers | Gross carrying amount | Over 12 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | 598 | 641
Eni gas e luce customers | Accumulated impairment |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | (646) | (666)
Eni gas e luce customers | Accumulated impairment | Not-past due |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | (46) | (16)
Eni gas e luce customers | Accumulated impairment | from 0 to 3 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | (23) | (27)
Eni gas e luce customers | Accumulated impairment | from 3 to 6 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | (22) | (26)
Eni gas e luce customers | Accumulated impairment | from 6 to 12 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | (57) | (49)
Eni gas e luce customers | Accumulated impairment | Over 12 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | (498) | (548)
Eni gas e luce customers | Retail customer | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | 1,778 | 1,618
Eni gas e luce customers | Retail customer | Gross carrying amount | Not-past due |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | 1,155 | 991
Eni gas e luce customers | Retail customer | Gross carrying amount | from 0 to 3 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | 105 | 105
Eni gas e luce customers | Retail customer | Gross carrying amount | from 3 to 6 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | 50 | 60
Eni gas e luce customers | Retail customer | Gross carrying amount | from 6 to 12 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | 102 | 86
Eni gas e luce customers | Retail customer | Gross carrying amount | Over 12 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | 366 | 376
Eni gas e luce customers | Middle customer | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | 334 | 403
Eni gas e luce customers | Middle customer | Gross carrying amount | Not-past due |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | 75 | 93
Eni gas e luce customers | Middle customer | Gross carrying amount | from 0 to 3 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | 16 | 29
Eni gas e luce customers | Middle customer | Gross carrying amount | from 3 to 6 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | 3 | 4
Eni gas e luce customers | Middle customer | Gross carrying amount | from 6 to 12 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | 8 | 14
Eni gas e luce customers | Middle customer | Gross carrying amount | Over 12 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | 232 | 263
Eni gas e luce customers | Other customers | Gross carrying amount |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | 61 | 84
Eni gas e luce customers | Other customers | Gross carrying amount | Not-past due |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables | € 61 | 76
Eni gas e luce customers | Other customers | Gross carrying amount | from 0 to 3 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables |  | 3
Eni gas e luce customers | Other customers | Gross carrying amount | from 3 to 6 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables |  | 1
Eni gas e luce customers | Other customers | Gross carrying amount | from 6 to 12 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables |  | 2
Eni gas e luce customers | Other customers | Gross carrying amount | Over 12 months |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables |  | € 2

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v3.20.4

Trade and other receivables - Valuation allowance for doubtful accounts (Details) - Trade and other receivables - Accumulated impairment - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Trade and other receivables |  |
Financial assets at beginning of period | € 3,246 | € 3,150
Deductions | (357) | (603)
Other changes | (75) | 79
Financial assets at end of period | 3,157 | 3,246
Performing receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Additions | 112 | 95
Deductions | (82) | (119)
Defaulted receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Additions | 231 | 525
Deductions | € (275) | € (484)

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v3.20.4

Trade and other receivables - Net (impairment losses) reversals (Details) - Trade and other receivables - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Net (impairment losses) reversals of trade and other receivables |  |  |
New or increased provisions | € (343) | € (620) | € (498)
Net credit losses | (36) | (45) | (37)
Reversals | 153 | 233 | 120
Impairment loss on financial assets | € (226) | € (432) | € (415)

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v3.20.4

Trade and other receivables - Additional information (Details) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€) shareholder | Dec. 31, 2019 EUR (€)
Trade and other receivables |  |
Decrease in trade receivables | € 1,432 |
Receivables sold without recourse | 1,377 | € 1,782
Receivables from joint ventures in exploration and production activities | 2,293 | 2,637
Other receivables | € 1,525 | € 1,687
Expected credit loss rate | 22.40% | 20.10%
Trade and other current receivables | € 10,926 | € 12,873
Timing of credit collection | 1 year |
Counterparty risk mitigation | € 1,016 | 2,914
Gas take-or-pay contracts |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Other receivables | € 325 | 104
Maximum |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Receivables, payment terms | 180 days |
Accumulated impairment |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | € (3,157) | € (3,246)
Defaulted receivables |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Expected credit loss rate | 58.60% | 58.90%
Trade and other current receivables | € 1,716 | € 1,776
Defaulted receivables | Accumulated impairment |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | (2,429) | (2,547)
Euro |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | 5,553 |
US Dollars |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Trade and other current receivables | 4,304 |
Nigeria |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Receivables from joint ventures in exploration and production activities | 1,015 | 1,052
Nigerian National Oil Company | Nigeria |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Receivables from joint ventures in exploration and production activities | € 605 | 764
Discount factor on overdue receivables | 8.00% |
Nigerian National Oil Company | Nigeria | Minimum |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Reimbursement of amount, period | 2 years |
Nigerian National Oil Company | Nigeria | Maximum |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Reimbursement of amount, period | 3 years |
Local oil company | Nigeria |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Receivables from joint ventures in exploration and production activities | € 134 | 113
PDVSA | Venezuela |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Other receivables | € 376 | 373
Number of shareholders who purchased the receivables | shareholder | 2 |
Expected credit loss rate | 53.00% |
Trade and other receivables | Accumulated impairment |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Utilizations | € (357) | (603)
Trade and other receivables | Performing receivables | Accumulated impairment |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Additions | 112 | 95
Utilizations | (82) | (119)
Trade and other receivables | Defaulted receivables | Accumulated impairment |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Additions | 231 | 525
Utilizations | (275) | (484)
Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Receivables sold without recourse | 324 |
Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables | Trade and other receivables | Accumulated impairment |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Utilizations | (200) | (343)
Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables | Trade and other receivables | Accumulated impairment | Retail customer |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Utilizations | (178) | (319)
Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables | Trade and other receivables | Performing receivables | Accumulated impairment |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Additions | 84 | 65
Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables | Trade and other receivables | Defaulted receivables | Accumulated impairment | Retail customer |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Additions | 97 | 87
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Receivables sold without recourse | 323 |
Refining & Marketing and Chemical |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Receivables sold without recourse | 730 |
Exploration & Production | Trade and other receivables | Accumulated impairment |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Utilizations | (101) | (177)
Exploration & Production | Trade and other receivables | Defaulted receivables | Accumulated impairment |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Additions | 118 | € 339
Exploration & Production | Trade and other receivables | PDVSA | Accumulated impairment |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |
Utilizations | € (73) |

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Current and non-current inventories (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Current and non-current inventories |  |
Raw and auxiliary materials and consumables | € 706 | € 950
Consumables for infrastructure and facility maintenance of perforation activities | 1,580 | 1,477
Finished products and goods | 1,603 | 2,284
Other | 4 | 23
Inventories | € 3,893 | € 4,734

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v3.20.4

Current and non-current inventories - Additional information (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Current and non-current inventories |  |
Materials and supplies | € 1,580 | € 1,477
Finished products and goods | 1,603 | 2,284
Inventories | 3,893 | 4,734
Inventories held for compliance purposes | 995 | 1,371
Accumulated impairment |  |
Current and non-current inventories |  |
Inventories | (348) | (377)
Natural gas and oil products |  |
Current and non-current inventories |  |
Finished products and goods | 874 | 1,467
Chemical products |  |
Current and non-current inventories |  |
Finished products and goods | 443 | 547
Oil and petroleum | Italy |  |
Current and non-current inventories |  |
Inventories held for compliance purposes | 977 | 1,353
Exploration & Production |  |
Current and non-current inventories |  |
Materials and supplies | € 1,463 | € 1,359

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v3.20.4

Income tax receivables and payables (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Income tax receivables and payables |  |
Income tax receivables, Current | € 184 | € 192
Income taxes receivables, Non current | 153 | 173
Income tax payables, Current | 243 | 456
Income tax payables, Non current | € 360 | € 454

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v3.20.4

Income tax receivables and payables - Additional information (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Income tax receivables and payables |  |
Pending litigation with tax authorities | € 254 | € 362

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v3.20.4

Other assets and liabilities (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Other assets and liabilities |  |
Fair value of derivative financial instruments, current assets | € 1,548 | € 2,573
Other taxes, current assets | 450 | 766
Other assets, current | 688 | 633
Other current assets, total | 2,686 | 3,972
Fair value of derivative financial instruments, non-current assets | 152 | 54
Other taxes, non-current assets | 181 | 223
Other assets, non-current | 920 | 594
Other non-current assets, total | 1,253 | 871
Fair value of derivatives financial instruments, current liabilities | 1,609 | 2,704
Contract liabilities, current | 1,298 | 1,669
Other taxes, current liabilities | 1,124 | 1,411
Other liabilities, current | 841 | 1,362
Other current liabilities, total | 4,872 | 7,146
Fair value of derivatives financial instruments, non-current liabilities | 162 | 50
Contract liabilities, non-current | 394 | 456
Other taxes, non-current liabilities | 26 | 63
Other liabilities, non-current | 1,295 | 1,042
Other non-current liabilities, total | € 1,877 | € 1,611

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v3.20.4

Other assets and liabilities - Additional information (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Statement |  |
Value added tax receivables | € 475 | € 742
Current value added tax receivables | 315 | 557
Gas volume prepayments, current | 53 |
Gas volume prepayments, non-current | 651 |
Gas volume prepayments |  | 174
Non-current receivables for investing activities | 11 | 11
Excise duties and consumer taxes | 516 | 628
Current value added tax payables | 212 | 311
Liabilities for prepaid revenues and income | 323 | 420
Value of gas not withdrawn by customers due to triggering of take-or-pay clause |  | 148
Cautionary deposits | 261 | 265
within 1 year |  |
Statement |  |
Value of gas not withdrawn by customers due to triggering of take-or-pay clause | 65 |
Over 12 months |  |
Statement |  |
Value of gas not withdrawn by customers due to triggering of take-or-pay clause | 372 |
Gas and electricity |  |
Statement |  |
Cautionary deposits | 228 | 231
Engie SA |  |
Statement |  |
Current advances received | 62 | 64
Non-current advances received | 393 | 455
Egyptian state-owned partners |  |
Statement |  |
Current advances received | 546 | 1,228
Exploration & Production |  |
Statement |  |
Underlifting positions | 338 | 323
Overlifting imbalances | € 559 | € 917

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v3.20.4

Property, plant and equipment (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | € 62,192 | € 60,302
Additions | 4,407 | 8,049
Depreciation capitalized | 104 | 216
Depreciation | (6,205) | (7,032)
Reversals | 648 | 382
Impairments | (3,754) | (2,412)
Write-off | (305) | (270)
Disposals |  | (113)
Currency translation differences | (4,140) | 1,044
Initial recognition and changes in estimates | 955 | 2,074
Other changes | 41 | (48)
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 53,943 | 62,192
Land and buildings |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 1,218 | 1,274
Additions | 12 | 12
Depreciation | (55) | (60)
Reversals | 13 | 44
Impairments | (82) | (47)
Disposals |  | (1)
Currency translation differences | (2) | 2
Transfers | 39 | 42
Other changes | (15) | (48)
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 1,128 | 1,218
E&P wells, plant and machinery |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 46,492 | 42,856
Additions | 6 | 144
Depreciation | (5,642) | (6,435)
Reversals | 183 | 65
Impairments | (1,551) | (659)
Disposals |  | (3)
Currency translation differences | (3,325) | 815
Initial recognition and changes in estimates | 870 | 2,028
Transfers | 2,677 | 7,568
Other changes | (62) | 113
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 39,648 | 46,492
Other plant and machinery |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 3,632 | 3,901
Additions | 229 | 223
Depreciation | (508) | (537)
Reversals | 342 | 69
Impairments | (972) | (500)
Write-off | (1) | (5)
Disposals |  | (1)
Currency translation differences | (75) | 21
Transfers | 755 | 597
Other changes | (103) | (136)
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 3,299 | 3,632
E&P exploration assets and appraisal |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 1,563 | 1,267
Additions | 265 | 508
Depreciation capitalized | 4 | 14
Write-off | (296) | (216)
Disposals |  | (22)
Currency translation differences | (119) | 24
Initial recognition and changes in estimates | (9) | 25
Transfers | (47) | (42)
Other changes | (20) | 5
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 1,341 | 1,563
E&P tangible assets in progress |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 7,412 | 9,195
Additions | 3,127 | 6,170
Depreciation capitalized | 100 | 202
Reversals | 98 | 65
Impairments | (567) | (669)
Write-off | (7) | (49)
Disposals |  | (80)
Currency translation differences | (605) | 181
Initial recognition and changes in estimates | 94 | 21
Transfers | (2,630) | (7,526)
Other changes | 96 | (98)
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 7,118 | 7,412
Other tangible assets in progress and advances |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 1,875 | 1,809
Additions | 768 | 992
Reversals | 12 | 139
Impairments | (582) | (537)
Write-off | (1) |
Disposals |  | (6)
Currency translation differences | (14) | 1
Transfers | (794) | (639)
Other changes | 145 | 116
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 1,409 | 1,875
Gross carrying amount |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 192,815 |
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 184,641 | 192,815
Gross carrying amount | Land and buildings |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 4,067 |
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 4,082 | 4,067
Gross carrying amount | E&P wells, plant and machinery |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 144,789 |
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 136,468 | 144,789
Gross carrying amount | Other plant and machinery |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 28,191 |
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 28,839 | 28,191
Gross carrying amount | E&P exploration assets and appraisal |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 1,563 |
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 1,341 | 1,563
Gross carrying amount | E&P tangible assets in progress |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 11,406 |
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 11,169 | 11,406
Gross carrying amount | Other tangible assets in progress and advances |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 2,799 |
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 2,742 | 2,799
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | (130,623) |
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | (130,698) | (130,623)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment | Land and buildings |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | (2,849) |
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | (2,954) | (2,849)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment | E&P wells, plant and machinery |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | (98,297) |
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | (96,820) | (98,297)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment | Other plant and machinery |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | (24,559) |
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | (25,540) | (24,559)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment | E&P tangible assets in progress |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | (3,994) |
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | (4,051) | (3,994)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment | Other tangible assets in progress and advances |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | (924) |
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | € (1,333) | € (924)

X
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v3.20.4

Property, plant and equipment - Depreciation rates (Details) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Buildings | Minimum |
Property, plant and equipment |
Depreciation rate, property, plant and equipment | 2.00%
Buildings | Maximum |
Property, plant and equipment |
Depreciation rate, property, plant and equipment | 10.00%
Mineral exploration wells and plants |
Property, plant and equipment |
Description of useful life, property, plant and equipment | UOP
Refining and chemical plants | Minimum |
Property, plant and equipment |
Depreciation rate, property, plant and equipment | 3.00%
Refining and chemical plants | Maximum |
Property, plant and equipment |
Depreciation rate, property, plant and equipment | 17.00%
Gas pipelines and compression stations | Minimum |
Property, plant and equipment |
Depreciation rate, property, plant and equipment | 4.00%
Gas pipelines and compression stations | Maximum |
Property, plant and equipment |
Depreciation rate, property, plant and equipment | 12.00%
Power plants | Minimum |
Property, plant and equipment |
Depreciation rate, property, plant and equipment | 4.00%
Power plants | Maximum |
Property, plant and equipment |
Depreciation rate, property, plant and equipment | 5.00%
Other plant and machinery | Minimum |
Property, plant and equipment |
Depreciation rate, property, plant and equipment | 6.00%
Other plant and machinery | Maximum |
Property, plant and equipment |
Depreciation rate, property, plant and equipment | 12.00%
Industrial and commercial equipment | Minimum |
Property, plant and equipment |
Depreciation rate, property, plant and equipment | 5.00%
Industrial and commercial equipment | Maximum |
Property, plant and equipment |
Depreciation rate, property, plant and equipment | 25.00%
Other assets | Minimum |
Property, plant and equipment |
Depreciation rate, property, plant and equipment | 10.00%
Other assets | Maximum |
Property, plant and equipment |
Depreciation rate, property, plant and equipment | 20.00%

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v3.20.4

Property, plant and equipment - Changes related to suspended wells (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | € 62,192 | € 60,302 |
Disposals |  | (113) |
Currency translation differences | (4,140) | 1,044 |
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 53,943 | 62,192 | € 60,302
Suspended exploration wells pending final determination |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 1,246 | 1,101 | 1,263
Increases for which is ongoing the determination of proved reserves | 408 | 368 | 235
Amounts previously capitalized and expensed in the year | (226) | (183) | (61)
Reclassification to successful exploratory wells following the estimation of proved reserves | (48) | (46) | (297)
Disposals |  | (15) | (6)
Changes in the scope of consolidation |  |  | (58)
Reclassification to assets held for sale |  |  | (24)
Currency translation differences | (112) | 21 | 49
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | € 1,268 | € 1,246 | € 1,101

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v3.20.4

Property, plant and equipment - Stratification of suspended wells (Details) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€) item | Dec. 31, 2019 EUR (€) item | Dec. 31, 2018 EUR (€) item | Dec. 31, 2017 EUR (€)
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | € 53,943 | € 62,192 | € 60,302 |
Suspended exploration wells pending final determination |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | € 1,268 | € 1,246 | € 1,101 | € 1,263
Costs capitalized and suspended for exploratory well activity, number of wells in Eni's interest | item | 37.0 | 40.5 | 34.1 |
Suspended exploration wells pending final determination | fields including wells drilled over the last 12 months |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | € 157 | € 185 | € 111 |
Costs capitalized and suspended for exploratory well activity, number of wells in Eni's interest | item | 6.7 | 7.7 | 7.0 |
Suspended exploration wells pending final determination | fields for which the delineation campaign is in progress |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | € 631 | € 556 | € 217 |
Costs capitalized and suspended for exploratory well activity, number of wells in Eni's interest | item | 14.9 | 11.3 | 4.7 |
Suspended exploration wells pending final determination | fields including commercial discoveries that proceeds to sanctioning |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | € 480 | € 505 | € 773 |
Costs capitalized and suspended for exploratory well activity, number of wells in Eni's interest | item | 15.4 | 21.5 | 22.4 |
Suspended exploration wells pending final determination | within 1 year |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | € 157 | € 185 | € 111 |
Costs capitalized and suspended for exploratory well activity, number of wells in Eni's interest | item | 6.7 | 7.7 | 7.0 |
Suspended exploration wells pending final determination | between 1 and 3 years |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | € 250 | € 171 | € 87 |
Costs capitalized and suspended for exploratory well activity, number of wells in Eni's interest | item | 11.0 | 6.4 | 2.9 |
Suspended exploration wells pending final determination | beyond 3 years |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | € 861 | € 890 | € 903 |
Costs capitalized and suspended for exploratory well activity, number of wells in Eni's interest | item | 19.3 | 26.4 | 24.2 |

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v3.20.4

Property, plant and equipment - Unproved mineral interests (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | € 62,192 | € 60,302
Additions | 4,407 | 8,049
Currency translation differences | (4,140) | 1,044
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 53,943 | 62,192
Unproved mineral interest |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 2,162 | 2,478
Additions | 57 | 256
Net (impairments) reversals | (196) | (495)
Reclassification to proved mineral interest | (90) | (129)
Currency translation differences | (170) | 52
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 1,763 | 2,162
Unproved mineral interest | Congo |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 253 | 769
Net (impairments) reversals | (25) | (533)
Currency translation differences | (25) | 17
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 203 | 253
Unproved mineral interest | Nigeria |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 939 | 921
Currency translation differences | (79) | 18
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 860 | 939
Unproved mineral interest | Turkmenistan |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 139 | 77
Net (impairments) reversals | (134) | 65
Reclassification to proved mineral interest | (2) | (4)
Currency translation differences | (3) | 1
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year |  | 139
Unproved mineral interest | USA |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 162 | 103
Additions |  | 97
Net (impairments) reversals | (37) | (27)
Reclassification to proved mineral interest |  | (14)
Currency translation differences | (11) | 3
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 114 | 162
Unproved mineral interest | Algeria |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 115 | 77
Additions | 55 | 135
Reclassification to proved mineral interest | (61) | (99)
Currency translation differences | (9) | 2
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 100 | 115
Unproved mineral interest | Egypt |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 19 | 29
Additions | 2 | 1
Reclassification to proved mineral interest | (2) | (12)
Currency translation differences | (1) | 1
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | 18 | 19
Unproved mineral interest | United Arab Emirates |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |
Property, plant and equipment - beginning of the year | 535 | 502
Additions |  | 23
Reclassification to proved mineral interest | (25) |
Currency translation differences | (42) | 10
Property, plant and equipment - end of the year | € 468 | € 535

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v3.20.4

Property, plant and equipment - Additional information (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Borrowing costs capitalised | € 73 | € 93 | € 52 |
Capital expenditure | 4,407 | 8,049 |  |
Currency translation differences | (4,140) | 1,044 |  |
Initial recognition and changes in estimates | 955 | 2,074 |  |
Write-off | 305 | 270 |  |
Property, plant and equipment | 53,943 | 62,192 | 60,302 |
Property, plant and equipment, pledged as security | 24 | 24 |  |
Government grants | 103 | € 112 |  |
Property, plant and equipment subject to operating leases |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | € 358 |  |  |
Minimum |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Interest rate used for capitalizing finance expense | 1.30% | 2.60% |  |
Maximum |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Interest rate used for capitalizing finance expense | 2.20% | 2.80% |  |
Accumulated impairment |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | € (20,343) | € (18,226) |  |
Estimated costs for social projects |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Initial recognition and changes in estimates | 439 |  |  |
US Dollars |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Currency translation differences | (4,068) |  |  |
Nigeria | Oil Prospecting License 245 |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | 1,085 |  |  |
Unproved mineral interest |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Capital expenditure | 57 | 256 |  |
Currency translation differences | (170) | 52 |  |
Property, plant and equipment | 1,763 | 2,162 | 2,478 |
Unproved mineral interest | Nigeria | Oil Prospecting License 245 |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | € 800 |  |  |
Unproved mineral interest | Nigeria | Oil Prospecting License 245 | International oil company |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Proportion of ownership interest in joint operation | 50.00% |  |  |
Unproved mineral interest | Nigeria | Oil Prospecting License 245 | Nigeria Government |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Proportion of ownership interest in joint operation | 50.00% |  |  |
E&P wells, plant and machinery |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Capital expenditure | € 6 | 144 |  |
Currency translation differences | (3,325) | 815 |  |
Initial recognition and changes in estimates | 870 | 2,028 |  |
Property, plant and equipment | 39,648 | 46,492 | 42,856 |
E&P wells, plant and machinery | Egypt, Italy, Algeria, Iraq, United States, Kazakhstan, and Mexico |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Transfers | 1,690 |  |  |
E&P exploration assets and appraisal |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Capital expenditure | 265 | 508 |  |
Currency translation differences | (119) | 24 |  |
Initial recognition and changes in estimates | (9) | 25 |  |
Write-off | 296 | 216 |  |
Property, plant and equipment | 1,341 | 1,563 | 1,267 |
E&P exploration assets and appraisal | Libya, United States, Angola, Egypt, Oman, Mexico and Lebanon |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Write-off | 296 |  |  |
Suspended exploration wells pending final determination |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Currency translation differences | (112) | 21 | 49 |
Property, plant and equipment | 1,268 | 1,246 | 1,101 | € 1,263
Exploration wells in progress |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | 66 |  |  |
Exploration & Production |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Borrowing costs capitalised | 51 | 71 |  |
Capital expenditure | 3,444 | 6,889 |  |
Bonuses included in capital expenditure | 57 |  |  |
Exploration & Production | Unproved mineral interest | Algeria |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Bonuses included in capital expenditure | 55 |  |  |
fields including commercial discoveries that proceeds to sanctioning | Suspended exploration wells pending final determination |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | 480 | € 505 | € 773 |
fields including commercial discoveries that proceeds to sanctioning | Suspended exploration wells pending final determination | Mozambique's offshore Area 4 |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | € 151 |  |  |

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v3.20.4

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | € 5,349 |
Additions | 808 | € 684
Depreciation | (928) | (999)
Impairment losses | (47) | (41)
Currency translation differences | (292) | 85
Other changes | (247) | (69)
Net carrying amount at end of period | 4,643 | 5,349
Lessee's exposure arising from options for extension or termination of lease for office buildings | 302 |
Lessee's exposure arising from extension options related to service stations for sale of oil products | 148 |
Lessee's exposure arising from other extension options related to concessions of a land | € 60 |
Mozambique Rovuma Venture SpA |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
% ownership interest | 35.71% |
Exploration & Production |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | € 3,895 |
Net carrying amount at end of period | € 3,274 | 3,895
Exploration & Production | Ghana and Angola | Minimum |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Lease, term of contract | 9 years |
Exploration & Production | Ghana and Angola | Maximum |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Lease, term of contract | 16 years |
Refining & Marketing and Chemical |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | € 831 |
Net carrying amount at end of period | 788 | 831
Corporate and Other activities |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | 574 |
Net carrying amount at end of period | 526 | 574
Upstream business |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Lessee's exposure arising from other extension options related to ancillary assets | 48 |
Increase (decrease) due to application of IFRS 16 |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
First adoption IFRS 16 at beginning of period |  | 5,656
Reclassifications at beginning of period |  | 46
Reclassifications to assets held for sale at beginning of period |  | (13)
After initial application |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period |  | 5,689
Floating production storage and offloading vessels (FPSO) |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | 3,153 |
Additions | 79 | 32
Depreciation | (232) | (240)
Currency translation differences | (251) | 67
Other changes | (77) |
Net carrying amount at end of period | 2,672 | 3,153
Lease commitment, nominal value | 1,700 |
Floating production storage and offloading vessels (FPSO) | Increase (decrease) due to application of IFRS 16 |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
First adoption IFRS 16 at beginning of period |  | 3,294
Floating production storage and offloading vessels (FPSO) | After initial application |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period |  | 3,294
Drilling rig |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | 313 |
Additions | 193 | 192
Depreciation | (189) | (224)
Currency translation differences | (13) | 6
Other changes | (60) | (7)
Net carrying amount at end of period | 244 | 313
Drilling rig | Increase (decrease) due to application of IFRS 16 |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
First adoption IFRS 16 at beginning of period |  | 346
Drilling rig | After initial application |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period |  | 346
Naval facilities and related logistic bases for oil and gas transportation |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | 497 |
Additions | 281 | 219
Depreciation | (252) | (272)
Currency translation differences | (13) | 4
Other changes | (67) | (23)
Net carrying amount at end of period | 446 | 497
Naval facilities and related logistic bases for oil and gas transportation | Increase (decrease) due to application of IFRS 16 |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
First adoption IFRS 16 at beginning of period |  | 569
Naval facilities and related logistic bases for oil and gas transportation | After initial application |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period |  | 569
Motorway concessions and service stations |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | 460 |
Additions | 49 | 54
Depreciation | (57) | (61)
Impairment losses | (21) | (13)
Currency translation differences |  | 2
Other changes | (7) | (14)
Net carrying amount at end of period | 424 | 460
Motorway concessions and service stations | Increase (decrease) due to application of IFRS 16 |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
First adoption IFRS 16 at beginning of period |  | 462
Reclassifications at beginning of period |  | 30
Motorway concessions and service stations | After initial application |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period |  | 492
Oil and gas distribution facilities |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | 6 |
Additions | 22 | 1
Depreciation | (2) | (1)
Impairment losses | (15) |
Other changes |  | (1)
Net carrying amount at end of period | 11 | 6
Oil and gas distribution facilities | Increase (decrease) due to application of IFRS 16 |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
First adoption IFRS 16 at beginning of period |  | 7
Oil and gas distribution facilities | After initial application |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period |  | 7
Buildings |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | 707 |
Additions | 65 | 108
Depreciation | (118) | (115)
Currency translation differences | (8) | 3
Other changes | 6 | (9)
Net carrying amount at end of period | 652 | 707
Lease commitment, nominal value | € 438 |
Lease commitment, term of contract | 20 years |
Lease commitment, extension option | 6 years |
Buildings | Increase (decrease) due to application of IFRS 16 |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
First adoption IFRS 16 at beginning of period |  | 720
Buildings | After initial application |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period |  | 720
Vehicles |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | € 32 |
Additions | 24 | 22
Depreciation | (22) | (23)
Other changes | (2) | (10)
Net carrying amount at end of period | 32 | 32
Vehicles | Increase (decrease) due to application of IFRS 16 |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
First adoption IFRS 16 at beginning of period |  | 43
Vehicles | After initial application |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period |  | 43
Other |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | 181 |
Additions | 95 | 56
Depreciation | (56) | (63)
Impairment losses | (11) | (28)
Currency translation differences | (7) | 3
Other changes | (40) | (5)
Net carrying amount at end of period | 162 | 181
Other | Increase (decrease) due to application of IFRS 16 |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
First adoption IFRS 16 at beginning of period |  | 215
Reclassifications at beginning of period |  | 16
Reclassifications to assets held for sale at beginning of period |  | (13)
Other | After initial application |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period |  | 218
Gross carrying amount |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | 6,351 |
Net carrying amount at end of period | 6,381 | 6,351
Gross carrying amount | Floating production storage and offloading vessels (FPSO) |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | 3,393 |
Net carrying amount at end of period | 3,107 | 3,393
Gross carrying amount | Drilling rig |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | 528 |
Net carrying amount at end of period | 528 | 528
Gross carrying amount | Naval facilities and related logistic bases for oil and gas transportation |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | 757 |
Net carrying amount at end of period | 927 | 757
Gross carrying amount | Motorway concessions and service stations |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | 532 |
Net carrying amount at end of period | 573 | 532
Gross carrying amount | Oil and gas distribution facilities |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | 7 |
Net carrying amount at end of period | 29 | 7
Gross carrying amount | Buildings |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | 806 |
Net carrying amount at end of period | 859 | 806
Gross carrying amount | Vehicles |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | 54 |
Net carrying amount at end of period | 65 | 54
Gross carrying amount | Other |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | 274 |
Net carrying amount at end of period | 293 | 274
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | (1,002) |
Net carrying amount at end of period | (1,738) | (1,002)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment | Floating production storage and offloading vessels (FPSO) |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | (240) |
Net carrying amount at end of period | (435) | (240)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment | Drilling rig |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | (215) |
Net carrying amount at end of period | (284) | (215)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment | Naval facilities and related logistic bases for oil and gas transportation |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | (260) |
Net carrying amount at end of period | (481) | (260)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment | Motorway concessions and service stations |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | (72) |
Net carrying amount at end of period | (149) | (72)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment | Oil and gas distribution facilities |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | (1) |
Net carrying amount at end of period | (18) | (1)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment | Buildings |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | (99) |
Net carrying amount at end of period | (207) | (99)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment | Vehicles |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | (22) |
Net carrying amount at end of period | (33) | (22)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment | Other |  |
Right-of-use assets |  |
Net carrying amount at beginning of period | (93) |
Net carrying amount at end of period | € (131) | € (93)

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v3.20.4

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities - Liabilities for leased assets - (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Lease liabilities |  |
Book amount at the beginning of the year | € 5,648 |
Additions | 808 | € 668
Decreases | (869) | (877)
Currency translation differences | (309) | 87
Other changes | (260) | (41)
Book amount at the end of the year | 5,018 | 5,648
Cash payments for the principal portion of the lease liabilities | 869 |
Cash payments for the interest portion of lease liabilities | 329 |
Current portion of long-term lease liabilities |  |
Lease liabilities |  |
Book amount at the beginning of the year | 889 |
Decreases | (866) | (875)
Currency translation differences | (40) | 10
Other changes | 866 | 960
Book amount at the end of the year | 849 | 889
Long-term lease liabilities |  |
Lease liabilities |  |
Book amount at the beginning of the year | 4,759 |
Additions | 808 | 668
Decreases | (3) | (2)
Currency translation differences | (269) | 77
Other changes | (1,126) | (1,001)
Book amount at the end of the year | 4,169 | 4,759
Joint operations |  |
Lease liabilities |  |
Book amount at the beginning of the year | 1,976 |
Book amount at the end of the year | 1,652 | 1,976
US Dollars |  |
Lease liabilities |  |
Book amount at the end of the year | 3,447 |
Euro |  |
Lease liabilities |  |
Book amount at the end of the year | € 1,411 |
Increase (decrease) due to application of IFRS 16 |  |
Lease liabilities |  |
First adoption IFRS 16 at beginning of period |  | 5,656
Reclassifications at beginning of period |  | 168
Reclassifications to liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale at beginning of period |  | (13)
Increase (decrease) due to application of IFRS 16 | Current portion of long-term lease liabilities |  |
Lease liabilities |  |
First adoption IFRS 16 at beginning of period |  | 665
Reclassifications at beginning of period |  | 132
Reclassifications to liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale at beginning of period |  | (3)
Increase (decrease) due to application of IFRS 16 | Long-term lease liabilities |  |
Lease liabilities |  |
First adoption IFRS 16 at beginning of period |  | 4,991
Reclassifications at beginning of period |  | 36
Reclassifications to liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale at beginning of period |  | (10)
After initial application |  |
Lease liabilities |  |
Book amount at the beginning of the year |  | 5,811
After initial application | Current portion of long-term lease liabilities |  |
Lease liabilities |  |
Book amount at the beginning of the year |  | 794
After initial application | Long-term lease liabilities |  |
Lease liabilities |  |
Book amount at the beginning of the year |  | € 5,017

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v3.20.4

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities - Amounts recognized in the profit and loss account (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Other income and revenues |  |
Income from remeasurement of lease liability | € 12 | € 6
Other income and revenues | 12 | 6
Purchases, services and other |  |
Short-term leases | 67 | 115
Low-value leases | 37 | 39
Variable lease payments not included in the measurement of lease liabilities | 7 | 16
Capitalised direct cost associated with self-constructed assets - tangible assets | (2) | (2)
Purchases, services and other | 109 | 168
Depreciation and impairments |  |
Depreciation of RoU leased assets | 928 | 999
Capitalised direct cost associated with self-constructed assets - tangible assets | (96) | (210)
Impairment losses of RoU leased assets | 47 | 41
Depreciation and impairments | 879 | 830
Finance income (expense) from leases |  |
Interests on lease liabilities | (347) | (378)
Capitalised finance expense of ROU leased assets - tangible assets | 7 | 17
Net currency translation differences on lease liabilities | 24 | (6)
Finance income (expense) from leases | € (316) | € (367)

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v3.20.4

Intangible assets (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Intangible assets |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year | € 3,059 | € 3,170
Additions | 237 | 311
Amortization | (275) | (291)
Impairments | (54) | (117)
Reversals | 24 |
Write-off | (24) | (30)
Change in the scope of consolidation | 77 |
Currency translation differences | (83) | 22
Other changes | (25) | (6)
Net carrying amount at the end of the year | 2,936 | 3,059
Intangible assets with finite useful lives |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year | 1,794 | 1,886
Additions | 237 | 311
Amortization | (275) | (291)
Impairments | (30) | (91)
Reversals | 24 |
Write-off | (24) | (30)
Change in the scope of consolidation | 7 |
Currency translation differences | (69) | 19
Other changes | (25) | (10)
Net carrying amount at the end of the year | 1,639 | 1,794
Exploration rights |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year | 1,031 | 1,081
Additions | 18 | 78
Amortization | (53) | (81)
Impairments | (23) | (19)
Write-off | (19) | (28)
Currency translation differences | (66) | 18
Other changes |  | (18)
Net carrying amount at the end of the year | 888 | 1,031
Industrial patents and intellectual property rights |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year | 195 | 221
Additions | 23 | 23
Amortization | (92) | (93)
Write-off | (5) | (1)
Other changes | 41 | 45
Net carrying amount at the end of the year | 162 | 195
Other intangible assets |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year | 568 | 584
Additions | 196 | 210
Amortization | (130) | (117)
Impairments | (7) | (72)
Reversals | 24 |
Write-off |  | (1)
Change in the scope of consolidation | 7 |
Currency translation differences | (3) | 1
Other changes | (66) | (37)
Net carrying amount at the end of the year | 589 | 568
Goodwill |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year | 1,265 | 1,284
Impairments | (24) | (26)
Change in the scope of consolidation | 70 |
Currency translation differences | (14) | 3
Other changes |  | 4
Net carrying amount at the end of the year | 1,297 | 1,265
Gross carrying amount | Intangible assets with finite useful lives |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year | 7,718 |
Net carrying amount at the end of the year | 7,635 | 7,718
Gross carrying amount | Exploration rights |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year | 1,748 |
Net carrying amount at the end of the year | 1,613 | 1,748
Gross carrying amount | Industrial patents and intellectual property rights |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year | 1,597 |
Net carrying amount at the end of the year | 1,623 | 1,597
Gross carrying amount | Other intangible assets |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year | 4,373 |
Net carrying amount at the end of the year | 4,399 | 4,373
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment | Intangible assets with finite useful lives |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year | (5,924) |
Net carrying amount at the end of the year | (5,996) | (5,924)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment | Exploration rights |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year | (717) |
Net carrying amount at the end of the year | (725) | (717)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment | Industrial patents and intellectual property rights |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year | (1,402) |
Net carrying amount at the end of the year | (1,461) | (1,402)
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment | Other intangible assets |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Net carrying amount - beginning of the year | (3,805) |
Net carrying amount at the end of the year | € (3,810) | € (3,805)

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v3.20.4

Intangible assets - Breakdown of exploration rights by type (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
--- | --- | --- | ---
Intangible assets |  |  |
Intangible assets | € 2,936 | € 3,059 | € 3,170
Exploration rights |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  |
Intangible assets | 888 | 1,031 | € 1,081
Proved licence and leasehold property acquisition costs |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  |
Intangible assets | 225 | 291 |
Unproved licence and leasehold property acquisition costs |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  |
Intangible assets | 653 | 709 |
Other mineral interests |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  |
Intangible assets | € 10 | € 31 |

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v3.20.4

Intangible assets - Main amortization rates (Details) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020
Exploration rights |
Intangible assets |
Description of useful life, intangible assets other than goodwill | UOP
Transport rights of natural gas |
Intangible assets |
Amortisation rate, intangible assets other than goodwill | 3.00%
Other concessions, licenses, trademarks and similar items | Minimum |
Intangible assets |
Amortisation rate, intangible assets other than goodwill | 3.00%
Other concessions, licenses, trademarks and similar items | Maximum |
Intangible assets |
Amortisation rate, intangible assets other than goodwill | 33.00%
Service concession arrangements | Minimum |
Intangible assets |
Amortisation rate, intangible assets other than goodwill | 20.00%
Service concession arrangements | Maximum |
Intangible assets |
Amortisation rate, intangible assets other than goodwill | 33.00%
Capitalized costs for customer acquisition | Minimum |
Intangible assets |
Amortisation rate, intangible assets other than goodwill | 17.00%
Capitalized costs for customer acquisition | Maximum |
Intangible assets |
Amortisation rate, intangible assets other than goodwill | 33.00%
Other intangible assets | Minimum |
Intangible assets |
Amortisation rate, intangible assets other than goodwill | 4.00%
Other intangible assets | Maximum |
Intangible assets |
Amortisation rate, intangible assets other than goodwill | 20.00%

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Intangible assets - Goodwill by operating segment (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Intangible assets |  |
Goodwill | € 1,297 | € 1,265
Eni gas e luce |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Goodwill | 1,046 | 981
Exploration & Production |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Goodwill | 146 | 190
Refining & Marketing and Chemical |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Goodwill | 93 | 93
Corporate and Other activities |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Goodwill | 11 |
Renewables |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Goodwill | € 1 | € 1

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Intangible assets - Goodwill related to Gas & Power segment (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Intangible assets |  |
Goodwill | € 1,297 | € 1,265
Eni gas e luce |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Goodwill | 1,046 | 981
Eni gas e luce | CGU Domestic Market |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Goodwill | 904 | 839
Eni gas e luce | CGU Foreign Market |  |
Intangible assets |  |
Goodwill | € 142 | € 142

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Intangible assets - Additional information (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2003
Intangible assets |  |  |  |
Goodwill | € 1,297 | € 1,265 |  |
France |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  |  |
Discount rate applied to cash flow projections | 4.60% |  |  |
Greece |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  |  |
Discount rate applied to cash flow projections | 4.80% |  |  |
Gas Distribution Company of Thessaloniki Thessaly SA |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  |  |
Percentage of voting equity interests acquired |  |  | 51.00% |
Evolvere |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  |  |
Goodwill recognised as of acquisition date | € 66 |  |  |
Percentage of voting equity interests acquired | 70.00% |  |  |
CGU Domestic Market |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  |  |
Goodwill recognised as of acquisition date |  |  |  | € 706
Period over which management has projected cash flows | 4 years |  |  |
Growth rate used to extrapolate cash flow projections | 0.00% |  |  |
Amount by which unit's recoverable amount exceeds its carrying amount | € 2,856 |  |  |
CGU Domestic Market | Italy |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  |  |
Discount rate applied to cash flow projections | 4.30% |  |  |
CGU Foreign Market | Gas Distribution Company of Thessaloniki Thessaly SA |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  |  |
Goodwill | € 45 |  |  |
Percentage of voting equity interests acquired |  |  | 51.00% |
Percentage of voting equity interests before acquisition |  |  | 49.00% |
CGU Foreign Market | Eni Gas and Power France SA |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  |  |
Goodwill | 95 |  |  |
Accumulated impairment |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  |  |
Goodwill | (2,457) |  |  |
Capitalized costs for customer acquisition |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  |  |
Intangible assets other than goodwill | 262 | 226 |  |
Concessions, licenses, trademarks and similar items |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  |  |
Intangible assets other than goodwill | 88 | 102 |  |
Transport rights of natural gas |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  |  |
Intangible assets other than goodwill | 25 | 30 |  |
Intangible assets in progress |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  |  |
Intangible assets other than goodwill | € 78 | € 78 |  |

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v3.20.4

Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets - Additional Information (Details) € in Millions |  |  | 2 Months Ended | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 $ / bbl | Mar. 31, 2020 $ / bbl | Aug. 31, 2020 $ / bbl | Mar. 31, 2021 $ / bbl | Dec. 31, 2040 $ / t | Dec. 31, 2022 $ / MMBTU $ / bbl | Dec. 31, 2021 $ / bbl | Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€) $ / bbl | Dec. 31, 2023 $ / MMBTU | Dec. 31, 2019 $ / bbl
Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brent price per bbl | $ / bbl | 50 | 15 | 45 | 60 |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term Brent price (in 2023 real terms) | $ / bbl | 60 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 60 |  | 70
Post-tax weighted-average cost of capital | 6.70% |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6.70% |  | 7.40%
Percentage of CGUs for which impairment test performed |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.00% |  |
Forecast |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brent price per bbl | $ / bbl |  |  |  |  |  | 55 | 50 |  |  |
Long-term Brent price (in 2023 real terms) | $ / bbl | 60 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 60 |  | 70
Projection of purchase cost of emission allowances of the "advanced" economies (in 2019 currency per ton) | $ / t |  |  |  |  | 140 |  |  |  |  |
Italy | Forecast |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Italian spot gas benchmark reference price | $ / MMBTU |  |  |  |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 5.5 |
Exploration & Production |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 1,888 |  |
Reduction in headroom observed | (4.60%) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4.60%) |  |
Loss in value-in-use of the CGU in base case scenario | (11.00%) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (11.00%) |  |
Loss in value-in-use of the CGU, otherwise | (5.00%) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5.00%) |  |
Exploration & Production | Minimum |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pre-tax weighted-average cost of capital | 6.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6.00% |  |
Exploration & Production | Maximum |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pre-tax weighted-average cost of capital | 14.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14.00% |  |
Exploration & Production | Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 566 |  |
Exploration & Production | Italy | Minimum |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Post-tax weighted-average cost of capital | 6.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6.00% |  |
Exploration & Production | Algeria |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 409 |  |
Exploration & Production | Congo |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 306 |  |
Exploration & Production | USA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 232 |  |
Exploration & Production | USA | Minimum |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Post-tax weighted-average cost of capital | 6.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6.00% |  |
Exploration & Production | Turkmenistan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 202 |  |
Exploration & Production | Other countries | Minimum |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Post-tax weighted-average cost of capital | 7.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7.00% |  |
Exploration & Production | Other countries | Maximum |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Post-tax weighted-average cost of capital | 8.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8.00% |  |
Refining & Marketing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment review of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Post-tax weighted-average cost of capital | 6.30% |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6.30% |  |
Impairment losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 1,225 |  |
Pre-tax weighted-average cost of capital | 6.30% |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6.30% |  |

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v3.20.4

Investments (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Investments |  |
Book amount - beginning of the year | € 9,035 | € 7,044
Additions and subscriptions | 275 | 2,992
Divestments and reimbursements | (4) | (22)
Share of profit of equity-accounted investments | 38 | 161
Share of loss of equity-accounted investments | (1,733) | (184)
Deduction for dividends | (314) | (1,138)
Change in the scope of consolidation | 34 | 1
Currency translation differences | (603) | 86
Other changes | 21 | 73
Book amount - end of the year | 6,749 | 9,035
Investments in unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |
Investments |  |
Book amount - beginning of the year | 86 | 95
Additions and subscriptions | 2 | 6
Divestments and reimbursements |  | (5)
Share of profit of equity-accounted investments | 3 | 6
Share of loss of equity-accounted investments | (2) | (10)
Deduction for dividends | (5) | (4)
Change in the scope of consolidation | 3 | 1
Currency translation differences | (4) | 2
Other changes | (3) | (5)
Book amount - end of the year | 80 | 86
Joint ventures |  |
Investments |  |
Book amount - beginning of the year | 4,592 | 5,497
Additions and subscriptions | 75 | 76
Divestments and reimbursements | (3) |
Share of profit of equity-accounted investments | 21 | 80
Share of loss of equity-accounted investments | (1,399) | (157)
Deduction for dividends | (296) | (1,073)
Change in the scope of consolidation | 30 |
Currency translation differences | (254) | 67
Other changes | 66 | 80
Book amount - end of the year | 2,832 | 4,592
Associates |  |
Investments |  |
Book amount - beginning of the year | 4,357 | 1,452
Additions and subscriptions | 198 | 2,910
Divestments and reimbursements | (1) | (17)
Share of profit of equity-accounted investments | 14 | 75
Share of loss of equity-accounted investments | (332) | (17)
Deduction for dividends | (13) | (61)
Change in the scope of consolidation | 1 |
Currency translation differences | (345) | 17
Other changes | (42) | (2)
Book amount - end of the year | € 3,837 | 4,357
Changes in accounting policies (IAS 28) |  |
Investments |  |
Book amount - beginning of the year |  | 22
Changes in accounting policies (IAS 28) | Joint ventures |  |
Investments |  |
Book amount - beginning of the year |  | 22
After initial application |  |
Investments |  |
Book amount - beginning of the year |  | 7,066
After initial application | Investments in unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |
Investments |  |
Book amount - beginning of the year |  | 95
After initial application | Joint ventures |  |
Investments |  |
Book amount - beginning of the year |  | 5,519
After initial application | Associates |  |
Investments |  |
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v3.20.4

Investments - Net carrying amount (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 6,749 | € 9,035 | € 7,044
Associates |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | 3,837 | 4,357 |
Associates | Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Co |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 2,335 | € 2,829 |
% of the investment | 20.00% | 20.00% |
Associates | Angola LNG Ltd |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 1,039 | € 1,159 |
% of the investment | 13.60% | 13.60% |
Associates | Coral FLNG SA |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 138 | € 102 |
% of the investment | 25.00% | 25.00% |
Associates | Finproject SpA |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 73 |  |
% of the investment | 40.00% |  |
Associates | Novis Renewables Holdings Llc |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 65 |  |
% of the investment | 49.00% |  |
Associates | Novamont SpA |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount |  | € 71 |
% of the investment |  | 25.00% |
Associates | United Gas Derivatives Co |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 58 | € 69 |
% of the investment | 33.33% | 33.33% |
Associates | Other investments |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 129 | € 127 |
Joint ventures |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | 2,832 | 4,592 |
Joint ventures | Var Energi AS |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 1,144 | € 2,518 |
% of the investment | 69.85% | 69.60% |
Joint ventures | Saipem SpA |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 908 | € 1,250 |
% of the investment | 31.08% | 30.99% |
Joint ventures | Union Fenosa Gas SA |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 242 | € 326 |
% of the investment | 50.00% | 50.00% |
Joint ventures | Cardon IV SA |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 199 | € 148 |
% of the investment | 50.00% | 50.00% |
Joint ventures | Gas Distribution Company of Thessaloniki Thessaly SA |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 140 | € 139 |
% of the investment | 49.00% | 49.00% |
Joint ventures | Lotte Versalis Elastomers Co Ltd |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 51 | € 74 |
% of the investment | 50.00% | 50.00% |
Joint ventures | Petro Junin SA |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 50 | € 53 |
% of the investment | 40.00% | 40.00% |
Joint ventures | Societa Oleodotti Meridionali - SOM SpA |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 32 |  |
% of the investment | 70.00% |  |
Joint ventures | AET Raffineriebeteiligungs gesellschaft mbH |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 17 | € 35 |
% of the investment | 33.33% | 33.33% |
Joint ventures | Other investments |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 49 | € 49 |
Investments in unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | 80 | 86 |
Investments in unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni | Eni BTC Ltd |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 24 | € 30 |
% of the investment | 100.00% | 100.00% |
Investments in unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni | Other investments |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 56 | € 56 |

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Investments - Market value of investments listed in regulated stock markets (Details) - EUR (€) € / shares in Units, € in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | ---
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Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 6,749 | € 9,035 | € 7,044
Joint ventures |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Net carrying amount | € 2,832 | € 4,592 |
Joint ventures | Saipem SpA |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Number of shares held | 308,767,968 |  |
% of the investment | 31.08% | 30.99% |
Share price | € 2.205 |  |
Market value | € 681 |  |
Net carrying amount | € 908 | € 1,250 |

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Investments - Other investments (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
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Investments |  |
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Additions and subscriptions | 8 | 11
Change in the fair value | 24 | (3)
Divestments and reimbursements | (12) | (12)
Currency translation differences | (61) | 15
Other changes | 69 | (1)
Carrying amount at the end of the year | € 957 | € 929

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Investments - Additional information (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Investments |  |  |
Additions and subscriptions | € 275 | € 2,992 |
Share of loss of equity-accounted investments | 1,733 | 184 |
Deduction for dividends | € 314 | 1,138 |
Percentage of reasonable changes in cost of capital | 1.00% |  |
Other investments | € 957 | 929 | € 919
Nigeria LNG Ltd |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Other investments | 579 | 657 |
Saudi European Petrochemical Co |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Other investments | 115 | € 146 |
Novamont SpA |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Other investments | 77 |  |
Novis Renewables Holdings Llc & Novis Renewables Llc |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Additions and subscriptions | 89 |  |
Associates | Abu Dhabi Oil Refining Co |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Share of loss of equity-accounted investments | € 275 |  |
Associates | Novis Renewables Holdings Llc |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Proportion of ownership interest acquired | 49.00% |  |
Associates | Finproject SpA |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Proportion of ownership interest acquired | 40.00% |  |
Additions and subscriptions | € 72 |  |
Difference amount between purchase price of interest acquired and book value of corresponding fraction of net equity | 44 |  |
Joint ventures | Lotte Versalis Elastomers Co Ltd |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Additions and subscriptions | 38 |  |
Joint ventures | Var Energi AS |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
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Deduction for dividends | 274 |  |
Joint ventures | Saipem SpA |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
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Percentage by which the fair value of investment is lower than the book value | 25.00% |  |
Joint ventures | Cardon IV SA |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Share of loss of equity-accounted investments | € 46 |  |
Proportion of ownership interest in joint venture | 50.00% |  |
Joint ventures | Novis Renewables Llc |  |  |
Investments |  |  |
Proportion of ownership interest acquired | 50.00% |  |

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Other financial assets (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Other financial assets |  |
Other current financial assets | € 254 | € 384
Other non-current financial assets | 1,008 | 1,174
Financing receivables held for operating and non operating purpose |  |
Other financial assets |  |
Other current financial assets | 254 | 384
Other non-current financial assets | 953 | 1,119
Financing receivables held for operating purposes |  |
Other financial assets |  |
Other current financial assets | 51 | 97
Other non-current financial assets | 953 | 1,119
Long-term financing receivables held for operating purposes |  |
Other financial assets |  |
Other current financial assets | 29 | 60
Other non-current financial assets | 953 | 1,119
Short-term financing receivables held for operating purposes |  |
Other financial assets |  |
Other current financial assets | 22 | 37
Financing receivables held for non operating purpose |  |
Other financial assets |  |
Other current financial assets | 203 | 287
Securities held for operating purposes |  |
Other financial assets |  |
Other non-current financial assets | € 55 | € 55

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Other financial assets - Financing receivables net of allowance for doubtful accounts (Details) - Accumulated impairment - Financing receivables held for operating and non operating purpose - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Other financial assets |  |
Financial assets at beginning of period | € 379 | € 430
Additions | 7 | 11
Deductions | (7) | (88)
Currency translation differences | (26) | 7
Other changes | (1) | 19
Financial assets at end of period | € 352 | € 379

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v3.20.4

Other financial assets - Securities per issuing entity (Details) - Amortized cost € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€)
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign state |
Other financial assets |
Amortized cost | € 55
Nominal value | 55
Fair value | 56
Maximum value of sovereign states bonds included in other category | 10
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states, Fixed rate bonds | Italy |
Other financial assets |
Amortized cost | 24
Nominal value | 24
Fair value | € 25
Maturity date | from 2021 to 2030
Rating - Moody's | Baa3
Rating - S&P | BBB
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Other financial assets |
Nominal rate of return (%) | 0.35%
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states, Fixed rate bonds | Italy | Maximum |
Other financial assets |
Nominal rate of return (%) | 4.75%
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states, Fixed rate bonds | Foreign (outside Italy) |
Other financial assets |
Amortized cost | € 17
Nominal value | 17
Fair value | € 17
Maturity date | from 2021 to 2025
Rating - Moody's | from Aa3 to Baa1
Rating - S&P | from AA to A
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states, Fixed rate bonds | Foreign (outside Italy) | Minimum |
Other financial assets |
Nominal rate of return (%) | 0.05%
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states, Fixed rate bonds | Foreign (outside Italy) | Maximum |
Other financial assets |
Nominal rate of return (%) | 0.20%
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states, Floating rate bonds | Italy |
Other financial assets |
Amortized cost | € 11
Nominal value | 11
Fair value | € 11
Maturity date | from 2022 to 2025
Rating - Moody's | Baa3
Rating - S&P | BBB
Quoted bonds issued by sovereign states, Floating rate bonds | Foreign (outside Italy) |
Other financial assets |
Amortized cost | € 3
Nominal value | 3
Fair value | € 3
Maturity date | 2022
Rating - Moody's | Baa3
Rating - S&P | BBB

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v3.20.4

Other financial assets - Additional information (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Cardon IV SA |  |
Other financial assets |  |
Proportion of ownership interest in joint venture | 50.00% |
Financing receivables held for operating purposes | Euro |  |
Other financial assets |  |
Other financial assets | € 178 |
Financing receivables held for operating purposes | US Dollars |  |
Other financial assets |  |
Other financial assets | 1,024 |
Financing receivables held for operating purposes | beyond 5 years |  |
Other financial assets |  |
Other financial assets | 771 | € 1,018
Financing receivables held for operating purposes | Cardon IV SA |  |
Other financial assets |  |
Other financial assets | 383 | € 563
Financing receivables held for operating purposes | Exploration & Production |  |
Other financial assets |  |
Other financial assets | 883 |
Non-current financing receivables held for operating purposes |  |
Other financial assets |  |
Fair value | € 953 |
Non-current financing receivables held for operating purposes | Minimum |  |
Other financial assets |  |
Discount rate applied to cash flow projections | (0.50%) | (0.30%)
Non-current financing receivables held for operating purposes | Maximum |  |
Other financial assets |  |
Discount rate applied to cash flow projections | 1.40% | 2.00%
Securities held for operating purposes |  |
Other financial assets |  |
Financial assets pledged as collateral for liabilities or contingent liabilities | € 20 | € 20
Securities held for operating purposes | Maximum |  |
Other financial assets |  |
Maturity of securities held for operating purposes | 5 years |

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v3.20.4

Trade and other payables - Break-down (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Trade and other payables |  |
Trade payables | € 8,679 | € 10,480
Down payments and advances from joint ventures in exploration and production activities | 417 | 401
Payables for purchase of non-current assets | 1,393 | 2,276
Payables due to partners in exploration & production activities | 1,120 | 1,236
Other payables | 1,327 | 1,152
Trade and other current payables | € 12,936 | € 15,545

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v3.20.4

Trade and other payables - Additional information (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Trade and other payables |  |
Increase (decrease) in trade payables | € (1,801) |
Other payables | 1,327 | € 1,152
Payroll payables | 255 | 215
Payables for social security contributions | 92 | 92
Trade and other payables | 12,936 | 15,545
Euro |  |
Trade and other payables |  |
Trade and other payables | 5,384 |
US Dollars |  |
Trade and other payables |  |
Trade and other payables | 6,243 |
Gas take-or-pay contracts |  |
Trade and other payables |  |
Other payables | € 376 | € 148

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v3.20.4

Finance debts - Short and long term debt (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Borrowings |  |
Short-term debt | € 2,882 | € 2,452
Current portion of long-term debt | 1,909 | 3,156
Long-term debt | 21,895 | 18,910
Total borrowings | 26,686 | 24,518
Banks |  |
Borrowings |  |
Short-term debt | 337 | 187
Current portion of long-term debt | 759 | 504
Long-term debt | 3,193 | 2,341
Total borrowings | 4,289 | 3,032
Ordinary Bonds |  |
Borrowings |  |
Current portion of long-term debt | 1,140 | 2,642
Long-term debt | 18,280 | 16,137
Total borrowings | 19,420 | 18,779
Convertible Bonds |  |
Borrowings |  |
Long-term debt | 396 | 393
Total borrowings | 396 | 393
Commercial papers |  |
Borrowings |  |
Short-term debt | 2,233 | 1,778
Total borrowings | 2,233 | 1,778
Other financial institutions |  |
Borrowings |  |
Short-term debt | 312 | 487
Current portion of long-term debt | 10 | 10
Long-term debt | 26 | 39
Total borrowings | € 348 | € 536

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v3.20.4

Finance debts - Ordinary bonds (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings | € 26,686 | € 24,518
Ordinary Bonds |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | 19,313 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 107 |
Borrowings | 19,420 | € 18,779
Euro Medium Term Notes |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | 16,257 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 99 |
Borrowings | 16,356 |
Other Bonds |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | 3,056 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 8 |
Borrowings | 3,064 |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | 13,900 |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes One |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | 1,200 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 16 |
Borrowings | € 1,216 |
Borrowings, original currency | EUR |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes One | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2025 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 3.75% |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Two |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 1,000 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 28 |
Borrowings | € 1,028 |
Borrowings, original currency | EUR |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Two | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2029 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 3.625% |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Three |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 1,000 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 12 |
Borrowings | € 1,012 |
Borrowings, original currency | EUR |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Three | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2023 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 3.25% |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Four |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 1,000 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 10 |
Borrowings | € 1,010 |
Borrowings, original currency | EUR |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Four | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2031 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 2.00% |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Five |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 1,000 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 9 |
Borrowings | € 1,009 |
Borrowings, original currency | EUR |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Five | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2026 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 1.50% |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Six |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 1,000 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 2 |
Borrowings | € 1,002 |
Borrowings, original currency | EUR |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Six | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2030 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 0.625% |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Seven |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 1,000 |
Borrowings | € 1,000 |
Borrowings, original currency | EUR |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Seven | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2026 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 1.25% |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Eight |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 900 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | (2) |
Borrowings | € 898 |
Borrowings, original currency | EUR |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Eight | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2024 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 0.625% |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Nine |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 800 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 2 |
Borrowings | € 802 |
Borrowings, original currency | EUR |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Nine | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2021 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 2.625% |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Ten |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 800 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 1 |
Borrowings | € 801 |
Borrowings, original currency | EUR |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Ten | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2028 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 1.625% |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Eleven |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 750 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 10 |
Borrowings | € 760 |
Borrowings, original currency | EUR |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Eleven | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2024 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 1.75% |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Twelve |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 750 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 6 |
Borrowings | € 756 |
Borrowings, original currency | EUR |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Twelve | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2027 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 1.50% |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Thirteen |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 750 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | (4) |
Borrowings | € 746 |
Borrowings, original currency | EUR |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Thirteen | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2034 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 1.00% |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Fourteen |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 700 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 2 |
Borrowings | € 702 |
Borrowings, original currency | EUR |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Fourteen | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2022 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 0.75% |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Fifteen |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 650 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 3 |
Borrowings | € 653 |
Borrowings, original currency | EUR |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Fifteen | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2025 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 1.00% |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Sixteen |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 600 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | (4) |
Borrowings | € 596 |
Borrowings, original currency | EUR |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes Sixteen | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2028 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 1.125% |
ENI SpA | Other bonds One |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 815 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 5 |
Borrowings | € 820 |
Borrowings, original currency | USD |
ENI SpA | Other bonds One | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2023 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 4.00% |
ENI SpA | Other bonds Two |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 815 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 3 |
Borrowings | € 818 |
Borrowings, original currency | USD |
ENI SpA | Other bonds Two | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2028 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 4.75% |
ENI SpA | Other bonds Three |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 815 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | (1) |
Borrowings | € 814 |
Borrowings, original currency | USD |
ENI SpA | Other bonds Three | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2029 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 4.25% |
ENI SpA | Other bonds Four |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 285 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 1 |
Borrowings | € 286 |
Borrowings, original currency | USD |
ENI SpA | Other bonds Four | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2040 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 5.70% |
Eni Finance International SA | Euro Medium Term Notes Seventeen |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 1,427 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | (3) |
Borrowings | € 1,424 |
Borrowings, original currency | USD |
Eni Finance International SA | Euro Medium Term Notes Seventeen | Minimum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2026 |
Eni Finance International SA | Euro Medium Term Notes Seventeen | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2027 |
Eni Finance International SA | Euro Medium Term Notes Eighteen |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 795 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 6 |
Borrowings | € 801 |
Borrowings, original currency | EUR |
Eni Finance International SA | Euro Medium Term Notes Eighteen | Minimum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2025 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 1.275% |
Eni Finance International SA | Euro Medium Term Notes Eighteen | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2043 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 5.441% |
Eni Finance International SA | Euro Medium Term Notes Nineteen |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 111 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | 5 |
Borrowings | € 116 |
Borrowings, original currency | GBP |
Eni Finance International SA | Euro Medium Term Notes Nineteen | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2021 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 4.75% |
Eni Finance International SA | Euro Medium Term Notes Twenty |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 24 |
Borrowings | € 24 |
Borrowings, original currency | YEN |
Eni Finance International SA | Euro Medium Term Notes Twenty | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2021 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 1.955% |
Eni USA Inc | Other bonds Five |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | € 326 |
Borrowings | € 326 |
Borrowings, original currency | USD |
Eni USA Inc | Other bonds Five | Maximum |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, maturity | 2027 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 7.30% |

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Finance debts - Convertible bonds (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings | € 26,686 | € 24,518
Convertible Bonds |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings | 396 | € 393
ENI SpA | Convertible Bonds |  |
Borrowings |  |
Nominal value | 400 |
Discount on bond issue and accrued expenses | (4) |
Borrowings | € 396 |
Borrowings, original currency | EUR |
Borrowings, maturity | 2022 |
Borrowings, interest rate | 0.00% |

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Finance debts - Currency of long-term debt (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings | € 26,686 | € 24,518
Short term debt |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings | 2,882 | 2,452
Short term debt | Euro |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings | 1,004 | € 464
Short term debt | Euro | Average |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, interest rate |  | 0.20%
Short term debt | US Dollars |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings | € 1,870 | € 1,981
Short term debt | US Dollars | Average |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, interest rate | 1.10% | 2.30%
Short term debt | Other |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings | € 8 | € 7
Short term debt | Other | Average |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, interest rate | (0.50%) | (0.70%)
Long-term debt and current portion of long-term debt |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings | € 23,804 | € 22,066
Long-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | Euro |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings | € 19,142 | € 16,526
Long-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | Euro | Average |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, interest rate | 1.70% | 2.10%
Long-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | US Dollars |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings | € 4,522 | € 5,392
Long-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | US Dollars | Average |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, interest rate | 4.60% | 4.60%
Long-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | Other |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings | € 140 | € 148
Long-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | Other | Average |  |
Borrowings |  |
Borrowings, interest rate | 4.30% | 4.30%

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Finance debts - Fair value of long-term debt (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Long-term debt and current portion of long-term debt |  |
Borrowings |  |
Financial liabilities, at fair value | € 26,970 | € 22,528
Long-term and current portion of long-term ordinary bonds |  |
Borrowings |  |
Financial liabilities, at fair value | 22,429 | 19,173
Long-term and current portion of long-term convertible bonds |  |
Borrowings |  |
Financial liabilities, at fair value | 497 | 402
Long-term and current portion of long-term bank debt |  |
Borrowings |  |
Financial liabilities, at fair value | 4,008 | 2,904
Long-term and current portion of long-term debt with other financial institutions |  |
Borrowings |  |
Financial liabilities, at fair value | € 36 | € 49

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v3.20.4

Finance debts - Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities (Details) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€)
Borrowings |
Carrying amount at beginning | € 30,166
Cash flows | 2,246
Currency translation differences | (1,209)
Other non-monetary changes | 501
Carrying amount at end | 31,704
Long-term debt and current portion of long-term debt |
Borrowings |
Carrying amount at beginning | 22,066
Cash flows | 2,178
Currency translation differences | (348)
Other non-monetary changes | (92)
Carrying amount at end | 23,804
Short term debt |
Borrowings |
Carrying amount at beginning | 2,452
Cash flows | 937
Currency translation differences | (528)
Other non-monetary changes | 21
Carrying amount at end | 2,882
Long-term and current portion of long-term lease liabilities |
Borrowings |
Carrying amount at beginning | 5,648
Cash flows | (869)
Currency translation differences | (333)
Other non-monetary changes | 572
Carrying amount at end | € 5,018

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v3.20.4

Finance debts - Additional information (Details) € in Millions | 1 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | --- | ---
May 31, 2020 EUR (€) | Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€) € / EquityInstruments | Dec. 31, 2019 EUR (€)
Borrowings |  |  |
Increase (decrease) in finance debts |  | € 2,168 |
Issuances net of repayments, finance debts |  | 3,115 |
Currency translation differences on financial debts |  | (876) |
Debts subjected to covenants |  | 1,051 | € 1,243
Borrowings |  | 26,686 | 24,518
Lease liabilities assumptions |  | 808 |
Uncommitted short-term borrowing facilities |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  |
Undrawn borrowing facilities |  | 7,183 | 13,299
Committed borrowing facilities |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  |
Undrawn borrowing facilities |  | 5,295 | 4,667
Over 12 months | Committed borrowing facilities |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  |
Undrawn borrowing facilities |  | € 4,750 | € 4,217
Minimum |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  |
Discount rates used to measure fair value of financial debt |  | (0.50%) | (0.30%)
Maximum |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  |
Discount rates used to measure fair value of financial debt |  | 1.40% | 2.00%
Ordinary Bonds |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  |
Borrowings |  | € 19,420 | € 18,779
Proceeds from borrowings |  | 3,514 |
Notional amount |  | 19,313 |
Ordinary Bonds | Not later than 18 months |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  |
Borrowings |  | 1,644 |
Euro Medium Term Notes |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  |
Borrowings |  | 16,356 |
Proceeds from borrowings | € 2,000 |  |
Maximum amount issuable |  | 20,000 |
Notional amount |  | 16,257 |
Other Bonds |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  |
Borrowings |  | 3,064 |
Notional amount |  | 3,056 |
Convertible Bonds |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  |
Borrowings |  | € 396 | € 393
Bond conversion price | € / EquityInstruments |  | 17.62 |
Bond premium with respect to share reference price at date of issuance |  | 35.00% |

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v3.20.4

Information on net borrowing (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Borrowings |  |
A. Cash and cash equivalents | € 9,413 | € 5,994
B. Held-for-trading financial assets | 5,502 | 6,760
C Liquidity (A+B) | 14,915 | 12,754
D. Financing receivables | 203 | 287
E. Short-term debt towards banks | 337 | 187
F. Long-term debt towards banks | 3,952 | 2,845
G. Bonds | 19,816 | 19,172
H. Short-term financial debt towards related parties | 52 | 46
I. Other short-term financial liabilities | 2,493 | 2,219
J. Other long-term financial liabilities | 36 | 49
Total borrowings | 26,686 | 24,518
L. Net borrowings before lease liabilities (K-C-D) | 11,568 | 11,477
M. Lease liabilities | 4,852 | 5,635
N. Lease liabilities towards related parties | 166 | 13
O. Total borrowings including lease liabilities (K+M+N) | 31,704 | 30,166
P. Net borrowings including lease liabilities (O-C-D) | 16,586 | 17,125
Share of lease liabilities of joint operators | 1,652 | 1,976
Current |  |
Borrowings |  |
A. Cash and cash equivalents | 9,413 | 5,994
B. Held-for-trading financial assets | 5,502 | 6,760
C Liquidity (A+B) | 14,915 | 12,754
D. Financing receivables | 203 | 287
E. Short-term debt towards banks | 337 | 187
F. Long-term debt towards banks | 759 | 504
G. Bonds | 1,140 | 2,642
H. Short-term financial debt towards related parties | 52 | 46
I. Other short-term financial liabilities | 2,493 | 2,219
J. Other long-term financial liabilities | 10 | 10
Total borrowings | 4,791 | 5,608
L. Net borrowings before lease liabilities (K-C-D) | (10,327) | (7,433)
M. Lease liabilities | 795 | 884
N. Lease liabilities towards related parties | 54 | 5
O. Total borrowings including lease liabilities (K+M+N) | 5,640 | 6,497
P. Net borrowings including lease liabilities (O-C-D) | (9,478) | (6,544)
Noncurrent |  |
Borrowings |  |
F. Long-term debt towards banks | 3,193 | 2,341
G. Bonds | 18,676 | 16,530
J. Other long-term financial liabilities | 26 | 39
Total borrowings | 21,895 | 18,910
L. Net borrowings before lease liabilities (K-C-D) | 21,895 | 18,910
M. Lease liabilities | 4,057 | 4,751
N. Lease liabilities towards related parties | 112 | 8
O. Total borrowings including lease liabilities (K+M+N) | 26,064 | 23,669
P. Net borrowings including lease liabilities (O-C-D) | € 26,064 | € 23,669

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v3.20.4

Provisions (Details) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€)
Provisions |
Carrying amount at beginning of period | € 14,106
New or increased provisions | 801
Initial recognition and changes in estimates | 955
Accretion discount | 190
Reversal of utilized provisions | (1,628)
Reversal of unutilized provisions | (403)
Currency translation differences | (522)
Other changes | (61)
Carrying amount at end of period | 13,438
Provisions for site restoration, abandonment and social projects |
Provisions |
Carrying amount at beginning of period | 8,936
Initial recognition and changes in estimates | 955
Accretion discount | 190
Reversal of utilized provisions | (252)
Reversal of unutilized provisions | (3)
Currency translation differences | (469)
Other changes | 5
Carrying amount at end of period | 9,362
Environmental provisions |
Provisions |
Carrying amount at beginning of period | 2,602
New or increased provisions | 168
Accretion discount | (2)
Reversal of utilized provisions | (296)
Reversal of unutilized provisions | (183)
Other changes | (26)
Carrying amount at end of period | 2,263
Provisions for litigations |
Provisions |
Carrying amount at beginning of period | 850
New or increased provisions | 172
Accretion discount | 1
Reversal of utilized provisions | (526)
Reversal of unutilized provisions | (96)
Currency translation differences | (31)
Other changes | 15
Carrying amount at end of period | 385
Provisions for taxes other than income taxes |
Provisions |
Carrying amount at beginning of period | 199
New or increased provisions | 61
Reversal of utilized provisions | (30)
Reversal of unutilized provisions | (53)
Currency translation differences | (8)
Other changes | 1
Carrying amount at end of period | 170
Loss adjustments and actuarial provisions for Eni's insurance companies |
Provisions |
Carrying amount at beginning of period | 333
New or increased provisions | 160
Reversal of utilized provisions | (237)
Other changes | 2
Carrying amount at end of period | 258
Provisions for losses on investments |
Provisions |
Carrying amount at beginning of period | 188
New or increased provisions | 44
Reversal of unutilized provisions | (6)
Currency translation differences | (4)
Other changes | (24)
Carrying amount at end of period | 198
Provisions for OIL insurance cover |
Provisions |
Carrying amount at beginning of period | 113
Reversal of unutilized provisions | (9)
Currency translation differences | (1)
Other changes | (8)
Carrying amount at end of period | 95
Provisions for redundancy incentives |
Provisions |
Carrying amount at beginning of period | 70
New or increased provisions | 1
Reversal of utilized provisions | (7)
Reversal of unutilized provisions | (11)
Carrying amount at end of period | 53
Provisions for disposal and restructuring |
Provisions |
Carrying amount at beginning of period | 46
New or increased provisions | 2
Reversal of utilized provisions | (14)
Reversal of unutilized provisions | (4)
Other changes | (1)
Carrying amount at end of period | 29
Miscellaneous other provisions |
Provisions |
Carrying amount at beginning of period | 769
New or increased provisions | 193
Accretion discount | 1
Reversal of utilized provisions | (266)
Reversal of unutilized provisions | (38)
Currency translation differences | (9)
Other changes | (25)
Carrying amount at end of period | € 625

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v3.20.4

Provisions - Additional information (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Provisions |  |
Provisions | € 13,438 | € 14,106
Initial recognition and changes in estimates | 955 |
Accretion discount | 190 |
Reversal of utilized provisions | (1,628) |
Provisions for site restoration, abandonment and social projects |  |
Provisions |  |
Provisions | 9,362 | € 8,936
Initial recognition and changes in estimates | 955 |
Accretion discount | € 190 |
Period to incur expenditures | 50 years |
Reversal of utilized provisions | € (252) |
Provisions for site restoration, abandonment and social projects | Minimum |  |
Provisions |  |
Discount rate | (0.20%) | (0.10%)
Provisions for site restoration, abandonment and social projects | Maximum |  |
Provisions |  |
Discount rate | 3.70% | 6.10%
Provisions for site restoration, abandonment and social projects | Exploration & Production |  |
Provisions |  |
Provisions | € 8,454 |
Estimated costs for social projects |  |
Provisions |  |
Initial recognition and changes in estimates | 439 |
Environmental provisions |  |
Provisions |  |
Provisions | 2,263 | € 2,602
Accretion discount | (2) |
Reversal of utilized provisions | (296) |
Environmental provisions | Eni Rewind SpA |  |
Provisions |  |
Provisions | 1,647 |
Environmental provisions | Refining & Marketing |  |
Provisions |  |
Provisions | 359 |
Provisions for litigations |  |
Provisions |  |
Provisions | 385 | 850
Accretion discount | 1 |
Reversal of utilized provisions | (526) |
Provisions for litigations | Exploration & Production |  |
Provisions |  |
Provisions | 250 |
Reversal of utilized provisions | (515) |
Provisions for taxes other than income taxes |  |
Provisions |  |
Provisions | 170 | 199
Reversal of utilized provisions | (30) |
Provisions for taxes other than income taxes | Exploration & Production |  |
Provisions |  |
Provisions | 139 |
Loss adjustments and actuarial provisions for Eni's insurance companies |  |
Provisions |  |
Provisions | 258 | 333
Reversal of utilized provisions | (237) |
Reinsurance receivables | 116 |
Provisions for losses on investments |  |
Provisions |  |
Provisions | 198 | 188
Provisions for losses on investments | ISAF SpA |  |
Provisions |  |
Provisions | 146 |
Provisions for OIL insurance cover |  |
Provisions |  |
Provisions | € 95 | € 113
Period for charging increased insurance premiums | 5 years |

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v3.20.4

Provisions for employee benefits (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Statement |  |
Provisions for employee benefits | € 1,201 | € 1,136
Other benefit plans |  |
Statement |  |
Provisions for employee benefits | 268 | 278
Defined benefit plan |  |
Statement |  |
Provisions for employee benefits | 933 | 858
Italian defined benefit plans |  |
Statement |  |
Provisions for employee benefits | 258 | 269
Foreign defined benefit plan |  |
Statement |  |
Provisions for employee benefits | 493 | 412
FISDE and other foreign medical plans |  |
Statement |  |
Provisions for employee benefits | € 182 | € 177

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v3.20.4

Provisions for employee benefits - Present value of employee benefits, estimated by applying actuarial techniques (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year | € 1,136 |
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year | 1,201 | € 1,136
Other benefit plans |  |
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year | 278 |
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year | 268 | 278
Defined benefit plan |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year | 858 |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year | 933 | 858
Italian defined benefit plans |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year | 269 |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year | 258 | 269
Foreign defined benefit plan |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year | 412 |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year | 493 | 412
FISDE and other foreign medical plans |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year | 177 |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year | 182 | 177
Present value of benefit liabilities |  |
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year | 1,768 | 1,657
Current cost | 76 | 76
Interest cost/income | 32 | 45
Remeasurements: | 70 | 71
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions | (9) |
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions | 98 | 61
- experience (gains) losses | (19) | 10
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements | 18 | 7
Plan contributions: | 1 | 1
- employee contributions | 1 | 1
Benefits paid | (125) | (140)
Currency translation differences and other changes | 8 | 51
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year | 1,848 | 1,768
Present value of benefit liabilities | Other benefit plans |  |
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year | 278 | 309
Current cost | 50 | 55
Interest cost/income | 1 | 1
Remeasurements: | 4 | 1
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions | 2 |
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions | 5 | 1
- experience (gains) losses | (3) |
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements | 20 | (2)
Benefits paid | (63) | (88)
Currency translation differences and other changes | (22) | 2
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year | 268 | 278
Present value of benefit liabilities | Defined benefit plan |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year | 1,490 | 1,348
Current cost | 26 | 21
Interest cost/income | 31 | 44
Remeasurements: | 66 | 70
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions | (11) |
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions | 93 | 60
- experience (gains) losses | (16) | 10
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements | (2) | 9
Plan contributions: | 1 | 1
- employee contributions | 1 | 1
Benefits paid | (62) | (52)
Currency translation differences and other changes | 30 | 49
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year | 1,580 | 1,490
Present value of benefit liabilities | Italian defined benefit plans |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year | 269 | 275
Interest cost/income | 2 | 4
Remeasurements: | 5 | 5
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions | (3) |
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions | 9 | 7
- experience (gains) losses | (1) | (2)
Benefits paid | (20) | (15)
Currency translation differences and other changes | 2 |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year | 258 | 269
Present value of benefit liabilities | Foreign defined benefit plan |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year | 1,044 | 925
Current cost | 23 | 19
Interest cost/income | 27 | 37
Remeasurements: | 48 | 41
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions | (10) |
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions | 71 | 50
- experience (gains) losses | (13) | (9)
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements | (2) | 1
Plan contributions: | 1 | 1
- employee contributions | 1 | 1
Benefits paid | (33) | (28)
Currency translation differences and other changes | 32 | 48
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year | 1,140 | 1,044
Present value of benefit liabilities | FISDE and other foreign medical plans |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year | 177 | 148
Current cost | 3 | 2
Interest cost/income | 2 | 3
Remeasurements: | 13 | 24
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in demographic assumptions | 2 |
- actuarial (gains) losses due to changes in financial assumptions | 13 | 3
- experience (gains) losses | (2) | 21
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements |  | 8
Benefits paid | (9) | (9)
Currency translation differences and other changes | (4) | 1
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year | 182 | 177
Plan assets |  |
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year | (632) | (545)
Interest cost/income | (15) | (20)
Return on plan assets | (51) | (23)
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements | 3 |
Plan contributions: | (15) | (14)
- employee contributions | (1) | (1)
- employer contributions | (14) | (13)
Benefits paid | 21 | 19
Currency translation differences and other changes | 41 | (49)
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year | (648) | (632)
Plan assets | Defined benefit plan |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year | (632) | (545)
Interest cost/income | (15) | (20)
Return on plan assets | (51) | (23)
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements | 3 |
Plan contributions: | (15) | (14)
- employee contributions | (1) | (1)
- employer contributions | (14) | (13)
Benefits paid | 21 | 19
Currency translation differences and other changes | 41 | (49)
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year | (648) | (632)
Plan assets | Foreign defined benefit plan |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year | (632) | (545)
Interest cost/income | (15) | (20)
Return on plan assets | (51) | (23)
Past service cost and (gains) losses settlements | 3 |
Plan contributions: | (15) | (14)
- employee contributions | (1) | (1)
- employer contributions | (14) | (13)
Benefits paid | 21 | 19
Currency translation differences and other changes | 41 | (49)
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year | (648) | (632)
Asset ceiling |  |
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year |  | 5
Change in asset ceiling | 1 | (5)
Net benefit liability (asset) at end of year | 1 |
Asset ceiling | Defined benefit plan |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year |  | 5
Change in asset ceiling | 1 | (5)
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year | 1 |
Asset ceiling | Foreign defined benefit plan |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at beginning of year |  | 5
Change in asset ceiling | 1 | € (5)
Net defined benefit liability (asset) at end of year | € 1 |

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v3.20.4

Provisions for employee benefits - Costs charged to the profit and loss account (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Statement |  |
Current cost | € 76 | € 76
Past service cost and (gains) losses on settlements | 21 | 7
- interest cost on liabilities | 32 | 45
- interest income on plan assets | (15) | (20)
Interest cost (income), net | 17 | 25
Remeasurements for long-term plans | 4 | 1
Total | 118 | 109
Payroll and related costs |  |
Statement |  |
Interest cost (income), net | 1 | 1
Total | 102 | 85
Financial income (expense) |  |
Statement |  |
Interest cost (income), net | 16 | 24
Total | 16 | 24
Other benefit plans |  |
Statement |  |
Current cost | 50 | 55
Past service cost and (gains) losses on settlements | 20 | (2)
- interest cost on liabilities | 1 | 1
Interest cost (income), net | 1 | 1
Remeasurements for long-term plans | 4 | 1
Total | 75 | 55
Other benefit plans | Payroll and related costs |  |
Statement |  |
Interest cost (income), net | 1 | 1
Total | 75 | 55
Defined benefit plan |  |
Statement |  |
Current cost | 26 | 21
Past service cost and (gains) losses on settlements | 1 | 9
- interest cost on liabilities | 31 | 44
- interest income on plan assets | (15) | (20)
Interest cost (income), net | 16 | 24
Total | 43 | 54
Defined benefit plan | Payroll and related costs |  |
Statement |  |
Total | 27 | 30
Defined benefit plan | Financial income (expense) |  |
Statement |  |
Interest cost (income), net | 16 | 24
Total | 16 | 24
Italian defined benefit plans |  |
Statement |  |
- interest cost on liabilities | 2 | 4
Interest cost (income), net | 2 | 4
Total | 2 | 4
Italian defined benefit plans | Financial income (expense) |  |
Statement |  |
Interest cost (income), net | 2 | 4
Total | 2 | 4
Foreign defined benefit plan |  |
Statement |  |
Current cost | 23 | 19
Past service cost and (gains) losses on settlements | 1 | 1
- interest cost on liabilities | 27 | 37
- interest income on plan assets | (15) | (20)
Interest cost (income), net | 12 | 17
Total | 36 | 37
Foreign defined benefit plan | Payroll and related costs |  |
Statement |  |
Total | 24 | 20
Foreign defined benefit plan | Financial income (expense) |  |
Statement |  |
Interest cost (income), net | 12 | 17
Total | 12 | 17
FISDE and other foreign medical plans |  |
Statement |  |
Current cost | 3 | 2
Past service cost and (gains) losses on settlements |  | 8
- interest cost on liabilities | 2 | 3
Interest cost (income), net | 2 | 3
Total | 5 | 13
FISDE and other foreign medical plans | Payroll and related costs |  |
Statement |  |
Total | 3 | 10
FISDE and other foreign medical plans | Financial income (expense) |  |
Statement |  |
Interest cost (income), net | 2 | 3
Total | € 2 | € 3

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v3.20.4

Provisions for employee benefits - Costs of defined benefit plans recognized in other comprehensive income (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Statement |  |  |
Actuarial (gains)/losses due to changes in demographic assumptions | € (11) |  |
Actuarial (gains)/losses due to changes in financial assumptions | 93 | € 60 |
Experience (gains) losses | (16) | 10 |
Return on plan assets | (51) | (23) |
Change in asset ceiling | 1 | (5) |
Remeasurements | 16 | 42 | € 15
Italian defined benefit plans |  |  |
Statement |  |  |
Actuarial (gains)/losses due to changes in demographic assumptions | (3) |  |
Actuarial (gains)/losses due to changes in financial assumptions | 9 | 7 |
Experience (gains) losses | (1) | (2) |
Remeasurements | 5 | 5 |
Foreign defined benefit plan |  |  |
Statement |  |  |
Actuarial (gains)/losses due to changes in demographic assumptions | (10) |  |
Actuarial (gains)/losses due to changes in financial assumptions | 71 | 50 |
Experience (gains) losses | (13) | (9) |
Return on plan assets | (51) | (23) |
Change in asset ceiling | 1 | (5) |
Remeasurements | (2) | 13 |
FISDE and other foreign medical plans |  |  |
Statement |  |  |
Actuarial (gains)/losses due to changes in demographic assumptions | 2 |  |
Actuarial (gains)/losses due to changes in financial assumptions | 13 | 3 |
Experience (gains) losses | (2) | 21 |
Remeasurements | € 13 | € 24 |

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v3.20.4

Provisions for employee benefits - Plan assets (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Statement |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | € 117 | € 32
Equity securities | 38 | 39
Debt securities | 297 | 388
Real estate | 8 | 7
Derivatives | 2 | 2
Investment funds | 76 | 79
Assets held by insurance company | 23 | 20
Other | 87 | 65
Total | 648 | 632
Level 1 |  |
Statement |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | 117 | 32
Equity securities | 38 | 39
Debt securities | 297 | 388
Real estate | 8 | 7
Derivatives | 2 | 2
Investment funds | 76 | 79
Assets held by insurance company | 20 | 17
Other | 87 | 65
Total | 645 | 629
Level 2 and 3 of fair value hierarchy |  |
Statement |  |
Assets held by insurance company | 3 | 3
Total | € 3 | € 3

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v3.20.4

Provisions for employee benefits - Actuarial assumptions used in the measurement of the liabilities (Details) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Other benefit plans |  |
Statement |  |
Rate of price inflation | 0.80% | 0.70%
Other benefit plans | Minimum |  |
Statement |  |
Discount rate | 0.00% | 0.00%
Other benefit plans | Maximum |  |
Statement |  |
Discount rate | 0.30% | 0.70%
Italian defined benefit plans |  |
Statement |  |
Discount rate | 0.30% | 0.70%
Rate of compensation increase | 1.80% | 1.70%
Rate of price inflation | 0.80% | 0.70%
Foreign defined benefit plan | Minimum |  |
Statement |  |
Discount rate | 0.10% | 0.00%
Rate of compensation increase | 1.30% | 1.30%
Rate of price inflation | 0.80% | 0.80%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 | 13 years | 13 years
Foreign defined benefit plan | Maximum |  |
Statement |  |
Discount rate | 14.70% | 13.70%
Rate of compensation increase | 12.50% | 12.50%
Rate of price inflation | 12.20% | 11.30%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 | 26 years | 25 years
FISDE and other foreign medical plans |  |
Statement |  |
Discount rate | 0.30% | 0.70%
Rate of price inflation | 0.80% | 0.70%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 | 24 years | 24 years

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v3.20.4

Provisions for employee benefits - Analysis by geographical area related to the main actuarial assumptions (Details) - Foreign defined benefit plan | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Minimum |  |
Statement |  |
Discount rate | 0.10% | 0.00%
Rate of compensation increase | 1.30% | 1.30%
Rate of price inflation | 0.80% | 0.80%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 | 13 years | 13 years
Maximum |  |
Statement |  |
Discount rate | 14.70% | 13.70%
Rate of compensation increase | 12.50% | 12.50%
Rate of price inflation | 12.20% | 11.30%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 | 26 years | 25 years
Euro Area | Minimum |  |
Statement |  |
Discount rate | 0.40% | 0.80%
Rate of compensation increase | 1.30% | 1.30%
Rate of price inflation | 1.30% | 1.30%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 | 21 years | 21 years
Euro Area | Maximum |  |
Statement |  |
Discount rate | 0.80% | 1.00%
Rate of compensation increase | 3.00% | 3.00%
Rate of price inflation | 1.90% | 2.00%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 | 22 years | 22 years
Rest of Europe | Minimum |  |
Statement |  |
Discount rate | 0.10% | 0.00%
Rate of compensation increase | 2.50% | 2.50%
Rate of price inflation | 0.80% | 0.80%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 | 23 years | 24 years
Rest of Europe | Maximum |  |
Statement |  |
Discount rate | 1.40% | 2.00%
Rate of compensation increase | 3.60% | 3.60%
Rate of price inflation | 3.10% | 3.10%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 | 26 years | 25 years
Africa | Minimum |  |
Statement |  |
Discount rate | 2.60% | 2.60%
Rate of compensation increase | 2.00% | 2.00%
Rate of price inflation | 2.60% | 2.60%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 | 13 years | 13 years
Africa | Maximum |  |
Statement |  |
Discount rate | 14.70% | 13.70%
Rate of compensation increase | 12.50% | 12.50%
Rate of price inflation | 12.20% | 11.30%
Life expectations on retirement at age 65 | 17 years | 17 years
Other areas | Minimum |  |
Statement |  |
Discount rate | 6.40% | 7.30%
Rate of compensation increase | 5.00% | 10.00%
Rate of price inflation | 3.00% | 3.30%
Other areas | Maximum |  |
Statement |  |
Discount rate | 9.80% | 11.30%
Rate of compensation increase | 9.80% | 11.30%
Rate of price inflation | 5.00% | 5.00%

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v3.20.4

Provisions for employee benefits - Effects of a possible change in the main actuarial assumptions (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Statement |  |
Percentage of reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption | 0.50% | 0.50%
Percentage of reasonably possible decrease in actuarial assumption | 0.50% | 0.50%
Other benefit plans | Actuarial assumption of discount rates |  |
Statement |  |
Increase (decrease) in other benefit obligation due to reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption | € (3) | € (4)
Increase (decrease) in other benefit obligation due to reasonably possible decrease in actuarial assumption | 1 | 1
Other benefit plans | Actuarial assumption of expected rates of inflation |  |
Statement |  |
Increase (decrease) in other benefit obligation due to reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption | 1 | 1
Italian defined benefit plans | Actuarial assumption of discount rates |  |
Statement |  |
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption | (10) | (12)
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible decrease in actuarial assumption | 6 | 13
Italian defined benefit plans | Actuarial assumption of expected rates of inflation |  |
Statement |  |
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption | 7 | 8
Foreign defined benefit plan | Actuarial assumption of discount rates |  |
Statement |  |
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption | (84) | (67)
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible decrease in actuarial assumption | 92 | 77
Foreign defined benefit plan | Actuarial assumption of expected rates of inflation |  |
Statement |  |
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption | 47 | 31
Foreign defined benefit plan | Actuarial assumption of expected rates of salary increases |  |
Statement |  |
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption | 25 | 18
Foreign defined benefit plan | Actuarial assumption of expected rates of pension increases |  |
Statement |  |
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption | 67 | 34
FISDE and other foreign medical plans | Actuarial assumption of discount rates |  |
Statement |  |
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption | (10) | (9)
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible decrease in actuarial assumption | 7 | 10
FISDE and other foreign medical plans | Actuarial assumption of medical cost trend rates |  |
Statement |  |
Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation due to reasonably possible increase in actuarial assumption | € 11 | € 10

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v3.20.4

Provisions for employee benefits - Maturity analysis (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) | € 1,201 | € 1,136
Other benefit plans |  |
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) | € 268 | € 278
Other benefit plans | Average |  |
Statement |  |
Weighted average duration of benefit obligation | 2 years 9 months 18 days | 3 years
Other benefit plans | within 1 year |  |
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) | € 71 | € 73
Other benefit plans | Later than one year and not later than two years |  |
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) | 66 | 68
Other benefit plans | Later than two years and not later than three years |  |
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) | 63 | 61
Other benefit plans | Later than three years and not later than four years |  |
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) | 16 | 17
Other benefit plans | Later than four years and not later than five years |  |
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) | 12 | 14
Other benefit plans | beyond 5 years |  |
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) | 40 | 45
Italian defined benefit plans |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | € 258 | € 269
Italian defined benefit plans | Average |  |
Statement |  |
Weighted average duration of defined benefit obligation | 8 years 2 months 12 days | 9 years 4 months 24 days
Italian defined benefit plans | within 1 year |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | € 12 | € 17
Italian defined benefit plans | Later than one year and not later than two years |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | 13 | 16
Italian defined benefit plans | Later than two years and not later than three years |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | 17 | 12
Italian defined benefit plans | Later than three years and not later than four years |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | 20 | 10
Italian defined benefit plans | Later than four years and not later than five years |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | 21 | 15
Italian defined benefit plans | beyond 5 years |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | 175 | 199
Foreign defined benefit plan |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | € 493 | € 412
Foreign defined benefit plan | Average |  |
Statement |  |
Weighted average duration of defined benefit obligation | 19 years 1 month 6 days | 18 years 1 month 6 days
Foreign defined benefit plan | within 1 year |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | € 44 | € 33
Foreign defined benefit plan | Later than one year and not later than two years |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | 42 | 35
Foreign defined benefit plan | Later than two years and not later than three years |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | 50 | 32
Foreign defined benefit plan | Later than three years and not later than four years |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | 63 | 39
Foreign defined benefit plan | Later than four years and not later than five years |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | 67 | 49
Foreign defined benefit plan | beyond 5 years |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | 227 | 224
FISDE and other foreign medical plans |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | € 182 | € 177
FISDE and other foreign medical plans | Average |  |
Statement |  |
Weighted average duration of defined benefit obligation | 13 years 8 months 12 days | 13 years 3 months 18 days
FISDE and other foreign medical plans | within 1 year |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | € 8 | € 9
FISDE and other foreign medical plans | Later than one year and not later than two years |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | 7 | 8
FISDE and other foreign medical plans | Later than two years and not later than three years |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | 7 | 7
FISDE and other foreign medical plans | Later than three years and not later than four years |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | 7 | 7
FISDE and other foreign medical plans | Later than four years and not later than five years |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | 7 | 7
FISDE and other foreign medical plans | beyond 5 years |  |
Statement |  |
Net defined benefit liability (asset) | € 146 | € 139

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v3.20.4

Provisions for employee benefits - Additional information (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) | € 1,201 | € 1,136
Estimate of contributions expected to be paid to plan for next annual reporting period | 132 |
Exploration & Production |  |
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) | 268 | 175
Defined benefit plan |  |
Statement |  |
Estimate of contributions expected to be paid to plan for next annual reporting period | 61 |
Other benefit plans |  |
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) | 268 | € 278
Deferred monetary incentive plans |  |
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) | 128 |
Isopensione |  |
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) | 97 |
Jubilee Awards |  |
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) | 28 |
Other Long term Plans |  |
Statement |  |
Net benefit liability (asset) | € 15 |

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v3.20.4

Deferred tax assets and liabilities (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |
Deferred tax liabilities before offsetting | € 8,581 | € 9,583
Deferred tax assets available for offset | (3,057) | (4,663)
Deferred tax liabilities | 5,524 | 4,920
Deferred tax assets before offsetting (net of accumulated write-down provisions) | 7,166 | 9,023
Deferred tax liabilities available for offset | (3,057) | (4,663)
Deferred tax assets | € 4,109 | € 4,360

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v3.20.4

Deferred tax assets and liabilities - Significant temporary differences (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax liabilities before offsetting | € 8,581 | € 9,583
Deferred tax assets | (7,166) | (9,023)
Deferred tax assets, gross |  |
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax assets | (16,231) | (15,767)
Accumulated impairment |  |
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax assets | 9,065 | 6,744
Accelerated tax depreciation |  |
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax liabilities before offsetting | 6,171 | 6,796
Leasing |  |
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax liabilities before offsetting | 1,089 | 1,375
Leasing | Deferred tax assets, gross |  |
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax assets | (1,113) | (1,385)
Difference between the fair value and the carrying amount of assets acquired |  |
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax liabilities before offsetting | 415 | 617
Site restoration and abandonment (tangible assets) |  |
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax liabilities before offsetting | 199 | 126
Application of the weighted average cost method in evaluation of inventories |  |
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax liabilities before offsetting | 56 | 97
Other temporary differences |  |
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax liabilities before offsetting | 651 | 572
Other temporary differences | Deferred tax assets, gross |  |
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax assets | (593) | (740)
Unused tax losses | Deferred tax assets, gross |  |
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax assets | (6,983) | (6,065)
Site restoration and abandonment (provisions for contingencies) | Deferred tax assets, gross |  |
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax assets | (2,211) | (2,242)
Timing differences on depreciation and amortization | Deferred tax assets, gross |  |
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax assets | (2,206) | (2,022)
Accruals for impairment losses and provisions for contingencies | Deferred tax assets, gross |  |
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax assets | (1,371) | (1,513)
Impairment losses | Deferred tax assets, gross |  |
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax assets | (1,213) | (946)
Employee benefits | Deferred tax assets, gross |  |
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax assets | (213) | (209)
Over/Under lifting | Deferred tax assets, gross |  |
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax assets | (211) | (525)
Unrealized intercompany profits | Deferred tax assets, gross |  |
Temporary differences |  |
Deferred tax assets | € (117) | € (120)

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Deferred tax assets and liabilities - Changes in deferred tax liabilities and assets (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Deferred tax liabilities, gross |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of year | € 9,583 | € 7,956
Additions | 960 | 1,265
Deductions | (1,326) | (1,205)
Currency translation differences | (725) | 194
Other changes | 89 | (97)
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of year | 8,581 | 9,583
Deferred tax liabilities, gross | Increase (decrease) due to application of IFRS 16 |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of year |  | 1,470
Deferred tax liabilities, gross | After initial application |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of year |  | 9,426
Deferred tax assets, gross |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of year | (15,767) | (13,356)
Additions | (2,649) | (2,091)
Deductions | 1,357 | 1,407
Currency translation differences | 742 | (182)
Other changes | 86 | (75)
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of year | (16,231) | (15,767)
Deferred tax assets, gross | Increase (decrease) due to application of IFRS 16 |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of year |  | (1,470)
Deferred tax assets, gross | After initial application |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of year |  | (14,826)
Accumulated impairment |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of year | 6,744 | 5,741
Additions | 2,638 | 1,161
Deductions | (130) | (174)
Currency translation differences | (192) | 34
Other changes | 5 | (18)
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of year | 9,065 | 6,744
Accumulated impairment | After initial application |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of year |  | 5,741
Deferred tax assets net of impairment before offsetting |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of year | (9,023) | (7,615)
Additions | (11) | (930)
Deductions | 1,227 | 1,233
Currency translation differences | 550 | (148)
Other changes | 91 | (93)
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of year | € (7,166) | (9,023)
Deferred tax assets net of impairment before offsetting | Increase (decrease) due to application of IFRS 16 |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of year |  | (1,470)
Deferred tax assets net of impairment before offsetting | After initial application |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of year |  | € (9,085)

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v3.20.4

Deferred tax assets and liabilities - Additional information (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |  |
Carry-forward tax losses | € 23,325 |  |
Carry-forward tax losses indefinitely | 17,323 |  |
Deferred tax assets | € 7,166 | € 9,023 |
Tax rate | 24.00% | 24.00% | 24.00%
Accumulated impairment |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | € (9,065) | € (6,744) |
Italy |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |  |
Carry-forward tax losses | € 13,153 |  |
Tax rate | 24.00% |  |
Italy | Accumulated impairment |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | € (7,090) |  |
Italy | Unused tax losses |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 3,734 |  |
Foreign (outside Italy) |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |  |
Carry-forward tax losses | € 10,172 |  |
Tax rate | 31.90% |  |
Foreign (outside Italy) | Accumulated impairment |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | € (1,975) |  |
Foreign (outside Italy) | Unused tax losses |  |  |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | € 3,249 |  |

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v3.20.4

Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | € 2,733 | € 3,239
Offsetting | (1,033) | (612)
Net amount | 1,700 | 2,627
- current | 1,548 | 2,573
- non-current | 152 | 54
Derivative financial liabilities | 2,804 | 3,366
Offsetting | (1,033) | (612)
Net amount | 1,771 | 2,754
- current | 1,609 | 2,704
- non-current | 162 | 50
Non-hedging derivatives |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 792 | 437
Derivative financial liabilities | 734 | 321
Non-hedging derivatives | Currency |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 257 | 131
Derivative financial liabilities | 136 | 48
Non-hedging derivatives | Currency | Currency swap contract | Level 2 |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 125 | 97
Derivative financial liabilities | 127 | 43
Non-hedging derivatives | Currency | Interest rate swap contract | Level 2 |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 128 | 26
Derivative financial liabilities | 2 |
Non-hedging derivatives | Currency | Outright | Level 2 |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 4 | 8
Derivative financial liabilities | 7 | 5
Non-hedging derivatives | Interest rate risk |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 23 | 13
Derivative financial liabilities | 74 | 34
Non-hedging derivatives | Interest rate risk | Interest rate swap contract | Level 2 |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 23 | 13
Derivative financial liabilities | 74 | 34
Non-hedging derivatives | Commodity price risk |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 512 | 293
Derivative financial liabilities | 524 | 239
Non-hedging derivatives | Commodity price risk | Futures contract | Level 1 |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 418 | 192
Derivative financial liabilities | 447 | 181
Non-hedging derivatives | Commodity price risk | Over the counter contract | Level 2 |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 89 | 89
Derivative financial liabilities | 77 | 58
Non-hedging derivatives | Commodity price risk | Other contracts | Level 2 |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 5 | 12
Trading derivatives |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 1,611 | 2,756
Derivative financial liabilities | 1,979 | 2,288
Trading derivatives | Commodity price risk | Futures contract | Level 1 |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 440 | 348
Derivative financial liabilities | 525 | 313
Trading derivatives | Commodity price risk | Over the counter contract | Level 2 |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 1,167 | 2,387
Derivative financial liabilities | 1,451 | 1,953
Trading derivatives | Commodity price risk | Option contract | Level 2 |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 4 | 21
Derivative financial liabilities | 3 | 22
Cash flow hedge derivatives |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 328 | 35
Derivative financial liabilities | 89 | 746
Cash flow hedge derivatives | Commodity price risk | Futures contract | Level 1 |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 119 | 34
Derivative financial liabilities | 8 | 148
Cash flow hedge derivatives | Commodity price risk | Over the counter contract | Level 2 |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 209 | 1
Derivative financial liabilities | 30 | 596
Cash flow hedge derivatives | Commodity price risk | Option contract | Level 2 |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial liabilities | 51 | 2
Option embedded in convertible bonds | Level 2 |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Derivative financial assets | 2 | 11
Derivative financial liabilities | € 2 | € 11

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Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting - Hedging derivative instruments (Details) - Cash flow hedge derivatives € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€) | Dec. 31, 2019 EUR (€)
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Nominal amount of the hedging instrument | 1,362 | 3,424
Change in fair value (effective hedge) | € (280) | € (1,418)
Change in fair value (ineffective hedge) | € (1) | € (2)
Commodity price risk | Over the counter contract |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Nominal amount of the hedging instrument | 821 | 2,179
Change in fair value (effective hedge) | € (438) | € (1,357)
Change in fair value (ineffective hedge) |  | € (2)
Commodity price risk | Futures contract |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Nominal amount of the hedging instrument | 541 | 1,245
Change in fair value (effective hedge) | € 158 | € (61)
Change in fair value (ineffective hedge) | € (1) |

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Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting - Underlying asset or liability by type of risk hedged under cash flow hedge (Details) - Cash flow hedge derivatives - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Cash flow hedges [abstract] |  |
Change of underlying asset used for calculation of hedging ineffectiveness | € 284 | € 1,444
CFH reserve | (7) | (656)
Reclassification adjustments on cash flow hedges, before tax | (941) | (739)
Commodity price risk | Planned sales |  |
Cash flow hedges [abstract] |  |
Change of underlying asset used for calculation of hedging ineffectiveness | 284 | 1,444
CFH reserve | (7) | (656)
Reclassification adjustments on cash flow hedges, before tax | € (941) | € (739)

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Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting - Effects recognized in other operating profit (loss) (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |  |
Other operating income (expense) | € (766) | € 287 | € 129
Derivatives |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |  |
Other operating income (expense) | (766) | 287 | 129
Cash flow hedge derivatives |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |  |
Other operating income (expense) | (1) | (2) |
Other derivatives |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |  |
Other operating income (expense) | € (765) | € 289 | € 129

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Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting - Effects recognized in finance income (loss) (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |  |
Income (expense) from derivative financial instruments | € 351 | € (14) | € (307)
Currency |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |  |
Income (expense) from derivative financial instruments | 391 | 9 | (329)
Interest rate risk |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |  |
Income (expense) from derivative financial instruments | € (40) | € (23) | € 22

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Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting - Additional Information (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Bonds issued | € 19,816 | € 19,172
Fair value hedges | US Dollars |  |
Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting |  |
Exchange rate risk deriving from securities | € 1,335 |
Hedging instrument | 120 |
Bonds issued | € 1,546 |

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Assets held for sale and liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Assets held for sale and liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale |  |
Non-current assets or disposal groups classified as held for sale | € 44 | € 18
Tangible assets |  |
Assets held for sale and liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale |  |
Non-current assets or disposal groups classified as held for sale | € 44 | € 18

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Equity (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Equity |  |
Share capital | € 4,005 | € 4,005
Retained earnings | 34,043 | 35,894
Cumulative currency translation differences | 3,895 | 7,209
Perpetual subordinated bonds | 3,000 |
Legal reserve | 959 | 959
Reserve for treasury shares | 581 | 981
Reserve for OCI on cash flow hedging derivatives net of the tax effect | (5) | (465)
Reserve for OCI on defined benefit plans net of tax effect | (165) | (173)
Reserve for OCI on equity-accounted investments | 92 | 60
Reserve for OCI on other investments valued at fair value | 36 | 12
Other reserves | 190 | 190
Treasury shares | (581) | (981)
Net profit (loss) for the year | (8,635) | 148
Equity attributable to equity holders of Eni | € 37,415 | € 47,839

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v3.20.4

Equity - Reserves for Other Comprehensive Income (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Reserves within equity |  |
Balance | € 47,900 | € 51,073
Balance | 37,493 | 47,900
Reserve for OCI on cash flow hedge derivatives |  |
Reserves within equity |  |
Balance | (465) | (9)
Changes of the year | (199) | (1,007)
Reversal to inventories adjustments | (9) | 26
Reclassification adjustments | 668 | 525
Balance | (5) | (465)
Reserve for OCI on cash flow hedge derivatives | Gross reserve |  |
Reserves within equity |  |
Balance | (656) | (13)
Changes of the year | (280) | (1,418)
Reversal to inventories adjustments | (12) | 36
Reclassification adjustments | 941 | 739
Balance | (7) | (656)
Reserve for OCI on cash flow hedge derivatives | Deferred tax liabilities, gross |  |
Reserves within equity |  |
Balance | 191 | 4
Changes of the year | 81 | 411
Reversal to inventories adjustments | 3 | (10)
Reclassification adjustments | (273) | (214)
Balance | 2 | 191
Reserve for OCI on defined benefit plans |  |
Reserves within equity |  |
Balance | (173) | (130)
Changes of the year | 9 | (44)
Foreign currency translation differences | (1) | (3)
Change in scope of consolidation |  | 4
Balance | (165) | (173)
OCI relating to equity-accounted investments | (7) | (7)
Reserve for OCI on defined benefit plans | Gross reserve |  |
Reserves within equity |  |
Balance | (190) | (143)
Changes of the year | (16) | (49)
Foreign currency translation differences | (6) | (3)
Change in scope of consolidation |  | 5
Balance | (212) | (190)
Reserve for OCI on defined benefit plans | Deferred tax liabilities, gross |  |
Reserves within equity |  |
Balance | 17 | 13
Changes of the year | 25 | 5
Foreign currency translation differences | 5 |
Change in scope of consolidation |  | (1)
Balance | 47 | 17
Reserve for OCI equity-accounted investments |  |
Reserves within equity |  |
Balance | 60 | 66
Changes of the year | 32 | (6)
Balance | 92 | 60
Reserve for OCI on Investments fair value |  |
Reserves within equity |  |
Balance | 12 | 15
Changes of the year | 24 | (3)
Balance | € 36 | € 12

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v3.20.4

Equity - Reconciliation of net profit and shareholders' equity of parent company (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017
Separate to consolidated reconciliation |  |  |  |
Excess of net equity stated in the separate accounts of consolidated subsidiaries over the corresponding carrying amounts of the parent company, Net profit | € (10,660) | € (2,800) |  |
- difference between purchase cost and underlying carrying amounts of net equity, Net profit | (6) | (6) |  |
- adjustments to comply with Group accounting policies, Net profit | 264 | (348) |  |
- elimination of unrealized intercompany profits, Net profit | 88 | (74) |  |
- deferred taxation, Net profit | 79 | 405 |  |
Profit (loss) | (8,628) | 155 | € 4,137 |
Non-controlling interest, Net profit | (7) | (7) | (11) |
Profit (loss), attributable to owners of parent | (8,635) | 148 | 4,126 |
Excess of net equity stated in the separate accounts of consolidated subsidiaries over the corresponding carrying amounts of the parent company, Shareholders' equity | (8,839) | 5,211 |  |
- difference between purchase cost and underlying carrying amounts of net equity, Shareholders' equity | 193 | 202 |  |
- adjustments to comply with Group accounting policies, Shareholders' equity | 2,086 | 1,424 |  |
- elimination of unrealized intercompany profits, Shareholders' equity | (478) | (593) |  |
- deferred taxation, Shareholders' equity | (176) | 20 |  |
Equity. | 37,493 | 47,900 | € 51,073 | € 48,079
Non-controlling interest | (78) | (61) |  |
As recorded in Consolidated Financial Statements, Shareholders' equity | 37,415 | 47,839 |  |
Eni SpA's Financial Statements |  |  |  |
Separate to consolidated reconciliation |  |  |  |
Profit (loss) | 1,607 | 2,978 |  |
Equity. | € 44,707 | € 41,636 |  |

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v3.20.4

Equity - Additional information (Details) |  |  |  | 1 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Oct. 13, 2020 EUR (€) | Sep. 15, 2020 EUR (€) € / shares | May 13, 2020 EUR (€) € / shares shares | Oct. 31, 2020 EUR (€) instrument | Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€) instrument shares | Dec. 31, 2019 EUR (€) shares | Dec. 31, 2018 EUR (€) | Oct. 13, 2049 | Jan. 13, 2046 | Oct. 13, 2034 | Jan. 13, 2031 | Oct. 13, 2029 | Jan. 13, 2026
Share capital |  |  |  |  | € 4,005,000,000 | € 4,005,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividend per share to fully settle prior year dividend | € / shares |  |  | € 0.43 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividends recognised as distributions to owners per share | € / shares |  |  | 0.86 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interim dividends paid per share relating to prior year | € / shares |  |  | € 0.43 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cancellation of treasury shares, number | shares |  |  | 28,590,482 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interim dividend distribution of Eni SpA |  |  |  |  | 429,000,000 | 1,542,000,000 | € 1,513,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs for the issue of perpetual subordinated bonds |  |  |  |  | 25,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other reserves |  |  |  |  | € 190,000,000 | € 190,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of treasury shares | shares |  |  |  |  | 33,045,197 | 61,635,679 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Treasury shares |  |  |  |  | € 581,000,000 | € 981,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Distributable reserves |  |  |  |  | 30,000,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-Term Monetary Incentive Plan 2020 - 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Authorised number of treasury shares to be disposed | shares |  |  | 20,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other reserves and equity instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cancellation of treasury shares |  |  | € (399,999,994.58) |  | (400,000,000) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merger reserve |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other reserves |  |  |  |  | € 127,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retained earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interim dividend distribution of Eni SpA |  | € 429,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interim dividends paid per share | € / shares |  | € 0.12 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Perpetual subordinated bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of euro-denominated perpetual subordinated hybrid bonds issued | instrument |  |  |  | 2 | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notional amount |  |  |  | € 3,000,000,000 | € 3,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs for the issue of perpetual subordinated bonds |  |  |  |  | 25,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Perpetual subordinated bond, one |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notional amount | € 1,500,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term of the bonds | 5 years 3 months |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reoffer price (as a percent) | 99.403% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Annual fixed coupon (as a percent) | 2.625% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Perpetual subordinated bond, one | Five Year Euro Mid Swap Rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Initial spread on variable rate (as a percent) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.167%
Additional spread on variable rate (as a percent) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.75% |  | 0.25% |  |
Perpetual subordinated bond, two |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notional amount | € 1,500,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term of the bonds | 9 years |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reoffer price (as a percent) | 100.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Annual fixed coupon (as a percent) | 3.375% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Perpetual subordinated bond, two | Five Year Euro Mid Swap Rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Initial spread on variable rate (as a percent) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.641% |
Additional spread on variable rate (as a percent) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.75% |  | 0.25% |  |  |
ENI SpA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share capital |  |  |  |  | € 4,005,358,876 | € 4,005,358,876 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ENI SpA | Ordinary shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares issued | shares |  |  |  |  | 3,605,594,848 | 3,634,185,330 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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v3.20.4

Other information - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Other information |  |  |
Current assets | € 15 | € 1 | € 44
Non-current assets | 193 | 12 | 198
Net borrowings | (64) |  | 11
Current and non-current liabilities | (17) | (6) | (47)
Net effect of investments | 127 | 7 | 206
Fair value of investments held before the acquisition of control |  |  | (50)
Non-controlling interests | (15) | (2) |
Gain on a bargain purchase |  |  | (8)
Purchase price | 112 | 5 | 148
Cash and cash equivalents | (3) |  | (29)
Consolidated subsidiaries and businesses net of cash and cash equivalent acquired | € 109 | 5 | 119
Current assets |  | 77 | 328
Non-current assets |  | 188 | 5,079
Net borrowings |  | 11 | 785
Current and non-current liabilities |  | (57) | (3,470)
Net effect of disposals |  | 219 | 2,722
Reclassification of foreign currency translation differences among other items of comprehensive income |  | (24) | 113
Fair value of share capital held after the sale of control |  |  | (3,498)
Fair value valuation for business combination |  |  | 889
Gain (loss) on disposal |  | 16 | 13
Selling price |  | 211 | 239
Cash and cash equivalents |  | (24) | (286)
Consolidated subsidiaries and businesses net of cash and cash equivalent disposed of |  | € 187 | € (47)

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v3.20.4

Other information - Additional Information (Details) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€) project company | Dec. 31, 2019 EUR (€) | Dec. 31, 2018 EUR (€)
Other information |  |  |
Consideration transferred, acquisition-date fair value | € 112 | € 5 | € 148
Net effect of disposals |  | 219 | 2,722
Cash and cash equivalents divested |  | 24 | 286
Fair value of share capital held after the sale of control |  |  | 3,498
Fair valuation of business combination |  |  | 889
Reclassification of foreign currency translation differences among other items of comprehensive income |  | (24) | 113
Selling price |  | € 211 | 239
MET holding |  |  |
Other information |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents divested |  |  | 13
Selling price |  |  | € 145
Var Energi AS |  |  |
Other information |  |  |
Proportion of ownership interest in joint venture | 69.85% |  | 69.60%
Agip Oil Ecuador BV |  |  |
Other information |  |  |
Percentage of ownership interest divested |  | 100.00% |
Eni Norge AS |  |  |
Other information |  |  |
Net effect of disposals |  |  | € 2,486
Cash and cash equivalents divested |  |  | 258
Fair value of share capital held after the sale of control |  |  | 3,498
Fair valuation of business combination |  |  | 889
Reclassification of foreign currency translation differences among other items of comprehensive income |  |  | € 123
Tigaz Zrt | MET holding |  |  |
Other information |  |  |
Percentage of ownership interest divested |  |  | 98.99%
Tigaz DSO | MET holding |  |  |
Other information |  |  |
Percentage of ownership interest divested |  |  | 100.00%
Lasmo sanga sanga |  |  |
Other information |  |  |
Percentage of ownership interest divested |  |  | 26.25%
Selling price |  |  | € 33
Eni Croatia BV |  |  |
Other information |  |  |
Percentage of ownership interest divested |  |  | 100.00%
Cash and cash equivalents divested |  |  | € 15
Selling price |  |  | € 20
Eni Trinidad and Tobago Ltd |  |  |
Other information |  |  |
Percentage of ownership interest divested |  |  | 100.00%
Selling price |  |  | € 10
Evolvere |  |  |
Other information |  |  |
Percentage of voting equity interests acquired | 70.00% |  |
Consideration transferred, acquisition-date fair value | € 97 |  |
Cash and cash equivalents in subsidiary or businesses acquired or disposed | 3 |  |
Companies holding authorization rights for wind projects |  |  |
Other information |  |  |
Consideration transferred, acquisition-date fair value | € 12 |  |
Number of companies acquired | company | 3 |  |
Number of wind projects to be constructed in Puglia | project | 3 |  |
SEA SpA |  |  |
Other information |  |  |
Percentage of voting equity interests acquired |  | 60.00% |
Petroven Srl |  |  |
Other information |  |  |
Percentage of voting equity interests acquired |  | 32.00% |
Mossi Ghisolfi Group |  |  |
Other information |  |  |
Consideration transferred, acquisition-date fair value |  |  | € 75
Gas Distribution Company of Thessaloniki Thessaly SA |  |  |
Other information |  |  |
Percentage of voting equity interests acquired |  |  | 51.00%
Consideration transferred, acquisition-date fair value |  |  | € 24
Cash and cash equivalents in subsidiary or businesses acquired or disposed |  |  | 28
Mestni Plinovodi distribucija plina doo |  |  |
Other information |  |  |
Consideration transferred, acquisition-date fair value |  |  | 15
Cash and cash equivalents in subsidiary or businesses acquired or disposed |  |  | € 1

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v3.20.4

Guarantees, commitments and risks - Guarantees (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Guarantees | € 8,884 | € 8,862
Consolidated subsidiaries |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Guarantees | 4,758 | 4,323
Investments in unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Guarantees | 176 | 197
Joint ventures and associates |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Guarantees | 3,800 | 4,075
Others |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Guarantees | € 150 | € 267

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v3.20.4

Guarantees, commitments and risks - Commitments and risks (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Commitments | € 69,998 | € 74,338
Risks | 600 | 676
Commitments and risks | € 70,598 | € 75,014

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v3.20.4

Guarantees, commitments and risks - Value at risk - parametric method (Details) - EUR (€) € in Thousands | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Interest rate risk |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | € 1,340 | € 3,000
Interest rate risk | Maximum |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | 7,390 | 5,190
Interest rate risk | Minimum |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | 1,180 | 2,440
Interest rate risk | Average |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | 2,930 | 3,800
Currency |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | 180 | 150
Currency | Maximum |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | 480 | 410
Currency | Minimum |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | 100 | 70
Currency | Average |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | € 280 | € 170

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v3.20.4

Guarantees, commitments and risks - Value at risk - Historic simulation method (Details) - EUR (€) € in Thousands | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Commercial exposure |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | € 3,020 | € 9,110
Commercial exposure | Maximum |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | 16,100 | 23,030
Commercial exposure | Minimum |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | 3,020 | 7,740
Commercial exposure | Average |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | 8,500 | 11,220
Trading |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | 250 | 310
Trading | Maximum |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | 1,570 | 1,600
Trading | Minimum |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | 100 | 250
Trading | Average |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | € 520 | € 510

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v3.20.4

Guarantees, commitments and risks - Sensitivity EUR (Details) - Strategic liquidity risk - Euro - EUR (€) € in Thousands | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | € 300 | € 330
Minimum |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | 290 | 310
Maximum |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | 370 | 370
Average |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | € 320 | € 350

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v3.20.4

Guarantees, commitments and risks - Sensitivity USD (Details) - Strategic liquidity risk - US Dollars - USD ($) $ in Thousands | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Value at risk | $ 50 | $ 50
Minimum |  |
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Value at risk | 30 | 20
Maximum |  |
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Value at risk | 70 | 50
Average |  |
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Value at risk | $ 50 | $ 40

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v3.20.4

Guarantees, commitments and risks - Expected payments for liabilities, trade and other payables (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Debt and derivatives |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Financial liabilities | € 33,332 | € 32,748
Debt and derivatives | within 1 year |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Financial liabilities | 7,003 | 8,948
Debt and derivatives | Later than one year and not later than two years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Financial liabilities | 2,137 | 2,338
Debt and derivatives | Later than two years and not later than three years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Financial liabilities | 3,985 | 1,760
Debt and derivatives | Later than three years and not later than four years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Financial liabilities | 2,541 | 3,177
Debt and derivatives | Later than four years and not later than five years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Financial liabilities | 3,143 | 2,209
Debt and derivatives | beyond 5 years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Financial liabilities | 14,523 | 14,316
Long-term debt and current portion of long-term debt |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 23,695 | 21,920
Long-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | within 1 year |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 1,697 | 2,908
Long-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | Later than one year and not later than two years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 1,518 | 1,704
Long-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | Later than two years and not later than three years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 3,469 | 1,259
Long-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | Later than three years and not later than four years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 2,049 | 2,743
Long-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | Later than four years and not later than five years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 2,730 | 1,785
Long-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | beyond 5 years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 12,232 | 11,521
Short term debt |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 2,882 | 2,452
Short term debt | within 1 year |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 2,882 | 2,452
Long-term and current portion of long-term lease liabilities |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 4,984 | 5,622
Long-term and current portion of long-term lease liabilities | within 1 year |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 815 | 884
Long-term and current portion of long-term lease liabilities | Later than one year and not later than two years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 593 | 632
Long-term and current portion of long-term lease liabilities | Later than two years and not later than three years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 503 | 487
Long-term and current portion of long-term lease liabilities | Later than three years and not later than four years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 442 | 434
Long-term and current portion of long-term lease liabilities | Later than four years and not later than five years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 413 | 424
Long-term and current portion of long-term lease liabilities | beyond 5 years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 2,218 | 2,761
Derivatives |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Derivative financial liabilities | 1,771 | 2,754
Derivatives | within 1 year |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Derivative financial liabilities | 1,609 | 2,704
Derivatives | Later than one year and not later than two years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Derivative financial liabilities | 26 | 2
Derivatives | Later than two years and not later than three years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Derivative financial liabilities | 13 | 14
Derivatives | Later than three years and not later than four years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Derivative financial liabilities | 50 |
Derivatives | beyond 5 years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Derivative financial liabilities | 73 | 34
Interest on finance debt and lease liabilities |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 5,218 | 6,037
Interest on finance debt and lease liabilities | within 1 year |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 797 | 935
Interest on finance debt and lease liabilities | Later than one year and not later than two years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 725 | 754
Interest on finance debt and lease liabilities | Later than two years and not later than three years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 680 | 616
Interest on finance debt and lease liabilities | Later than three years and not later than four years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 579 | 575
Interest on finance debt and lease liabilities | Later than four years and not later than five years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 525 | 475
Interest on finance debt and lease liabilities | beyond 5 years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 1,912 | 2,682
Interest on finance debt |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 3,347 | 3,677
Interest on finance debt | within 1 year |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 502 | 594
Interest on finance debt | Later than one year and not later than two years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 473 | 452
Interest on finance debt | Later than two years and not later than three years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 461 | 353
Interest on finance debt | Later than three years and not later than four years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 387 | 342
Interest on finance debt | Later than four years and not later than five years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 360 | 269
Interest on finance debt | beyond 5 years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 1,164 | 1,667
Interest on lease liabilities |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 1,871 | 2,360
Interest on lease liabilities | within 1 year |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 295 | 341
Interest on lease liabilities | Later than one year and not later than two years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 252 | 302
Interest on lease liabilities | Later than two years and not later than three years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 219 | 263
Interest on lease liabilities | Later than three years and not later than four years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 192 | 233
Interest on lease liabilities | Later than four years and not later than five years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 165 | 206
Interest on lease liabilities | beyond 5 years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 748 | 1,015
Guarantees |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | 1,072 | 926
Guarantees | within 1 year |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Non-derivative financial liabilities | € 1,072 | € 926

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v3.20.4

Guarantees, commitments and risks - Expected payments for trade and other payables (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Trade and other payables | € 13,141 | € 15,699
within 1 year |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Trade and other payables | 12,936 | 15,545
between 2 and 5 years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Trade and other payables | 111 | 54
beyond 5 years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Trade and other payables | 94 | 100
Trade payables |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Trade and other payables | 8,679 | 10,480
Trade payables | within 1 year |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Trade and other payables | 8,679 | 10,480
Other payables and advances |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Trade and other payables | 4,462 | 5,219
Other payables and advances | within 1 year |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Trade and other payables | 4,257 | 5,065
Other payables and advances | between 2 and 5 years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Trade and other payables | 111 | 54
Other payables and advances | beyond 5 years |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Trade and other payables | € 94 | € 100

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v3.20.4

Guarantees, commitments and risks - Expected payments under contractual obligations (Details) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€)
--- | ---
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | € 117,998
within 1 year |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 8,826
Later than one year and not later than two years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 8,204
Later than two years and not later than three years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 7,811
Later than three years and not later than four years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 8,830
Later than four years and not later than five years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 9,085
beyond 5 years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 75,242
Decommissioning liabilities |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 11,973
Decommissioning liabilities | within 1 year |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 400
Decommissioning liabilities | Later than one year and not later than two years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 237
Decommissioning liabilities | Later than two years and not later than three years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 202
Decommissioning liabilities | Later than three years and not later than four years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 425
Decommissioning liabilities | Later than four years and not later than five years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 276
Decommissioning liabilities | beyond 5 years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 10,433
Environmental liabilities |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 2,263
Environmental liabilities | within 1 year |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 383
Environmental liabilities | Later than one year and not later than two years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 323
Environmental liabilities | Later than two years and not later than three years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 267
Environmental liabilities | Later than three years and not later than four years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 255
Environmental liabilities | Later than four years and not later than five years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 196
Environmental liabilities | beyond 5 years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 839
Purchase obligations |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 103,654
Purchase obligations | within 1 year |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 8,041
Purchase obligations | Later than one year and not later than two years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 7,644
Purchase obligations | Later than two years and not later than three years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 7,342
Purchase obligations | Later than three years and not later than four years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 8,150
Purchase obligations | Later than four years and not later than five years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 8,613
Purchase obligations | beyond 5 years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 63,864
Gas take-or-pay contracts |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 99,417
Gas take-or-pay contracts | within 1 year |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 6,196
Gas take-or-pay contracts | Later than one year and not later than two years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 6,852
Gas take-or-pay contracts | Later than two years and not later than three years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 6,809
Gas take-or-pay contracts | Later than three years and not later than four years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 7,691
Gas take-or-pay contracts | Later than four years and not later than five years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 8,392
Gas take-or-pay contracts | beyond 5 years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 63,477
Gas ship or pay contracts |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 2,902
Gas ship or pay contracts | within 1 year |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 893
Gas ship or pay contracts | Later than one year and not later than two years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 519
Gas ship or pay contracts | Later than two years and not later than three years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 480
Gas ship or pay contracts | Later than three years and not later than four years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 439
Gas ship or pay contracts | Later than four years and not later than five years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 212
Gas ship or pay contracts | beyond 5 years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 359
Other purchase obligations |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 1,335
Other purchase obligations | within 1 year |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 952
Other purchase obligations | Later than one year and not later than two years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 273
Other purchase obligations | Later than two years and not later than three years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 53
Other purchase obligations | Later than three years and not later than four years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 20
Other purchase obligations | Later than four years and not later than five years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 9
Other purchase obligations | beyond 5 years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 28
Other obligations |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 108
Other obligations | within 1 year |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 2
Other obligations | beyond 5 years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 106
Memorandum of intent Val d'Agri |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 108
Memorandum of intent Val d'Agri | within 1 year |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | 2
Memorandum of intent Val d'Agri | beyond 5 years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Contractual obligations | € 106

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v3.20.4

Guarantees, commitments and risks - Capital investment and capital expenditure commitments (Details) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€)
--- | ---
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Committed projects | € 14,675
within 1 year |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Committed projects | 4,264
Later than one year and not later than two years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Committed projects | 3,983
Later than two years and not later than three years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Committed projects | 2,890
Later than three years and not later than four years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Committed projects | 2,204
Later than four years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Committed projects | 1,334
Not later than four years |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |
Expected capital investment and capital expenditure | € 26,900

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v3.20.4

Guarantees, commitments and risks - Other information about financial instruments (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |
Financial assets held for trading | € 5,502 | € 6,760 |
Non-hedging and trading derivatives | (19) | (125) |
Other investments valued at fair value | 957 | 929 | € 919
Trade receivables and other | 10,955 | 12,926 |
Financing receivables | 1,207 | 1,503 |
Securities | 55 | 55 |
Trade payables and other | 13,141 | 15,699 |
Financing payables | 26,686 | 24,518 |
Net assets (liabilities) for hedging derivatives | (52) | (2) |
Financial assets held for trading, Finance income (expense) recognized in profit and loss account | 31 | 127 |
Non-hedging and trading derivatives, Finance income (expense) recognized in profit and loss account | (415) | 273 |
Other investments valued at fair value, Finance income (expense) recognized in profit and loss account | 150 | 247 |
Other investments valued at fair value, Finance income (expense) recognized in other comprehensive income | 24 | (3) |
Trade receivables and other, Finance income (expense) recognized in profit and loss account | (213) | (409) |
Financing receivables, Finance income (expense) recognized in profit and loss account | 99 | 110 |
Trade payables and other, Finance income (expense) recognized in profit and loss account | (31) | 33 |
Financing payables, Finance income (expense) recognized in profit and loss account | (632) | (802) |
Net assets (liabilities) for hedging derivatives, Finance income (expense) recognized in profit and loss account | (941) | (739) |
Net assets (liabilities) for hedging derivatives, Finance income (expense) recognized in other comprehensive income | 661 | (679) |
Other operating income (loss) |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |
Non-hedging and trading derivatives, Finance income (expense) recognized in profit and loss account | (766) | 287 |
Financial income (expense) |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |
Non-hedging and trading derivatives, Finance income (expense) recognized in profit and loss account | 351 | (14) |
Trade receivables and other, Finance income (expense) recognized in profit and loss account | 13 | 23 |
Financing receivables, Finance income (expense) recognized in profit and loss account | 92 | 99 |
Interest income calculated on the basis of the effective interest rate |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |
Trade receivables and other, Finance income (expense) recognized in profit and loss account | 22 | 26 |
Interest expense calculated on the basis of the effective interest rate |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |
Financing payables, Finance income (expense) recognized in profit and loss account | (531) | (647) |
Net (impairment losses) reversal of trade and other receivables |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |
Trade receivables and other, Finance income (expense) recognized in profit and loss account | (226) | (432) |
Net revaluations or impairments |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |
Financing receivables, Finance income (expense) recognized in profit and loss account | € (1) | € 4 |

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v3.20.4

Guarantees, commitments and risks - Offsetting of financial instruments (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
--- | --- | ---
Trade and other payables |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Gross amount of financial liabilities | € 13,691 | € 16,445
Gross amount of financial assets subject to offsetting | 755 | 900
Net amount of financial liabilities | 12,936 | 15,545
Other current liabilities |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Gross amount of financial liabilities | 5,905 | 7,758
Gross amount of financial assets subject to offsetting | 1,033 | 612
Net amount of financial liabilities | 4,872 | 7,146
Trade and other receivables |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Gross amount of financial assets | 11,681 | 13,773
Gross amount of financial liabilities subject to offsetting | 755 | 900
Net amount of financial assets | 10,926 | 12,873
Other current assets |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |
Gross amount of financial assets | 3,719 | 4,584
Gross amount of financial liabilities subject to offsetting | 1,033 | 612
Net amount of financial assets | € 2,686 | € 3,972

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v3.20.4

Guarantees, commitments and risks - Additional information (Details) t in Thousands | 1 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Oct. 31, 2020 EUR (€) instrument | Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($) | Jul. 31, 2009 EUR (€) | Jul. 31, 2008 EUR (€) | Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€) t instrument | Dec. 31, 2018 t | Mar. 15, 2021 EUR (€) | Mar. 10, 2021 EUR (€) | Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€) | Dec. 31, 2019 EUR (€) | Dec. 31, 2017 EUR (€) | Mar. 31, 2017 EUR (€) | May 31, 2014 EUR (€) | Dec. 31, 2012 EUR (€)
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 8,884,000,000 | € 8,862,000,000 |  |  |  |
Capital commitments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14,675,000,000 |  |  |  |  |
Investment agreed |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 108,000,000 | 114,000,000 |  |  |  |
Risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 600,000,000 | 676,000,000 |  |  |  |
Period over which the management deems the liquidity reserves retained are enough to meet the financial obligations |  |  |  |  | 18 months |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lease liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,018,000,000 | 5,648,000,000 |  |  |  |
Quantity of total emission of carbon dioxide | t |  |  |  |  | 17,320 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Quantity of free emission allowance of carbon dioxide | t |  |  |  |  | 6,840 | 6,840 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deficit quantity of emission allowance of carbon dioxide | t |  |  |  |  | 10,480 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Perpetual subordinated bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notional amount | € 3,000,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 3,000,000 |  |  |  |  |
Number of euro-denominated perpetual subordinated hybrid bonds issued | instrument | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity credit assigned (as a percent) | 50.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Evolvere |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity interest acquired (as a percent) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 70.00% | 70.00% |  |  |  |  |
Project relating to Dogger Bank (A and B) wind facility |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital commitments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 451,000,000 |  |  |  |  |
Equity interest acquired (as a percent) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20.00% | 20.00% |  |  |  |  |
Finproject SpA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital commitments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 150,000,000 |  |  |  |  |
Equity interest acquired (as a percent) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 60.00% | 60.00% |  |  |  |  |
Alleged illegal handling of waste material | Outcome of preliminary hearings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fine payable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 700,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contextual confiscation amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 44,248,071 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Environmental claim relating to Municipality of Cengio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Claim amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 250,000,000 |  |  |  |  |
Block OPL 245 Nigeria |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Claim amount | $ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 1,092,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |
Estimated fair value of the asset | $ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 3,500,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest in assets (as a percent) |  |  |  |  | 50.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Congo proceedings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sanction agreed |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 11,800,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allegation of corruption relating to the award of certain contracts to Eni's former subsidiary Saipem in Algeria |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Settlement amount representing Eni's part of tax benefits obtained by Saipem in relation to the costs incurred by Saipem | $ |  | $ 19,750,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sum of compensation for interest | $ |  | $ 4,750,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Alleged environmental damage caused by illegal waste disposal in municipality of Melilli (Sicily) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Claim amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 500,000,000 |
Derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross amount of financial assets and liabilities subject to offsetting |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,033,000,000 | 612,000,000 |  |  |  |
Eni Abu Dhabi Refining & Trading BV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital commitments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,260,000,000 | 6,527,000,000 |  |  |  |
Increase (decrease) in capital commitments |  |  |  |  | € (3,267,000,000) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantee for obligations under Share Purchase Agreement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 73,000,000 |  |  |  |  |
Eni Abu Dhabi Refining & Trading BV | ADNOC Refining |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity interest acquired (as a percent) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20.00% | 20.00% |  |  |  |  |
Eni Trading Shipping Inc |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross amount of financial assets and liabilities subject to offsetting |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 2,000,000 | 187,000,000 |  |  |  |
Eni Rewind SpA and Versalis SpA | Porto Torres dock damage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Claim amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 1,500,000,000
Eni Rewind SpA | Alleged environmental damage caused by DDT pollution in Lake Maggiore |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Litigation damages annulled by the court |  |  |  | € 1,833,500,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Estimated damage value |  |  | € 7,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of years required to monitor natural recovery |  |  | 20 years |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Estimated compensatory work |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 9,500,000 |  |
Exploration & Production |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross amount of financial assets and liabilities subject to offsetting |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 753,000,000 | 713,000,000 |  |  |  |
Uncommitted short-term borrowing facilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Undrawn borrowing facilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,183,000,000 | 13,299,000,000 |  |  |  |
Committed borrowing facilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Undrawn borrowing facilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,295,000,000 | 4,667,000,000 |  |  |  |
Committed borrowing facilities | Over 12 months |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Undrawn borrowing facilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,750,000,000 | 4,217,000,000 |  |  |  |
Euro Medium Term Notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maximum amount issuable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20,000,000,000 |  |  |  |  |
Notional amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16,257,000,000 |  |  |  |  |
Bonds issued |  |  |  |  | € 3,500,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk associated with contractual assurances to acquirers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 230,000,000 | 248,000,000 |  |  |  |
Value of assets of third parties under custody |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 370,000,000 | 428,000,000 |  |  |  |
Currency |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Period of possible future changes in market values monitored |  |  |  |  | 1 day |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Percentage of confidence level |  |  |  |  | 99.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Holding period |  |  |  |  | 20 days |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate risk |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Percentage of confidence level |  |  |  |  | 99.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Holding period |  |  |  |  | 20 days |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity price risk |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Percentage of confidence level |  |  |  |  | 95.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Holding period |  |  |  |  | 1 day |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Strategic liquidity risk |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Percentage of confidence level |  |  |  |  | 99.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Holding period |  |  |  |  | 1 day |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Period of medium and long-term financial debts for which coverage must be provided |  |  |  |  | 24 months |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hydrocarbon exploration and production activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital commitments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 64,294,000,000 | 65,374,000,000 |  |  |  |
Increase (decrease) in capital commitments |  |  |  |  | € (1,080,000,000) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Regasified gas at Pascagoula plant |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital commitments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,672,000,000 | 1,978,000,000 |  |  |  |
Angola LNG Supply Services Llc |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Percentage of interest in project |  |  |  |  | 13.60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cardon IV SA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proportion of ownership interest in joint venture |  |  |  |  | 50.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contractual volumes of gas amount |  |  |  |  | € 12,000,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eni USA Gas Marketing Llc and Gulf LNG Energy Llc GLE and Gulf LNG Pipeline Llc GLP |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long term supply commitments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 948,000,000 |  |  |
Supply commitments compensation recognized |  |  |  |  | 324,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Claim for regasification fees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 757,000,000 |  |  |  |  |
Partners of unincorporated joint ventures |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lease liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,429,000,000 | 2,953,000,000 |  |  |  |
ENI SpA | Euro Medium Term Notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notional amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13,900,000,000 |  |  |  |  |
Bonds issued |  |  |  |  | € 3,000,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Coral FLNG SA | Third parties |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maximum financial guarantee given by the company |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,223,000,000 |  |  |  |  |
Percentage of obligation covered by guarantee |  |  |  |  | 100.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,758,000,000 | 4,323,000,000 |  |  |  |
Guarantee for bid bonds and performance bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,209,000,000 | 2,886,000,000 |  |  |  |
Underlying commitment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,520,000,000 | 4,013,000,000 |  |  |  |
Investments in unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 176,000,000 | 197,000,000 |  |  |  |
Joint ventures and associates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,800,000,000 | 4,075,000,000 |  |  |  |
Guarantee for bid bonds and performance bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,544,000,000 | 1,661,000,000 |  |  |  |
Underlying commitment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,898,000,000 | 2,109,000,000 |  |  |  |
Joint ventures and associates | Unsecured and other guarantees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bank guarantee |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,533,000,000 | 1,676,000,000 |  |  |  |
Joint ventures and associates | Rete Ferroviaria Italiana SpA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 499,000,000 | 499,000,000 |  |  |  |
Joint ventures and associates | Gulf LNG Energy and Gulf LNG Pipeline |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 165,000,000 | 181,000,000 |  |  |  |
Joint ventures and associates | Coral FLNG SA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantee for bid bonds and performance bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,079,000,000 | 1,168,000,000 |  |  |  |
Joint ventures and associates | Coral FLNG SA | Unsecured and other guarantees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bank guarantee |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,304,000,000 | 1,425,000,000 |  |  |  |
Others |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 150,000,000 | 267,000,000 |  |  |  |
Underlying commitment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 87,000,000 | 80,000,000 |  |  |  |
Others | State oil Company of Mozambique ENH |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees, commitments and risks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guarantees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 145,000,000 | € 158,000,000 |  |  |  |

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Revenues and other income (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |
Sales of crude oil | € 10,993 | € 20,866 | € 22,453
Sales of oil products | 12,369 | 20,804 | 22,399
Sales of natural gas and LNG | 11,266 | 17,922 | 19,642
Sales of petrochemical products | 3,296 | 4,110 | 5,574
Sales of other products | 2,515 | 2,593 | 2,421
Services | 3,548 | 3,586 | 3,333
Sales from operations | 43,987 | 69,881 | 75,822
Goods/Services transferred in a specific moment |  |  |
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |
Sales from operations | 42,987 | 68,848 | 75,296
Goods/Services transferred over a period of time |  |  |
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |
Sales from operations | 1,000 | 1,033 | 526
Exploration & Production |  |  |
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |
Sales of crude oil | 1,969 | 3,505 | 3,982
Sales of oil products | 517 | 1,189 | 1,133
Sales of natural gas and LNG | 3,505 | 5,454 | 4,554
Sales of other products | 113 | 68 | 27
Services | 255 | 283 | 247
Sales from operations | 6,359 | 10,499 | 9,943
Exploration & Production | Goods/Services transferred in a specific moment |  |  |
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |
Sales from operations | 5,896 | 9,946 | 9,676
Exploration & Production | Goods/Services transferred over a period of time |  |  |
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |
Sales from operations | 463 | 553 | 267
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio |  |  |
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |
Sales of natural gas and LNG | 5,000 | 8,881 | 11,575
Sales of other products | (2) |  | 1
Services | 364 | 349 | 355
Sales from operations | 5,362 | 9,230 | 11,931
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio | Goods/Services transferred in a specific moment |  |  |
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |
Sales from operations | 5,239 | 9,117 | 11,801
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio | Goods/Services transferred over a period of time |  |  |
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |
Sales from operations | 123 | 113 | 130
Refining & Marketing and Chemical |  |  |
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |
Sales of crude oil | 9,024 | 17,361 | 18,471
Sales of oil products | 11,852 | 19,615 | 21,266
Sales of natural gas and LNG | 20 | 214 | 166
Sales of petrochemical products | 3,277 | 4,088 | 5,539
Sales of other products | 36 | 16 | 20
Services | 728 | 682 | 626
Sales from operations | 24,937 | 41,976 | 46,088
Refining & Marketing and Chemical | Goods/Services transferred in a specific moment |  |  |
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |
Sales from operations | 24,639 | 41,727 | 46,029
Refining & Marketing and Chemical | Goods/Services transferred over a period of time |  |  |
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |
Sales from operations | 298 | 249 | 59
Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables |  |  |
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |
Sales of natural gas and LNG | 2,741 | 3,373 | 3,347
Sales of other products | 2,366 | 2,503 | 2,362
Services | 2,028 | 2,096 | 1,975
Sales from operations | 7,135 | 7,972 | 7,684
Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables | Goods/Services transferred in a specific moment |  |  |
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |
Sales from operations | 7,135 | 7,972 | 7,684
Corporate and Other activities |  |  |
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |
Sales of petrochemical products | 19 | 22 | 35
Sales of other products | 2 | 6 | 11
Services | 173 | 176 | 130
Sales from operations | 194 | 204 | 176
Corporate and Other activities | Goods/Services transferred in a specific moment |  |  |
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |
Sales from operations | 78 | 86 | 106
Corporate and Other activities | Goods/Services transferred over a period of time |  |  |
Products sales and service revenues |  |  |
Sales from operations | € 116 | € 118 | € 70

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Revenues and other income - Associated with liabilities and performance obligations (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Revenues and other income |  |  |
Revenues associated with contract liabilities at the beginning of the period | € 818 | € 747 | € 342
Revenues associated with performance obligations totally or partially satisfied in previous years |  | € 10 | € 11

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v3.20.4

Revenues and other income - Other income and revenues (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Revenues and other income |  |  |
Gains from sale of assets and businesses | € 10 | € 152 | € 454
Other proceeds | 950 | 1,008 | 662
Other revenue | € 960 | € 1,160 | € 1,116

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v3.20.4

Revenues and other income - Additional information (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Revenues and other income |  |
Recovery of cost share of right-of-use assets pertaining to partners of unincorporated joint operations | € 357 | € 368

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v3.20.4

Costs (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Costs |  |  |
Production costs - raw, ancillary and consumable materials and goods | € 21,432 | € 36,272 | € 41,125
Production costs - services | 9,710 | 11,589 | 10,625
Lease expense and other | 876 | 1,478 | 1,820
Net provisions for contingencies | 349 | 858 | 1,120
Other expenses | 1,317 | 879 | 1,130
Purchase, services and other charges gross | 33,684 | 51,076 | 55,820
capitalized direct costs associated with self-constructed assets - tangible assets | (128) | (197) | (192)
capitalized direct costs associated with self-constructed assets - intangible assets | (5) | (5) | (6)
Purchases, services and other | € 33,551 | € 50,874 | € 55,622

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v3.20.4

Costs - Payroll and related costs (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Costs |  |  |
Wages and salaries | € 2,193 | € 2,417 | € 2,409
Social security contributions | 458 | 449 | 448
Cost related to employee benefit plans | 102 | 85 | 220
Other costs | 239 | 213 | 170
Payroll and related costs gross | 2,992 | 3,164 | 3,247
Capitalized direct costs associated with self-constructed assets - tangible assets | (118) | (152) | (142)
Capitalized direct costs associated with self-constructed assets - intangible assets | (11) | (16) | (12)
Payroll and related costs | € 2,863 | € 2,996 | € 3,093

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v3.20.4

Costs - Average number of employees (Details) - employee | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Subsidiaries |  |  |
Costs |  |  |
Average number of employees | 31,048 | 31,136 | 31,573
Subsidiaries | Senior Managers |  |  |
Costs |  |  |
Average number of employees | 993 | 1,014 | 999
Subsidiaries | Junior Managers |  |  |
Costs |  |  |
Average number of employees | 9,280 | 9,267 | 9,095
Subsidiaries | Employees |  |  |
Costs |  |  |
Average number of employees | 15,995 | 15,945 | 16,220
Subsidiaries | Workers |  |  |
Costs |  |  |
Average number of employees | 4,780 | 4,910 | 5,259
Joint operations |  |  |
Costs |  |  |
Average number of employees | 726 | 741 | 745
Joint operations | Senior Managers |  |  |
Costs |  |  |
Average number of employees | 17 | 16 | 17
Joint operations | Junior Managers |  |  |
Costs |  |  |
Average number of employees | 73 | 77 | 84
Joint operations | Employees |  |  |
Costs |  |  |
Average number of employees | 349 | 361 | 361
Joint operations | Workers |  |  |
Costs |  |  |
Average number of employees | 287 | 287 | 283

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v3.20.4

Costs - Compensation of key management personnel (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
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Costs |  |  |
Wages and salaries | € 30 | € 28 | € 27
Post-employment benefits | 2 | 2 | 2
Other long-term benefits | 12 | 12 | 10
Indemnities upon termination of employment | 21 | 12 |
Key management personnel compensation | € 65 | € 54 | € 39

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v3.20.4

Costs - Additional information (Details) € / shares in Units, € in Thousands, shares in Millions | 12 Months Ended |  |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€) EquityInstruments item € / shares | Dec. 31, 2019 EUR (€) EquityInstruments € / shares | Dec. 31, 2018 EUR (€) € / shares | May 13, 2020 objector shares | Apr. 13, 2017 shares
Costs |  |  |  |  |
Geological and geophysical costs of exploration activities | € 196,000 | € 275,000 | € 287,000 |  |
Operating leases |  |  | 872,000 |  |
Research and development costs | 157,000 | 194,000 | 197,000 |  |
Royalty expense | 673,000 | 1,183,000 | 1,043,000 |  |
Net additions for contingencies | 349,000 | 858,000 | 1,120,000 |  |
Provisions for redundancy incentives expense | 105,000 | 45,000 | 37,000 |  |
Defined contribution plans expense | € 96,000 | € 99,000 | € 95,000 |  |
Number of annual awards | item | 3 |  |  |  |
Vesting period | 3 years |  |  |  |
Lock-up clause percentage | 50.00% |  |  |  |
Lock-up clause term | 1 year |  |  |  |
Number of other equity instruments granted in share-based payment arrangement | 2,922,749 | 1,759,273 | 1,517,975.00 |  |
Weighted average fair value of awarded shares | € / shares | € 4.67 | € 9.88 | € 11.73 |  |
Weighted average share price at grant date | € / shares |  | € 13.714 | € 14.246 |  |
Expected dividend as percentage |  | 6.10% | 5.80% |  |
Expected volatility |  | 19.00% | 20.00% |  |
Expense from share-based payment transactions with employees | € 7,000 | € 9,000 | € 5,000 |  |
Directors' remuneration expense | 7,540 | 9,200 | 9,600 |  |
Statutory auditors remuneration expense | € 571 | 613 | 604 |  |
Minimum |  |  |  |  |
Costs |  |  |  |  |
Percentage of shares that will vest after vesting period | 0.00% |  |  |  |
Weighted average share price at grant date | € / shares | € 5.885 |  |  |  |
Expected dividend as percentage | 7.00% |  |  |  |
Expected volatility | 41.00% |  |  |  |
Maximum |  |  |  |  |
Costs |  |  |  |  |
Percentage of shares that will vest after vesting period | 180.00% |  |  |  |
Weighted average share price at grant date | € / shares | € 8.303 |  |  |  |
Expected dividend as percentage | 10.00% |  |  |  |
Expected volatility | 44.00% |  |  |  |
Long-Term Monetary Incentive Plan 2017 - 2019 |  |  |  |  |
Costs |  |  |  |  |
Percentage of shares that will be granted depending on market condition in terms of TSR |  |  |  |  | 50.00%
Percentage of shares that will be granted depending on the growth in the Net Present Value (NPV) of proved reserves benchmarked against the Peer Group |  |  |  |  | 50.00%
Long-Term Monetary Incentive Plan 2017 - 2019 | Maximum |  |  |  |  |
Costs |  |  |  |  |
Limit of shares to be granted in share-based payment arrangement | shares |  |  |  |  | 11
Long-Term Monetary Incentive Plan 2020 - 2022 |  |  |  |  |
Costs |  |  |  |  |
Percentage of shares that will be granted depending on market condition in terms of TSR |  |  |  | 25.00% |
Percentage of shares that will be granted depending on a relative parameter represented by an industrial objective |  |  |  | 20.00% |
Percentage of shares that will be granted depending on an absolute parameter represented by an economic-financial objective |  |  |  | 20.00% |
Percentage of shares that will be granted depending on environmental sustainability and energy transition objective |  |  |  | 35.00% |
Number of absolute objectives considered for determination of shares that will be granted depending on environmental sustainability and energy transition objective | objector |  |  |  | 3 |
Percentage of shares that will be granted depending on decarbonisation objective |  |  |  | 15.00% |
Percentage of shares that will be granted depending on energy transition objective |  |  |  | 10.00% |
Percentage of shares that will be granted depending on circular economy objective |  |  |  | 10.00% |
Number of important projects considered for determination of shares that will be granted depending on environmental sustainability and energy transition objective |  |  |  | 3 |
Long-Term Monetary Incentive Plan 2020 - 2022 | Maximum |  |  |  |  |
Costs |  |  |  |  |
Limit of shares to be granted in share-based payment arrangement | shares |  |  |  | 20 |
Provisions for litigations |  |  |  |  |
Costs |  |  |  |  |
Net additions for contingencies | € 76,000 | 60,000 | 101,000 |  |
Environmental liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Costs |  |  |  |  |
Net additions for contingencies | € (15,000) | € 329,000 | € 266,000 |  |

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v3.20.4

Finance income (expense) (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Finance income (expense) |  |  |
Finance income | € 3,531 | € 3,087 | € 3,967
Finance expense | (4,958) | (4,079) | (4,663)
Net finance income (expense) from financial assets held for trading | 31 | 127 | 32
Income (expense) from derivative financial instruments | 351 | (14) | (307)
Finance income (expense) | € (1,045) | € (879) | € (971)

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v3.20.4

Finance income (expense) - Analysis of finance income (expense) (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Finance income (expense) related to net borrowings |  |  |
Interest and other finance expense on ordinary bonds | € (517) | € (618) | € (565)
Net finance income (expense) from financial assets held for trading | 31 | 127 | 32
Interest and other expense due to banks and other financial institutions | (102) | (122) | (120)
Interests on lease liabilities | (347) | (378) |
Interest from banks | 10 | 21 | 18
Interest and other income on financial receivables and securities held for non-operating purposes | 12 | 8 | 8
Finance income (expense) related to net borrowings | (913) | (962) | (627)
Exchange differences | (460) | 250 | 341
Income (expense) from derivative financial instruments | 351 | (14) | (307)
Other finance income (expense) |  |  |
Interest and other income on financing receivables and securities held for operating purposes | 97 | 112 | 132
Capitalized finance expense | 73 | 93 | 52
Finance expense due to the passage of time (accretion discount) | (190) | (255) | (249)
Other finance (expense) | (3) | (103) | (313)
Other finance income (cost) | (23) | (153) | (378)
Finance income (expense) | € (1,045) | € (879) | € (971)

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v3.20.4

Income (expense) from investments (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Income (expense) from investments |  |  |
Dividends | € 150 | € 247 | € 231
Net gain (loss) on disposals |  | 19 | 22
Other net income (expense) | (75) | 15 | 910
Other gain (loss) from investments | € 75 | € 281 | € 1,163

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v3.20.4

Income (expense) from investments - Additional information (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Other gain (loss) from investments |  |  |
Dividend income | € 150 | € 247 | € 231
Other net income | (75) | 15 | 910
Eni Norge AS |  |  |
Other gain (loss) from investments |  |  |
Other net income |  |  | 889
Nigeria LNG Ltd |  |  |
Other gain (loss) from investments |  |  |
Dividend income | 113 | 186 | 187
Saudi European Petrochemical Co |  |  |
Other gain (loss) from investments |  |  |
Dividend income | € 28 | € 46 | € 35

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v3.20.4

Income taxes (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Current taxes: |  |  |
Current taxes | € 1,800 | € 5,228 | € 5,370
Net deferred taxes: |  |  |
Net deferred taxes | 850 | 363 | 600
Income tax expense | 2,650 | 5,591 | 5,970
Italy |  |  |
Current taxes: |  |  |
Current taxes | 199 | 347 | 301
Net deferred taxes: |  |  |
Net deferred taxes | 672 | 599 | 130
Foreign current income tax expense | 169 |  |
Exploration & Production | Foreign (outside Italy) |  |  |
Current taxes: |  |  |
Current taxes | 1,517 | 4,729 | 4,906
Net deferred taxes: |  |  |
Net deferred taxes | 73 | (172) | 497
Other segments | Foreign (outside Italy) |  |  |
Current taxes: |  |  |
Current taxes | 84 | 152 | 163
Net deferred taxes: |  |  |
Net deferred taxes | € 105 | € (64) | € (27)

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v3.20.4

Income taxes - Reconciliation between statutory tax and effective tax charge (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Income Taxes |  |  |
Profit (loss) before taxation | € (5,978) | € 5,746 | € 10,107
Tax rate (IRES) (%) | 24.00% | 24.00% | 24.00%
Statutory corporation tax charge (credit) on profit or loss | € (1,435) | € 1,379 | € 2,426
Increase (decrease) resulting from: |  |  |
- higher tax charges related to subsidiaries outside Italy | 1,980 | 2,934 | 3,096
- impact pursuant to the write-down of deferred tax assets and recalculation of tax rates | 1,785 | 938 | 261
- impact pursuant to foreign tax effects of italian entities | 108 | 105 | 46
- Italian regional income tax (IRAP) | 107 | 25 | 50
- effect due to the tax regime provided for intercompany dividends | 96 | 65 | 47
- tax effects related to previous years | (30) | 147 | (24)
- other adjustments | 39 | (2) | 68
Net tax effect | 4,085 | 4,212 | 3,544
Income tax expense | 2,650 | 5,591 | 5,970
Exploration & Production |  |  |
Increase (decrease) resulting from: |  |  |
- higher tax charges related to subsidiaries outside Italy | € 1,777 | € 2,934 | € 3,014

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v3.20.4

Earnings (loss) per share (Details) - EUR (€) € / shares in Units, € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Earnings (loss) per share |  |  |
Weighted average number of shares used for basic earnings (loss) per share | 3,572,549,651 | 3,592,249,603 | 3,601,140,133
Potential shares to be issued for ILT incentive plan | 6,465,718 | 2,251,406 | 2,782,584
Weighted average number of shares used for diluted earnings (loss) per share | 3,579,015,369 | 3,594,501,009 | 3,603,922,717
Eni's net profit (loss) | € (8,635) | € 148 | € 4,126
Basic earnings (loss) per share | € (2.42) | € 0.04 | € 1.15
Diluted earnings (loss) per share | € (2.42) | € 0.04 | € 1.15

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v3.20.4

Exploration for evaluation of oil&gas resources (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Exploration for evaluation of oil&gas resources |  |  |
Revenues related to exploration activity and evaluation |  | € 34 | € 17
- write-off of exploration and evaluation costs | € 314 | 214 | 93
- costs of geological and geophysical studies | 196 | 275 | 287
Exploration expense for the year | 510 | 489 | 380
Intangible assets: proved and unproved exploration licence and leasehold property acquisition costs | 888 | 1,031 | 1,081
Tangible assets: capitalized exploration and evaluation costs | 1,341 | 1,563 | 1,267
Total tangible and intangible assets | 2,229 | 2,594 | 2,348
Provision for decommissioning related to exploration activity and evaluation | 93 | 109 | 77
Exploration expenditure (net cash used in investing activities) | 283 | 586 | 463
Geological and geophysical costs (cash flow from operating activities) | 196 | 275 | 287
Total exploration effort | € 479 | € 861 | € 750

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v3.20.4

Segment information and information by geographical area - Restated for homogeneous comparison (Details) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€) item | Dec. 31, 2019 EUR (€) | Dec. 31, 2018 EUR (€)
Reportable segments |  |  |
Number of new general departments | item | 2 |  |
Sales from operations | € 43,987 | € 69,881 | € 75,822
Operating profit | (3,275) | 6,432 | 9,983
Assets | 109,648 | 123,440 |
Liabilities | 72,155 | 75,540 |
Previously stated |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 69,881 | 75,822
Operating profit |  | 6,432 | 9,983
Allocated amounts |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Assets | 79,604 | 91,795 | 85,483
Liabilities | 32,405 | 36,401 | 34,540
Allocated amounts | Previously stated |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Assets |  | 91,795 | 85,483
Liabilities |  | 36,401 | 34,540
Elimination of intersegment amounts |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Operating profit | 33 | (120) | 211
Assets | (402) | (492) | (420)
Liabilities | (83) | (141) | (275)
Elimination of intersegment amounts | Previously stated |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Operating profit |  | (120) | 211
Assets |  | (492) | (420)
Liabilities |  | (141) | (275)
Exploration & Production |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 6,359 | 10,499 | 9,943
Exploration & Production | Previously stated |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 10,499 | 9,943
Exploration & Production | Operating segments |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 13,590 | 23,572 | 25,744
Operating profit | (610) | 7,417 | 10,214
Assets | 59,439 | 68,915 | 63,051
Liabilities | 17,501 | 20,164 | 18,110
Exploration & Production | Operating segments | Previously stated |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 23,572 | 25,744
Operating profit |  | 7,417 | 10,214
Assets |  | 68,915 | 63,051
Liabilities |  | 20,164 | 18,110
Exploration & Production | Elimination of intersegment amounts |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | (7,231) | (13,073) | (15,801)
Exploration & Production | Elimination of intersegment amounts | Previously stated |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | (13,073) | (15,801)
Gas & Power | Previously stated |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 38,160 | 43,109
Gas & Power | Operating segments | Previously stated |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 50,015 | 55,690
Operating profit |  | 699 | 629
Assets |  | 9,176 | 9,989
Liabilities |  | 7,852 | 8,314
Gas & Power | Elimination of intersegment amounts | Previously stated |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | (11,855) | (12,581)
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 5,362 | 9,230 | 11,931
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio | Operating segments |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 7,051 | 11,779 | 14,807
Operating profit | (332) | 431 | 387
Assets | 4,020 | 4,092 | 4,642
Liabilities | 3,785 | 3,836 | 4,089
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio | Elimination of intersegment amounts |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | (1,689) | (2,549) | (2,876)
Refining & Marketing and Chemical |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 24,937 | 41,976 | 46,088
Refining & Marketing and Chemical | Previously stated |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 21,017 | 22,594
Refining & Marketing and Chemical | Operating segments |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 25,340 | 42,360 | 46,483
Operating profit | (2,463) | (682) | (501)
Assets | 10,716 | 13,569 | 13,099
Liabilities | 5,460 | 6,272 | 6,201
Refining & Marketing and Chemical | Operating segments | Previously stated |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 23,334 | 25,216
Operating profit |  | (854) | (380)
Assets |  | 12,336 | 11,692
Liabilities |  | 4,599 | 4,319
Refining & Marketing and Chemical | Elimination of intersegment amounts |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | (403) | (384) | (395)
Refining & Marketing and Chemical | Elimination of intersegment amounts | Previously stated |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | (2,317) | (2,622)
Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 7,135 | 7,972 | 7,684
Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables | Operating segments |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 7,536 | 8,448 | 8,218
Operating profit | 660 | 74 | 340
Assets | 4,387 | 4,068 | 4,008
Liabilities | 2,426 | 2,380 | 2,364
Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables | Elimination of intersegment amounts |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | (401) | (476) | (534)
Corporate and Other activities |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 194 | 204 | 176
Corporate and Other activities | Previously stated |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 205 | 176
Corporate and Other activities | Operating segments |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 1,559 | 1,676 | 1,588
Operating profit | (563) | (688) | (668)
Assets | 1,444 | 1,643 | 1,103
Liabilities | 3,316 | 3,890 | 4,051
Corporate and Other activities | Operating segments | Previously stated |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | 1,681 | 1,589
Operating profit |  | (710) | (691)
Assets |  | 1,860 | 1,171
Liabilities |  | 3,927 | 4,072
Corporate and Other activities | Elimination of intersegment amounts |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | € (1,365) | (1,472) | (1,412)
Corporate and Other activities | Elimination of intersegment amounts | Previously stated |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations |  | € (1,476) | € (1,413)

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v3.20.4

Segment information and information by geographical area (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | € 43,987 | € 69,881 | € 75,822
Operating profit | (3,275) | 6,432 | 9,983
Net provisions for contingencies | 349 | 858 | 1,120
Depreciation and amortization | (7,304) | (8,106) | (6,988)
Impairments of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets | (3,855) | (2,570) | (1,292)
Reversals of tangible and intangible assets | 672 | 382 | 426
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets | (329) | (300) | (100)
Share of profit (loss) from equity-accounted investments | (1,733) | (88) | (68)
Assets | 109,648 | 123,440 |
Equity-accounted investments | 6,749 | 9,035 | 7,044
Liabilities | 72,155 | 75,540 |
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets | 4,644 | 8,376 | 9,119
Allocated amounts |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Assets | 79,604 | 91,795 | 85,483
Liabilities | 32,405 | 36,401 | 34,540
Elimination of intersegment amounts |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Operating profit | 33 | (120) | 211
Net provisions for contingencies | 45 | (51) | (21)
Depreciation and amortization | 32 | 32 | 30
Assets | (402) | (492) | (420)
Liabilities | (83) | (141) | (275)
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets | (10) | (14) | (17)
Unallocated amounts |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Assets | 30,044 | 31,645 | 32,890
Liabilities | 39,750 | 39,139 | 32,760
Exploration & Production |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 6,359 | 10,499 | 9,943
Exploration & Production | Operating segments |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 13,590 | 23,572 | 25,744
Operating profit | (610) | 7,417 | 10,214
Net provisions for contingencies | 98 | 97 | 235
Depreciation and amortization | (6,273) | (7,060) | (6,152)
Impairments of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets | (2,170) | (1,347) | (1,025)
Reversals of tangible and intangible assets | 282 | 130 | 299
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets | (322) | (292) | (97)
Share of profit (loss) from equity-accounted investments | (980) | 7 | 158
Assets | 59,439 | 68,915 | 63,051
Equity-accounted investments | 2,680 | 4,108 | 4,972
Liabilities | 17,501 | 20,164 | 18,110
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets | 3,472 | 6,996 | 7,901
Exploration & Production | Elimination of intersegment amounts |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | (7,231) | (13,073) | (15,801)
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 5,362 | 9,230 | 11,931
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio | Operating segments |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 7,051 | 11,779 | 14,807
Operating profit | (332) | 431 | 387
Net provisions for contingencies | 64 | 234 | 53
Depreciation and amortization | (125) | (124) | (226)
Impairments of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets | (2) |  | (6)
Reversals of tangible and intangible assets |  | 5 | 79
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets |  |  | (1)
Share of profit (loss) from equity-accounted investments | (15) | (21) | (2)
Assets | 4,020 | 4,092 | 4,642
Equity-accounted investments | 259 | 346 | 355
Liabilities | 3,785 | 3,836 | 4,089
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets | 11 | 15 | 26
Global Gas & LNG Portfolio | Elimination of intersegment amounts |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | (1,689) | (2,549) | (2,876)
Refining & Marketing and Chemical |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 24,937 | 41,976 | 46,088
Refining & Marketing and Chemical | Operating segments |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 25,340 | 42,360 | 46,483
Operating profit | (2,463) | (682) | (501)
Net provisions for contingencies | 118 | 276 | 274
Depreciation and amortization | (575) | (620) | (399)
Impairments of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets | (1,605) | (1,127) | (193)
Reversals of tangible and intangible assets | 334 | 205 |
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets |  | (6) | (2)
Share of profit (loss) from equity-accounted investments | (363) | (63) | (67)
Assets | 10,716 | 13,569 | 13,099
Equity-accounted investments | 2,605 | 3,107 | 275
Liabilities | 5,460 | 6,272 | 6,201
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets | 771 | 933 | 877
Refining & Marketing and Chemical | Elimination of intersegment amounts |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | (403) | (384) | (395)
Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 7,135 | 7,972 | 7,684
Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables | Operating segments |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 7,536 | 8,448 | 8,218
Operating profit | 660 | 74 | 340
Net provisions for contingencies | (2) | (5) |
Depreciation and amortization | (217) | (190) | (182)
Impairments of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets | (56) | (83) | (50)
Reversals of tangible and intangible assets | 55 | 41 | 48
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets | (7) | (1) |
Share of profit (loss) from equity-accounted investments | 6 | 10 | 11
Assets | 4,387 | 4,068 | 4,008
Equity-accounted investments | 217 | 141 | 139
Liabilities | 2,426 | 2,380 | 2,364
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets | 293 | 357 | 238
Eni gas e luce, Power & Renewables | Elimination of intersegment amounts |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | (401) | (476) | (534)
Corporate and Other activities |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 194 | 204 | 176
Corporate and Other activities | Operating segments |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | 1,559 | 1,676 | 1,588
Operating profit | (563) | (688) | (668)
Net provisions for contingencies | 26 | 307 | 579
Depreciation and amortization | (146) | (144) | (59)
Impairments of tangible and intangible assets and right-of-use assets | (22) | (13) | (18)
Reversals of tangible and intangible assets | 1 | 1 |
Write-off of tangible and intangible assets |  | (1) |
Share of profit (loss) from equity-accounted investments | (381) | (21) | (168)
Assets | 1,444 | 1,643 | 1,103
Equity-accounted investments | 988 | 1,333 | 1,303
Liabilities | 3,316 | 3,890 | 4,051
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets | 107 | 89 | 94
Corporate and Other activities | Elimination of intersegment amounts |  |  |
Reportable segments |  |  |
Sales from operations | € (1,365) | € (1,472) | € (1,412)

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v3.20.4

Segment information and information by geographical area - Identifiable assets and investments (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Geographical areas |  |  |
Assets | € 109,648 | € 123,440 |
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets | 4,644 | 8,376 | € 9,119
Italy |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets | 1,198 | 1,402 | 1,424
Other European Union |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets | 152 | 306 | 267
Rest of Europe |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets | 119 | 9 | 538
Americas |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets | 441 | 1,017 | 534
Asia |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets | 1,267 | 1,685 | 1,782
Africa |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets | 1,443 | 3,902 | 4,533
Other areas |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets and prepaid right-of-use assets | 24 | 55 | 41
Allocated amounts |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Assets | 79,604 | 91,795 | 85,483
Allocated amounts | Italy |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Assets | 17,228 | 19,346 | 18,646
Allocated amounts | Other European Union |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Assets | 4,159 | 7,237 | 7,086
Allocated amounts | Rest of Europe |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Assets | 3,174 | 1,151 | 1,031
Allocated amounts | Americas |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Assets | 4,485 | 5,230 | 4,546
Allocated amounts | Asia |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Assets | 16,360 | 17,898 | 16,910
Allocated amounts | Africa |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Assets | 33,341 | 40,021 | 36,155
Allocated amounts | Other areas |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Assets | € 857 | € 912 | € 1,109

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v3.20.4

Segment information and information by geographical area - Revenue (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Geographical areas |  |  |
Sales from operations | € 43,987 | € 69,881 | € 75,822
Italy |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Sales from operations | 14,717 | 23,312 | 25,279
Other European Union |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Sales from operations | 9,508 | 18,567 | 20,408
Revenues relating to United Kingdom included in other geographical areas |  | 6,856 | 6,286
Rest of Europe |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Sales from operations | 8,191 | 6,931 | 7,052
Revenues relating to United Kingdom included in other geographical areas | 4,410 |  |
Americas |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Sales from operations | 2,426 | 3,842 | 5,051
Asia |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Sales from operations | 4,182 | 8,102 | 9,585
Africa |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Sales from operations | 4,842 | 8,998 | 8,246
Other areas |  |  |
Geographical areas |  |  |
Sales from operations | € 121 | € 129 | € 201

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v3.20.4

Transactions with related parties (Details) - Transactions and balances - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | € 1,021 | € 1,104 | € 864
Payables and other liabilities | 2,575 | 2,841 | 3,750
Guarantees | 2,443 | 2,596 | 2,588
Revenues | 1,199 | 1,252 | 1,391
Costs | 6,637 | 9,173 | 8,005
Other operating (expense) income | 13 | 19 | 319
Individual amount limit to be included in other related parties | 50 | 50 | 50
Joint ventures and associates and investments in unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 533 | 485 | 329
Payables and other liabilities | 1,818 | 2,009 | 2,872
Guarantees | 2,443 | 2,596 | 2,588
Revenues | 321 | 305 | 353
Costs | 3,448 | 5,466 | 4,526
Other operating (expense) income | (121) | (1) | 11
Joint ventures and associates |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 416 | 379 | 236
Payables and other liabilities | 1,794 | 1,983 | 2,848
Guarantees | 2,267 | 2,399 | 2,392
Revenues | 306 | 285 | 335
Costs | 3,439 | 5,448 | 4,513
Other operating (expense) income | (121) | (1) | 11
Agiba Petroleum Co |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 6 | 3 | 1
Payables and other liabilities | 52 | 71 | 96
Costs | 201 | 229 | 156
Angola LNG Supply Services Llc |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Guarantees | 165 | 181 | 177
Coral FLNG SA |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 6 | 15 | 14
Guarantees | 1,079 | 1,168 | 1,147
Revenues | 49 | 71 | 62
Gas Distribution Company of Thessaloniki Thessaly SA |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets |  |  | 1
Payables and other liabilities | 13 | 13 | 18
Costs | 52 | 53 | 51
Saipem Group |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 87 | 75 | 75
Payables and other liabilities | 254 | 227 | 171
Guarantees | 509 | 510 | 793
Revenues | 18 | 27 | 30
Costs | 350 | 503 | 420
Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 25 | 33 | 27
Payables and other liabilities | 141 | 198 | 134
Revenues |  | 1 | 1
Costs | 816 | 1,134 | 998
Mellitah Oil & Gas BV |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 54 | 57 | 1
Payables and other liabilities | 250 | 171 | 268
Revenues | 2 | 3 | 1
Costs | 156 | 365 | 502
Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Co |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 65 | 50 | 56
Payables and other liabilities | 467 | 1,130 | 2,029
Revenues |  | 7 | 7
Costs | 556 | 1,590 | 2,282
Societa Oleodotti Meridionali SpA |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 3 |  |
Payables and other liabilities | 399 |  |
Revenues | 20 |  |
Costs | 15 |  |
Societe Centrale Electrique du Congo SA |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 48 |  |
Revenues | 57 |  |
Union Fenosa Gas SA |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 11 | 8 | 4
Payables and other liabilities | 4 | 1 | 7
Guarantees | 57 | 57 | 57
Revenues | 9 | 1 | 123
Costs |  | 6 |
Other operating (expense) income | (3) | 63 | 37
Var Energi AS |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 39 | 32 | 13
Payables and other liabilities | 190 | 143 | 100
Guarantees | 456 | 482 | 218
Revenues | 85 | 63 |
Costs | 1,126 | 1,481 |
Other operating (expense) income | (118) | (64) |
Other joint ventures and associates |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 72 | 106 | 44
Payables and other liabilities | 24 | 29 | 25
Guarantees | 1 | 1 |
Revenues | 66 | 112 | 111
Costs | 167 | 87 | 104
Other operating (expense) income |  |  | (26)
Investments in unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 117 | 106 | 93
Payables and other liabilities | 24 | 26 | 24
Guarantees | 176 | 197 | 196
Revenues | 15 | 20 | 18
Costs | 9 | 18 | 13
Eni BTC Ltd |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Guarantees | 165 | 180 | 177
Industria Siciliana Acido Fosforico ISAF SPA |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 112 | 101 | 87
Payables and other liabilities | 1 | 1 | 1
Guarantees | 1 | 3 | 5
Revenues | 11 | 14 | 11
Other unconsolidated subsidiaries |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 5 | 5 | 6
Payables and other liabilities | 23 | 25 | 23
Guarantees | 10 | 14 | 14
Revenues | 4 | 6 | 7
Costs | 9 | 18 | 13
Entities controlled by the Government |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 400 | 542 | 494
Payables and other liabilities | 701 | 755 | 736
Revenues | 857 | 909 | 1,000
Costs | 2,874 | 3,213 | 3,218
Other operating (expense) income | 134 | 20 | 308
Enel Group |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 104 | 185 | 134
Payables and other liabilities | 165 | 284 | 151
Revenues | 51 | 105 | 118
Costs | 551 | 602 | 514
Other operating (expense) income | 86 | (8) | 227
Italgas Group |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 1 | 3 | 5
Payables and other liabilities | 177 | 154 | 146
Revenues | 3 | 1 | 23
Costs | 714 | 677 | 667
Snam Group |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 189 | 278 | 237
Payables and other liabilities | 211 | 229 | 289
Revenues | 45 | 71 | 109
Costs | 1,012 | 1,208 | 1,184
Other operating (expense) income |  |  | (1)
Terna Group |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 46 | 40 | 26
Payables and other liabilities | 62 | 45 | 47
Revenues | 152 | 171 | 150
Costs | 225 | 223 | 231
Other operating (expense) income | 8 | 17 | 8
GSE Gestore Servizi Energetic |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 52 | 26 | 67
Payables and other liabilities | 37 | 24 | 85
Revenues | 586 | 549 | 555
Costs | 309 | 468 | 588
Other operating (expense) income | 40 | 11 | 74
Other entities controlled by government |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 8 | 10 | 25
Payables and other liabilities | 49 | 19 | 18
Revenues | 20 | 12 | 45
Costs | 63 | 35 | 34
Other related parties |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 1 | 2 | 1
Payables and other liabilities | 4 | 3 | 2
Revenues | 2 | 5 | 4
Costs | 53 | 37 | 32
Pension funds |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Costs | 40 |  |
Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Costs | 5 |  |
Eni Foundation |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Costs | 1 |  |
Groupement Sonatrach Agip and Organe Conjoint des Operations |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables and other assets | 87 | 75 | 40
Payables and other liabilities | 52 | 74 | 140
Revenues | 19 | 33 | 34
Costs | € 262 | € 457 | € 229

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v3.20.4

Transactions with related parties - Financing transactions with related parties (Details) - Financing transactions - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables | € 807 | € 971 | € 964
Payables | 218 | 59 | 661
Guarantees | 1,533 | 1,676 | 1,664
Gains | 114 | 96 | 115
Charges | 26 | 36 | 283
Joint ventures and associates |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables | 771 | 919 | 915
Payables | 179 | 19 | 564
Guarantees | 1,533 | 1,676 | 1,664
Gains | 113 | 95 | 115
Charges | 25 | 36 | 281
Angola LNG Ltd |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Guarantees | 228 | 249 | 245
Cardon IV SA |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables | 383 | 563 | 705
Payables |  | 5 | 36
Gains | 57 | 77 | 95
Coral FLNG SA |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables | 288 | 253 | 108
Gains | 22 |  |
Charges | 1 | 2 |
Coral South FLNG DMCC |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Guarantees | 1,304 | 1,425 | 1,397
Saipem Group |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables | 2 |  |
Payables | 167 |  |
Charges | 6 |  |
Shatskmorneftegaz Sarl |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Gains |  |  | 7
Charges |  |  | 267
Societe Centrale Electrique du Congo SA |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables | 83 | 85 | 64
Payables |  |  | 30
Gains | 7 |  |
Charges |  | 20 | 5
Var Energi AS |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Payables |  |  | 494
Other joint ventures and associates |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables | 15 | 18 | 38
Payables | 12 | 14 | 4
Guarantees | 1 | 2 | 22
Gains | 27 | 18 | 13
Charges | 18 | 14 | 9
Investments in unconsolidated entities controlled by Eni |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables | 36 | 48 | 49
Payables | 28 | 28 | 25
Gains | 1 | 1 |
Other unconsolidated subsidiaries |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables | 36 | 48 | 49
Payables | 28 | 28 | 25
Gains | 1 | 1 |
Entities controlled by the Government |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables |  | 4 |
Payables | 11 | 12 | 72
Charges | 1 |  | 2
Enel Group |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Payables |  |  | 64
Other entities controlled by government |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Receivables |  | 4 |
Payables | 11 | € 12 | 8
Charges | € 1 |  | € 2

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v3.20.4

Transactions with related parties - Impact of transactions and positions with related parties (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Other current financial assets | € 254 | € 384 |
Trade and other receivables | 10,926 | 12,873 |
Other current assets | 2,686 | 3,972 |
Other non-current financial assets | 1,008 | 1,174 |
Other non-current assets | 1,253 | 871 |
Short-term debt | 2,882 | 2,452 |
Current portion of long-term lease liabilities | 849 | 889 |
Trade and other payables | 12,936 | 15,545 |
Other current liabilities | 4,872 | 7,146 |
Non-current lease liabilities | 4,169 | 4,759 |
Other non-current liabilities | € 1,877 | € 1,611 |
Other current financial assets, Percentage | 16.14% | 15.63% |
Trade and other receivables, Percentage | 7.34% | 5.47% |
Other current assets, Percentage | 5.40% | 5.51% |
Other non-current financial assets, Percentage | 75.99% | 77.60% |
Other non-current assets, Percentage | 5.91% | 20.78% |
Short-term debt, Percentage | 1.80% | 1.88% |
Current portion of long-term lease liabilities, Percentage | 6.36% | 0.56% |
Trade and other payables, Percentage | 16.23% | 17.13% |
Other current liabilities, Percentage | 9.28% | 2.17% |
Non-current lease liabilities, Percentage | 2.69% | 0.17% |
Other non-current liabilities, Percentage | 1.23% | 1.43% |
Sales from operations | € 43,987 | € 69,881 | € 75,822
Other income and revenues | 960 | 1,160 | 1,116
Purchases, services and other | (33,551) | (50,874) | (55,622)
Net (impairment losses) reversals of trade and other receivables | (226) | (432) | (415)
Payroll and related costs | (2,863) | (2,996) | (3,093)
Other operating income (expense) | (766) | 287 | 129
Finance income | 3,531 | 3,087 | 3,967
Finance expense | € (4,958) | € (4,079) | € (4,663)
Sales from operations, Percentage | 2.65% | 1.79% | 1.82%
Other income and revenues, Percentage | 3.65% | 0.34% | 0.72%
Purchases, services and other, Percentage | 19.66% | 18.03% | 14.40%
Net (impairment losses) reversals of trade and other receivables, Percentage | 2.65% |  |
Payroll and related costs, Percentage | 1.26% | 0.93% | 0.71%
Other operating (expense) income, Percentage |  | 6.62% |
Financial income, Percentage | 3.23% | 3.11% | 2.90%
Financial expense, Percentage | 0.52% | 0.88% | 6.07%
Net cash provided from operating activities | € 4,822 | € 12,392 | € 13,647
Net cash used in investing activities | (4,587) | (11,413) | (7,536)
Net cash used in financing activities | 3,253 | (5,841) | (2,637)
Related parties |  |  |
Transactions With Related Parties |  |  |
Other current financial assets | 41 | 60 |
Trade and other receivables | 802 | 704 |
Other current assets | 145 | 219 |
Other non-current financial assets | 766 | 911 |
Other non-current assets | 74 | 181 |
Short-term debt | 52 | 46 |
Current portion of long-term lease liabilities | 54 | 5 |
Trade and other payables | 2,100 | 2,663 |
Other current liabilities | 452 | 155 |
Non-current lease liabilities | 112 | 8 |
Other non-current liabilities | 23 | 23 |
Sales from operations | 1,164 | 1,248 | 1,383
Other income and revenues | 35 | 4 | 8
Purchases, services and other | (6,595) | (9,173) | (8,009)
Net (impairment losses) reversals of trade and other receivables | (6) | 28 | 26
Payroll and related costs | (36) | (28) | (22)
Other operating income (expense) | 13 | 19 | 319
Finance income | 114 | 96 | 115
Finance expense | (26) | (36) | (283)
Revenue and other income cash flow | 1,199 | 1,252 | 1,391
Costs and other expenses cash flow | (5,789) | (6,869) | (5,210)
Other operating (expense) income cash flow | 13 | 19 | 319
Net change in trade and other receivables and payables | (136) | (839) | 683
Net interests cash flow | 73 | 81 | 110
Net cash provided from operating activities | (4,640) | (6,356) | (2,707)
Capital expenditure in tangible and intangible assets | (842) | (2,332) | (2,768)
Net change in accounts payable and receivable in relation to investments | (370) | (339) | 20
Change in financial receivables | (160) | (241) | (566)
Net cash used in investing activities | (1,372) | (2,912) | (3,314)
Change in financial and lease liabilities | 164 | (817) | 16
Net cash used in financing activities | 164 | (817) | 16
Total financial flows to related parties | € (5,848) | € (10,085) | € (6,005)
Net cash used in investing activities, Percentage | 29.91% | 25.51% | 43.98%
Net cash used in financing activities, Percentage | 5.04% | 13.99% |

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v3.20.4

Other information about investments - Parent company (Details) - EUR (€) | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Parent |  |
Share capital | € 4,005,000,000 | € 4,005,000,000
ENI SpA |  |
Parent |  |
Share capital | € 4,005,358,876 | € 4,005,358,876
ENI SpA |  |
Parent |  |
Registered office | Rome |
Country of operation | Italy |
Share capital | € 4,005,358,876 |
ENI SpA | Cassa Depositi ePrestiti SpA [Member] |  |
Parent |  |
Percentage of interest held in reporting entity | 25.96% |
ENI SpA | Ministero dell Economia e delle Finanze [Member] |  |
Parent |  |
Percentage of interest held in reporting entity | 4.37% |
ENI SpA | ENI SpA |  |
Parent |  |
Percentage of interest held in reporting entity | 0.92% |
ENI SpA | Other Shareholders [Member] |  |
Parent |  |
Percentage of interest held in reporting entity | 68.75% |

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v3.20.4

Other information about investments - Subsidiaries - Exploration & Production (Details) | 12 Months Ended |  |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 ARS ($) | Dec. 31, 2020 CDF (CF) | Dec. 31, 2020 DZD (دج) | Dec. 31, 2020 CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2020 NGN (₦) | Dec. 31, 2020 RUB (₽) | Dec. 31, 2020 UAH (₴) | Dec. 31, 2020 BRL (R$) | Dec. 31, 2020 MXN ($) | Dec. 31, 2020 GHS (GH₵) | Dec. 31, 2020 AUD ($) | Dec. 31, 2020 GBP (£) | Dec. 31, 2020 XAF ( ) | Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2020 EUR (€) | Dec. 31, 2019 EUR (€)
Subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | € 4,005,000,000 | € 4,005,000,000
ENI SpA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,005,358,876 | € 4,005,358,876
Exploration & Production | Italy | Subsidiaries One [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company name | Eni Angola SpA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Registered office | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Country of operation | Angola |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20,200,000 |
% Equity ratio | 100.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidation or valuation method | F.C. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exploration & Production | Italy | Subsidiaries One [Member] | ENI SpA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
% Ownership | 100.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exploration & Production | Italy | Subsidiaries Two [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company name | Eni Mediterranea Idrocarburi SpA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Registered office | Gela (CL) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Country of operation | Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,200,000 |
% Equity ratio | 100.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidation or valuation method | F.C. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exploration & Production | Italy | Subsidiaries Two [Member] | ENI SpA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
% Ownership | 100.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exploration & Production | Italy | Subsidiaries Three [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company name | Eni Mozambico SpA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Registered office | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Country of operation | Mozambique |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 200,000 |
% Equity ratio | 100.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidation or valuation method | F.C. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exploration & Production | Italy | Subsidiaries Three [Member] | ENI SpA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
% Ownership | 100.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exploration & Production | Italy | Subsidiaries Four [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company name | Eni Timor Leste SpA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Registered office | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Country of operation | East Timor |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,386,849 |
% Equity ratio | 100.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidation or valuation method | F.C. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exploration & Production | Italy | Subsidiaries Four [Member] | ENI SpA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
% Ownership | 100.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exploration & Production | Italy | Subsidiaries Five [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company name | Eni West Africa SpA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Registered office | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Country of operation | Angola |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,000,000 |
% Equity ratio | 100.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidation or valuation method | F.C. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exploration & Production | Italy | Subsidiaries Five [Member] | ENI SpA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
% Ownership | 100.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exploration & Production | Italy | Subsidiaries Six [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company name | Floaters SpA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Registered office | San Donato Milanese (MI) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Country of operation | Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 200,120,000 |
% Equity ratio | 100.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidation or valuation method | F.C. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exploration & Production | Italy | Subsidiaries Six [Member] | ENI SpA |  |  |